gov.noaa.nodc:0173932 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-28T13:19:40Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Autonomous seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and pH time series from 40 surface buoys between 2004 and 2017 (NCEI Accession 0173932) 2018-06-22 publication 2018-06-19 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.7289/v5db8043 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0173932 NCEI Archive Management System 0173932 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Adrienne J. Sutton NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Adrienne.Sutton@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Adrienne Sutton NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Adrienne.Sutton@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Richard Feely NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Stacy Maenner Jones NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) stacy.maenner@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Sylvia Musielewicz University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) sylvia.musielewicz@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator John Osborne University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) John.Osborne@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Colin Dietrich NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) colin.dietrich@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Natalie Monacci University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) nmonacci@alaska.edu https://www.uaf.edu/ HTTPS University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Jessica Cross NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) jessica.cross@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Randy Bott NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Alex Kozyr Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) Alex.Kozyr@noaa.gov https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Sutton, Adrienne J. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Feely, Richard A. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Maenner Jones, Stacy NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory stacy.maenner@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Musielewicz, Sylvia University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies, under grant from NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory sylvia.musielewicz@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information author Osborne, John University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies, under grant from NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information author Dietrich, Colin NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Monacci, Natalie M. University of Alaska Fairbanks https://www.uaf.edu/ HTTPS University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) website Institution web page information author Cross, Jessica N. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Bott, Randy NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Kozyr, Alex Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information author NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset consists of the data synthesis product files that include autonomous seawater pCO2, pH, sea surface temperature and salinity time series measurements from 40 surface buoys between 2004 and 2017. Ship-based time series, some now approaching over three decades long, are critical climate records that have dramatically improved our ability to characterize natural and anthropogenic drivers of ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and biogeochemical processes. Advancements in autonomous ocean carbon observing technology over the last two decades have led to the expansion of fixed time series stations with the added capability of characterizing sub-seasonal variability. Here we present a data product of 40 autonomous moored surface ocean pCO2 and pH time series established between 2004 and 2013. These time series characterize a wide range of seawater pCO2 and pH conditions in different oceanic (17 sites) and coastal (13 sites) regimes including coral reefs (10 sites). With well-constrained daily to interannual variability and an estimate of decadal variability, these data suggest the length of time series necessary to detect an anthropogenic trend in seawater pCO2 and pH varies from 8 to 15 years at the open ocean sites, 16 to 41 years at the coastal sites, and 9 to 22 years at the coral reef sites. Only two open ocean pCO2 time series, WHOTS in the subtropical North Pacific and Stratus in the South Pacific gyre, are longer than the estimated time of emergence, and deseasoned monthly means show anthropogenic trends of 1.9+/-0.3 µatm yr-1 and 1.6+/-0.3 µatm yr-1, respectively. In the future, it is possible that updates to this product will allow for estimating anthropogenic trends at more sites; however, the product currently provides a valuable tool in an accessible format for evaluating climatology and natural variability of surface ocean carbonate chemistry in a variety of regions. