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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/324b431c-c46a-4d04-98d3-28a7c9658aed" xlink:actuate="onRequest">GLODAP &gt; Global Ocean Data Analysis Project</gmx:Anchor>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>MD</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>GCMD Keyword Forum Page</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Ocean Acidification Search Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/d9b4f30d-bddd-4888-b66b-07d2dc09708b" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; INORGANIC CARBON</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/8dd7c9f0-51d0-4037-b1d0-a2517c1770ad" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; NUTRIENTS</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/46206e8c-8def-406f-9e62-da4e74633a58" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN TEMPERATURE &gt; WATER TEMPERATURE</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>OCADS Study Type</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>TCARBN</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Variable Abbreviations</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gmd:URL>https://doi.org/10.25921/fkj1-kn30</gmd:URL>
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                  <gmd:applicationProfile>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Web browser</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>NCEI Dataset Landing Page</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:name>
                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                    <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/282292</gmd:URL>
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                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:applicationProfile>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Web browser</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Descriptive Information</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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                  <gmd:applicationProfile>
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                  <gmd:name>
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                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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              <gmd:onLine>
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                    <gmd:URL>ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0217/0282292/</gmd:URL>
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                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>FTP</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Any FTP client</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>FTP</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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                <gco:DateTime>2023-09-08T06:21:01Z</gco:DateTime>
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                            <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                            <gmd:CI_Contact>
                              <gmd:onlineResource>
                                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                                  <gmd:linkage>
                                    <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0282292/1.1</gmd:URL>
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            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon;
Abbreviation: TCARBN;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Observation type: Discrete, profile, bottle;
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Sampling instrument: Niskin Bottles;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Marine CO2 system data (total alkalinity, and total dissolved inorganic carbon were collected from full water column on the IMR repeat sections in the Norwegian Sea; Svinøy and Gimsøy. Sampling was generally performed in spring between January and April, although on some occasions sampling was performed later and earlier. The seawater samples were collected from a CTD-Rosette (12-Niskin bottle) following standard procedures and analyzed at Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway after the cruises following the method described in Dickson et al. (2007). DIC was determined using gas extraction of acidified samples followed by coulometric titration and photometric detection using a Versatile Instrument for the Determination of Titration carbonate (VINDTA 3D, Marianda, Germany). determined by potentiometric titration with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid using a Versatile Instrument for the Determination of Titration Alkalinity (VINDTA 3S, Marianda, Germany). Routine analyses of Certified Reference Materials (CRM, provided by A. G. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, United States) ensured the accuracy of the measurements, which was better than ±1 and ±2 mmol kg-1 for DIC and AT, respectively. Description of the analytical methods can be found as a summary in the data file, as well as in the annual reports by Chierici et al., 2012:2017, and Jones et al., 2018. Water samples for analysis of nutrients [NO2, NO-, Si(OH)4, PO4] were preserved with 250 µL chloroform until post-cruise analysis following standard methods (Grasshoff et al., 2009) at the chemical laboratory at IMR, Bergen. Three replicates were analyzed for each sample. This study is a contribution to the project Monitoring ocean acidification in Norwegian waters/Havforsuringsovervåking i norske farvann” funded by the Norwegian Environment Agency (Miljødirektoratet) project#7013502 and 17078007.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity;
Abbreviation: ALKALI;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Observation type: Discrete, bottle;
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Sampling instrument: Niskin Bottles;
Type of titration: Gran titration;
Cell type (open or closed): open;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Marine CO2 system data (total alkalinity, and total dissolved inorganic carbon were collected from full water column on the IMR repeat sections in the Norwegian Sea; Svinøy and Gimsøy. Sampling was generally performed in spring between January and April, although on some occasions sampling was performed later and earlier. The seawater samples were collected from a CTD-Rosette (12-Niskin bottle) following standard procedures and analyzed at Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway after the cruises following the method described in Dickson et al. (2007). DIC was determined using gas extraction of acidified samples followed by coulometric titration and photometric detection using a Versatile Instrument for the Determination of Titration carbonate (VINDTA 3D, Marianda, Germany). determined by potentiometric titration with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid using a Versatile Instrument for the Determination of Titration Alkalinity (VINDTA 3S, Marianda, Germany). Routine analyses of Certified Reference Materials (CRM, provided by A. G. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, United States) ensured the accuracy of the measurements, which was better than ±1 and ±2 mmol kg-1 for DIC and AT, respectively. Description of the analytical methods can be found as a summary in the data file, as well as in the annual reports by Chierici et al., 2012:2017, and Jones et al., 2018. Water samples for analysis of nutrients [NO2, NO-, Si(OH)4, PO4] were preserved with 250 µL chloroform until post-cruise analysis following standard methods (Grasshoff et al., 2009) at the chemical laboratory at IMR, Bergen. Three replicates were analyzed for each sample. This study is a contribution to the project Monitoring ocean acidification in Norwegian waters/Havforsuringsovervåking i norske farvann” funded by the Norwegian Environment Agency (Miljødirektoratet) project#7013502 and 17078007.;
