gov.noaa.nodc:0289123 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-04-08T17:11:49Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) SPLASH Field Study; Snow-level Radar FMCW Moments at Kettle Ponds, Colorado, 2021-09-29 to 2023-09-06 (NCEI Accession 0289123) 2024-02-28 publication 2024-02-12 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/cgta-2v72 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0289123 NCEI Archive Management System 0289123 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Bradley Ballard NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) bradley.ballard@noaa.gov https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Brad Ballard NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) bradley.ballard@noaa.gov https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information collaborator Allen White NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) allen.b.white@noaa.gov https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information collaborator Daniel Gottas NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) daniel.gottas@noaa.gov https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information collaborator Ballard, Brad NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Laboratory https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information author White, Allen NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Laboratory https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information author Gottas, Daniel NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Laboratory https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information author National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration https://www.noaa.gov/ HTTPS National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) website Institution web page information author NOAA Research https://research.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Research (OAR) website Institution web page information author NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) website Institution web page information author NOAA Physical Science Laboratory https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information author NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) https://psl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital From fall 2021 through summer 2023, NOAA and research partners conducted a field study (SPLASH - the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and Surface for Hydrometeorology). This field study established a state-of-the-art observing network in the East River watershed of the Colorado mountains with a goal of advancing weather and water prediction capabilities in areas with complex terrain. The ultimate goal of this project is improved prediction of weather and water in the Colorado mountains and beyond to inform societal preparedness and response. Among the measurements taken in this study were snow-level measurements, using a snow-level radar that utilizes modernized frequency-modulated, continuous wave (FM-CW) technology. Snow level, the altitude in the atmosphere where snow changes into rain, is a critical parameter influencing runoff in mountainous watersheds because it determines the surface area of the watershed that will be exposed to rain versus snow. When the snow level is above most or all of the terrain in a watershed, a storm is more likely to produce enough rapid runoff to cause flooding. If the snow level is low in a watershed, then a storm increases the snowpack, providing valuable storage of water for potential later use. This archive contains the raw snow-level radar moments (reflectivity, radial velocity, spectral width, and related variables) at the Kettle Ponds, Colorado site. From fall 2021 through summer 2023, NOAA and research partners will participate in the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH). This field study will install a comprehensive, state-of-the-art observing network in the East River watershed of the Colorado mountains with a goal of advancing weather and water prediction capabilities in areas with complex terrain. In combination with scientific analysis of the resulting datasets, research will apply SPLASH observations and the resulting enhanced process-understanding to evaluate and improve NOAA's latest suite of modeling tools, including the Unified Forecast System, Rapid Refresh Forecast System, and National Water Model. The ultimate goal of this project will be improved prediction of weather and water in the Colorado mountains and beyond to inform societal preparedness and response. Funding Agency: Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Funding Agency: Cooperative Institute for Research in Atmospheric Science Funding Agency: Black Swift Technologies Funding Agency: US Department of Energy Funding Agency: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Systems Laboratory (GSL) Funding Agency: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML) Funding Agency: Colorado State University Funding Agency: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Funding Agency: National Center for Atmospheric Research Funding Agency: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Laboratory Funding Agency: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Funding Agency: University of Colorado - Boulder; Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0289123 Preview graphic PNG 0289123 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2024-02-08 publication FMCWR instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS remote sensing theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS climatology theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/OAR/ESRL/PSL > Physical Sciences Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian SPLASH - Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere, and Surface for Hydrometeorology project Provider Project Names Azimuth angle Distance between range gates Elevation angle Inter-pulse period Noise amplitude Operating frequency Pulse width Radial velocity Range to first range gate Signal power Signal-to-noise ratio Site altitude Spectral width theme Provider Keywords FMCWR > Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Snow-level Radar instrument Provider Instruments CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA > COLORADO place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian YB8MY2 Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Ballard, Brad; White, Allen; Gottas, Daniel; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; NOAA Research; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA Physical Science Laboratory (2024). SPLASH Field Study; Snow-level Radar FMCW Moments at Kettle Ponds, Colorado, 2021-09-29 to 2023-09-06 (NCEI Accession 0289123). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/cgta-2v72. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Ballard, B., White, A., & Gottas, D. (2024). NOAA PSL Snow-level Radar FMCW Moments KettlePonds for SPLASH [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10552806 2024 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10552806 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10552806 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10552806 related dataset information Ballard, Brad author White, Allen author Gottas, Daniel author Zenodo publisher tableDigital crossReference project eng; USA utf8 environment climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -106.973006 -106.973006 38.942005 38.942005 2021-09-29 2023-09-06 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 19649.42 https://doi.org/10.25921/cgta-2v72 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/289123 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/289123 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0223/0289123/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0289123 v1.1 was published. 2024-02-28T21:54:22Z NCEI Accession 0289123 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0289123/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0289123 v1.1 published 2024-02-28T21:54:22Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: Site altitude (measured); Units: meters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Snow-level Radar Parameter or Variable: Operating frequency (measured); Units: Gigahertz x 10^5; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Snow-level Radar Parameter or Variable: Azimuth angle (measured); Units: degrees; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Snow-level Radar Parameter or Variable: Elevation angle (measured); Units: degrees; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Snow-level Radar Parameter or Variable: Inter-pulse period (measured); Units: microseconds; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Snow-level Radar Parameter or Variable: Pulse width (measured); Units: nanoseconds; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Snow-level Radar Parameter or Variable: Range to first range gate (measured); Units: meters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Snow-level Radar Parameter or Variable: Distance between range gates (measured); Units: meters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Snow-level Radar Parameter or Variable: Radial velocity (measured); Units: meters per second; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Snow-level Radar Parameter or Variable: Signal-to-noise ratio (measured); Units: dB; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Snow-level Radar; Data Quality Method: not range corrected Parameter or Variable: Signal power (measured); Units: dB; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Snow-level Radar; Data Quality Method: not range corrected Parameter or Variable: Spectral width (measured); Units: meters per second; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Snow-level Radar Parameter or Variable: Noise amplitude (measured); Units: dB; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Snow-level Radar asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian FMCWR FMCWR Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar FMCW radar (Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave radar = FMCW radar) is a special type of radar sensor which radiates continuous transmission power like a simple continuous wave radar (CW-Radar). In contrast to this CW radar FMCW radar can change its operating frequency during the measurement: that is, the transmission signal is modulated in frequency (or in phase). Possibilities of Radar measurements ​​through runtime measurements are only technically possible with these changes in the frequency (or phase).