gov.noaa.nodc:DISL_ARCOS eng utf8 series NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-01-26T22:26:07Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Alabama Near Coastal Meteorological & Hydrographic Continuous Data Sampling from 2003 to present 2018-08-22 publication 2021-03-05 revision 2013-12-12 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/3edp-9d76 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:DISL_ARCOS NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Lei Hu Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL) lhu@disl.org https://www.disl.edu/ HTTPS Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Mimi Tzeng Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL) mtzeng@disl.org https://www.disl.edu/ HTTPS Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL) https://www.disl.edu/ HTTPS Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Dauphin Island Sea Lab https://www.disl.edu/ HTTPS Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL) website Institution web page information author Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL) https://www.disl.edu/ HTTPS Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital The Alabama Real-time Coastal Observing System (ARCOS) with support of the Dauphin Island Sea Lab is a network of continuously sampling observing stations that collect observations of meteorological and hydrographic data from fixed stations operating across coastal Alabama. Data were collected from 2003 through the present and include parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, solar and quantum radiation, barometric pressure, wind speed, wind direction, precipitation amounts, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, water height, and other water quality data. Stations, when possible, are designed to collect the same data in the same way, though there are exceptions given unique location needs (see individual accession abstracts for details). Stations are strategically placed to sample across salinity gradients, from delta to offshore, and the width of the coast. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. Funding Agency: NOAA RESTORE Science Program onGoing historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:DISL_ARCOS Preview graphic PNG 0114998 0117372 0117373 0117374 0117375 0117376 0117377 0118645 0122658 0140527 0140929 0141137 0141138 0141139 0141140 0141141 0159579 0159581 0159582 0159583 0159584 0159585 0159586 0172587 0172809 0172810 0172811 0172945 0172946 0172947 0187195 0187374 0187480 0187481 0187482 0187483 0187988 0209068 0209108 0209135 0209196 0209197 0209224 0209227 0224292 0224293 0224647 0224648 0224981 0225237 0225238 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2021-01-08 publication AIR TEMPERATURE AIR TEMPERATURE - DRY BULB BAROMETRIC PRESSURE biological data CHLOROPHYLL CONDUCTIVITY CURRENT DIRECTION CURRENT SPEED DEPTH - OBSERVATION DEPTH - SENSOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN FLUORESCENCE INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION JULIAN YEAR - DAY OPTICAL OPTICAL PROPERTIES OXYGEN - PERCENT SATURATION PERCENT OXYGEN pH PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR) PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION AMOUNT RELATIVE HUMIDITY SALINITY SOLAR RADIATION - ATMOSPHERIC turbidity WATER LEVEL WATER TEMPERATURE WAVE - PEAK PERIOD WAVE DATA WAVE DIRECTION WAVE HEIGHT WAVE PERIOD WIND DIRECTION WIND DIRECTION - AVERAGE WIND SPEED WIND SPEED - AVERAGE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS ADCP anemometer barometer barometric pressure sensor bucket conductivity sensor fluorometer humidity sensor meteorological sensor multi-parameter water quality sensor oxygen sensor PAR Sensor pressure sensor pyranometer rain gauge spectrophotometer temperature probe thermistor thermometer instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS biological chemical continuous current measurements in situ meteorological moored buoy optical physical profile time series water chemistry theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS moored buoys platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Dauphin Island Sea Lab dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Dauphin Island Sea Lab dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Mobile Bay National Estuary Program (MBNEP) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Coastal Waters of Alabama Gulf of Mexico place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication Mobile Bay Environmental Monitoring Programs project Programs Alabama Real-time Coastal Observing System Alabama Real-time Coastal Observing Systems Alabama Real-time Coastal Observing Systems (ARCOS) Mobile Bay Environmental Monitoring Program Mobile Bay Environmental Monitoring Program, Alabama Real-Time Coastal Observing System Mobile Bay Environmental Monitoring Programs Mobile Bay Environmental Monitoring Programs, Alabama Real-time Coastal Observing System project Provider Project Names Alabama Department of Conservation Dauphin Island Sea Lab Mobile County project Provider Project Types EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > SOLAR RADIATION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > SURFACE TEMPERATURE > AIR TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > WATER VAPOR INDICATORS > HUMIDITY > RELATIVE HUMIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND DIRECTION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND SPEED EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > PRECIPITATION AMOUNT EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > SEA SURFACE HEIGHT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CHLOROPHYLL EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CIRCULATION > OCEAN CURRENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > FLUORESCENCE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > TURBIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > WAVE