Method reference:</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: PH on total scale;
Abbreviation: PH_TOT;
Controlled vocabulary name: PH;
Observation type: Discrete, bottle;
Sampling instrument: Niskin bottles;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Marine CO2 system data (total alkalinity, and total dissolved inorganic carbon were collected from full water column on the IMR repeat sections in the Norwegian Sea; Svinøy and Gimsøy. Sampling was generally performed in spring between January and April, although on some occasions sampling was performed later and earlier. The seawater samples were collected from a CTD-Rosette (12-Niskin bottle) following standard procedures and analyzed at Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway after the cruises following the method described in Dickson et al. (2007). DIC was determined using gas extraction of acidified samples followed by coulometric titration and photometric detection using a Versatile Instrument for the Determination of Titration carbonate (VINDTA 3D, Marianda, Germany). determined by potentiometric titration with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid using a Versatile Instrument for the Determination of Titration Alkalinity (VINDTA 3S, Marianda, Germany). Routine analyses of Certified Reference Materials (CRM, provided by A. G. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, United States) ensured the accuracy of the measurements, which was better than ±1 and ±2 mmol kg-1 for DIC and AT, respectively. Description of the analytical methods can be found as a summary in the data file, as well as in the annual reports by Chierici et al., 2012:2017, and Jones et al., 2018. Water samples for analysis of nutrients [NO2, NO-, Si(OH)4, PO4] were preserved with 250 µL chloroform until post-cruise analysis following standard methods (Grasshoff et al., 2009) at the chemical laboratory at IMR, Bergen. Three replicates were analyzed for each sample. This study is a contribution to the project Monitoring ocean acidification in Norwegian waters/Havforsuringsovervåking i norske farvann” funded by the Norwegian Environment Agency (Miljødirektoratet) project#7013502 and 17078007.</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:processStep>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: CTD Temperature;
Abbreviation: CTDTMP;
Unit: degrees celcius;
Observation type: CTD sensor;
Sampling instrument: CTD;
Analyzing instrument: CTD Sensor</gco:CharacterString>
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          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: CTD Salinity;
Abbreviation: CTDSAL;
Observation type: CTD sensor;
Sampling instrument: CTD;
Analyzing instrument: CTD sensor</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Nutrients;
Abbreviation: SILCAT, NITRAT, NITRIT, PHSPHT;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Observation type: Discrete, bottle;
Sampling instrument: CTD, Niskin Bottles;
Analyzing instrument: Autoanalyser QUASIMEME calibration program</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be58">
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            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>measures gaseous carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water.

To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bee7">
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            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>CTD</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTD</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be3d">
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                <gco:CharacterString>Niskin bottle</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Niskin bottle</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth

Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle?</gco:CharacterString>
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      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be48">
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              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>nutrient autoanalyzer</gco:CharacterString>
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          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>nutrient autoanalyzer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Laboratory Instrument

Nutrient Autoanalyzer is a generic term describing an automated flow-thru system used to conduct analyses of several different nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, and silicate) simultaneously from a seawater sample.

For example:
SEAL AutoAnalyzer 3 HR Continuous Segmented Flow Analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bea4">
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            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>salinometer</gco:CharacterString>
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          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>salinometer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>generic salinometer

use salinometer when the instrument type used is unclear but the data include salinity measurements</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be41">
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            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>temperature sensor</gco:CharacterString>
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          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>temperature sensor</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>A sensor used to measure temperature.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be28">
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            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>titrator</gco:CharacterString>
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            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>titrator</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>titrator</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_aba6">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>JOHAN HJORT</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>1922 - 1931
1932 - 1956 (renamed Oscar Sund)
1958 - 1982
1991 - active</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument gco:nilReason="missing" />
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