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (Maintaining and expanding NOA-ON moored time-series product, OAP 1904-1904) Funding Information: Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division of NOAA's Climate Program Office, NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (High-Resolution Ocean and Atmosphere pCO2 Time-Series Measurements) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0173932 Preview graphic PNG 0173932 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2018-06-15 publication partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical physical surface measurements time series theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS moorings platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Global CO2 Time-series and Moorings Project (CDIAC) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Caribbean Sea Indian Ocean North Atlantic Ocean North Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/OAR/PMEL > Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords High-Resolution Ocean and Atmosphere pCO2 Time-Series Measurements project Research Projects EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Mooring Time series theme OCADS Study Type Moorings theme Provider Keywords SSS SST_C pCO2_air pCO2_sw pH_sw xCO2_air theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian MOORINGS platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ala Wai BOBOA BTM CCE1 CCE2 CRIMP1 CRIMP2 Cape Elizabeth Cheeca Rocks Chuuk Chá bă (LaPush) Coastal MS Crescent Reef Dabob GAKOA Gray's Reef Gulf of Maine Hog Reef Iceland JKEO KEO Kaneohe Kilo Nalu Kodiak La Parguera M2 NH-10 Papa SEAK SOFS Stratus TAO110W TAO125W TAO140W TAO155W TAO165E TAO170W TAO8S165E Twanoh WHOTS platform Provider Platforms OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > CARIBBEAN SEA OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Indian Ocean North Atlantic Ocean North Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Sutton, Adrienne J.; Feely, Richard A.; Maenner Jones, Stacy; Musielewicz, Sylvia; Osborne, John; Dietrich, Colin; Monacci, Natalie M.; Cross, Jessica N.; Bott, Randy; Kozyr, Alex (2018). Autonomous seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and pH time series from 40 surface buoys between 2004 and 2017 (NCEI Accession 0173932). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5db8043. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Sutton, A. J., Feely, R. A., Maenner-Jones, S., Musielwicz, S., Osborne, J., Dietrich, C., Monacci, N., Cross, J., Bott, R., Kozyr, A., Andersson, A. J., Bates, N. R., Cai, W.-J., Cronin, M. F., De Carlo, E. H., Hales, B., Howden, S. D., Lee, C. M., Manzello, D. P., … Weller, R. A. (2019). Autonomous seawater pCO2 and pH time series from 40 surface buoys and the emergence of anthropogenic trends. Earth System Science Data, 11(1), 421–439. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019 2019-03-26 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019 related journal article information Sutton, Adrienne J. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory author Feely, Richard A. author Maenner-Jones, Stacy author Musielwicz, Sylvia author Osborne, John author Dietrich, Colin author Monacci, Natalie University of Alaska Fairbanks author Cross, Jessica author Bott, Randy author Kozyr, Alex author Andersson, Andreas J. author Bates, Nicholas R. author Cai, Wei-Jun University of Delaware http://www.udel.edu/ HTTP University of Delaware website Institution web page information author Cronin, Meghan F. author De Carlo, Eric H. author Hales, Burke author Howden, Stephan D. author Lee, Charity M. author Manzello, Derek P. author McPhaden, Michael J. author Meléndez, Melissa author Mickett, John B. author Newton, Jan A. University of Washington author Noakes, Scott E. author Noh, Jae Hoon author Olafsdottir, Solveig R. Marine and Freshwater Research Institute https://www.hafogvatn.is/ HTTPS Marine and Freshwater Research Institute (MFRI) website Institution web page information author Salisbury, Joseph E. author Send, Uwe author Trull, Thomas W. author Vandemark, Douglas C. author Weller, Robert A. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Copernicus GmbH publisher documentDigital Earth Syst. Sci. Data 11(1) ISSN 1866-3516, pp. 421-439 crossReference project CO2 Time-series and Moorings Project 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/time_series_moorings.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/time_series_moorings.html Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -180 180 -46 68 2004-01-01 2017-12-31 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 26.368 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0173932.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.7289/v5db8043 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/173932 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/173932 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0121/0173932/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0173932 v1.1 was published. 2018-06-22T18:31:19Z NCEI Accession 0173932 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0173932/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0173932 v1.1 published 2018-06-22T18:31:19Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: seawater pCO2 at 0.5m depth; Abbreviation: pCO2_sw; Unit: µatm; Observation type: Surface time series; Uncertainty: uncertainty less than 2; Researcher name: Sutton, Adrienne J.; Researcher institution: NOAA PMEL Parameter or Variable: air pCO2 at 0.5-1m height; Abbreviation: pCO2_air; Unit: µatm; Observation type: Surface time series; Uncertainty: uncertainty less than 1; Researcher name: Sutton, Adrienne J.; Researcher institution: NOAA PMEL Parameter or Variable: air xCO2 at 0.5-1m height; Abbreviation: xCO2_air; Unit: µmol mol-1; Observation type: Surface time series; Uncertainty: uncertainty less than 1; Researcher name: Sutton, Adrienne J.; Researcher institution: NOAA PMEL Parameter or Variable: seawater pH at 0.5m depth; Abbreviation: pH_sw; Observation type: Surface time series; Uncertainty: uncertainty less than 0.02; Researcher name: Sutton, Adrienne J.; Researcher institution: NOAA PMEL Parameter or Variable: Sea surface temperature at 0.5m depth; Abbreviation: SST_C; Unit: degrees celcius; Observation type: Surface time series; Sampling instrument:; Uncertainty: uncertainty less than 0.01; Researcher name: Sutton, Adrienne J.; Researcher institution: NOAA PMEL Parameter or Variable: Sea surface salinity at 0.5m depth; Abbreviation: SSS; Observation type: Surface time series; Uncertainty: uncertainty less than 0.05; Researcher name: Sutton, Adrienne J.; Researcher institution: NOAA PMEL asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. moorings entry created as MOORINGS OF UNITED STATES, but has been used as a generic MOORINGS entry.