HEIGHT EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > WAVE PERIOD EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WAVES > WAVE SPEED/DIRECTION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > CONDUCTIVITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Current Direction Current Magnitude Current Profile Current Speed Current Velocity Estuarine NEMO Real Time Surface Current Vertical Profile Water Height Wave Direction Wave Height Wave Period air temperature barometric pressure continuous monitoring dissolved oxygen dissolved oxygen mg/L dissolved oxygen percent hydrographic meteorological monitoring near real-time precipitation quantum radiation relative humidity salinity solar radiation water depth water level water quality water temperature wind direction wind speed theme Originator Keywords Dissolved Oxygen Percent Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Quantum Radiation Solar Radiation Water Height theme Provider Data Types Air temperature Barometric pressure Display Height Dissolved Oxygen Dissolved Oxygen Percent Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Julian Day Julian date Precipitation Quantum Radiation Relative humidity Salinity Solar Radiation Water Height Water temperature Wind direction Wind speed theme Provider Keywords ADCP > Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ANEMOMETERS > ANEMOMETERS BAROMETERS > BAROMETERS CONDUCTIVITY METERS > CONDUCTIVITY METERS FLUOROMETERS > FLUOROMETERS HUMIDITY SENSORS > HUMIDITY SENSORS OPTSPEC > Optical Spectrometer OXYGEN METERS > OXYGEN METERS PAR SENSORS > Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensors PRESSURE SENSORS > PRESSURE SENSORS PYRANOMETERS > PYRANOMETERS PYROMETERS RAIN GAUGES > RAIN GAUGES SALINOMETERS TEMPERATURE PROBES > TEMPERATURE PROBES THERMISTORS > THERMISTORS THERMOMETERS > THERMOMETERS WAVE HEIGHT GAUGES WIND MONITOR > WIND MONITOR instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Campbell Sci. Temperature and RH Probe HMP45AC Li-Cor Quantum Sensor LI-190SB Li-Cor Quantum Sensor LI-200X-L Optical Dissolved Oxygen sensor R.M. Young Wind Monitor Stainless Steel Gauge Tipping Rain Bucket Gaage Vaisala Barometer PTB101B electrode cell with autoranging thermistor instrument Provider Instrument Types Barometer Campbe Sci. Temperature and RH Probe HMP45AC Campbell Scientific Temperature and Relative Humidity Probe HC2S3 Campbell Scientific Temperature and Relative Humidity Probe HMP45AC Electrode cell with Autoranging Li-Cor Quantum Sensor LI-190SB Li-Cor Quantum Sensor LI-200X-L Optical Dissolved Oxygen sensor Pyronometer Quantum Sensor R.M. Young Wind Monitor Stainless Steel Gauge Stainless Steel Guage Tipping Rain Bucket Gauge Tipping Rain Bucket Guage Vaisala Barometer PTB101B Vaisala HMP 45C Humidity and temperature probe Vaisala HMP45AC Humidity and temperature probe Vaisala HMP45C Humidity and temperature probe instrument Provider Instruments BUOYS platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF AMERICA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF MEXICO place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Alabama Baldwin County Battleship Parkway Bon Secour Causeway Cedar Point DISL Dauphin Island Dauphin Island Sea Lab Gulf of Mexico Katrina Cut Meaher State Park Middle Bay Light Middle Bay Lighthouse Mississippi Sound Mobile Mobile Bay Mobile Ship Channel Orange Beach Perdido Pass Spanish Fort place Originator Place Names Alabama Coast Alabamaa Dauphin Island Dauphin Island, Alabama Mississippi Sound Mobile Bay Mobile Bay, Alabama place Provider Place Names Mobile Bay, Alabama, Gulf of Mexico place Provider Place Types Mobile Bay place Provider Sea Names 1BLHCE 27MPYX 3745RA 39EJN1 3TFTEB 40XU2A 5U4922 65070A 66FGDM 68KABU 6TKHCM 72DJ0K 741UGN 76043U 76AX4X 7K3L5P 8KBGEY 92TWB1 9A6D4P ATDF4L C2UA7E C42LFU CYJ6YL E1RAUN GX3RHG H1WMGX H7MBUF HLPNGC JTXYJ4 N2DF0A N4YRTH NAK1TU NC1HM3 NP9E1B P9CUB6 PYG79B T24AAC U4KE0B UDR7UH X7U97K XP847M YD5G2R Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: Public otherRestrictions Cite as: Dauphin Island Sea Lab (2018). Alabama Near Coastal Meteorological & Hydrographic Continuous Data Sampling from 2003 to present. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/3edp-9d76. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. My Mobile Bay 2018 publication http://www.mymobilebay.com/ HTTP www.mymobilebay.com/ Data Visualization Page information Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL) https://www.disl.edu/ HTTPS Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -88.21 -87.56 30.09 30.67 2003-02-24 The value of coastal observing systems is recognized by the U.S. Congress, the National Ocean Partnership Program, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration. Reports by the Pew Oceans Commission and U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy have decried the lack of information from near coastal waters on which to base management decisions and recommended monitoring programs linked to strong research. Reasons for continuous, real-time observations of meteorological and hydrographic parameters include (1) continuous characterization of spatial and temporal patterns of change in water quality, (2) development of a permanent record of significant and human caused changes in environmental indicators over time, and (3) support for research and management activities through the availability of consistent, scientifically valid data. An additional benefit of real-time observation is the potential for the public to track and learn about water quality conditions. The Dauphin Island Sea Lab has worked with many partners and funding agencies to provide continuous meteorological and hydrographic data from across the Alabama coast for a variety of stakeholders, improving coastal research, decision-making, and environmental literacy. Near real-time data are available in a user-friendly format at www.mymobilebay.com. Informative pop-ups describe each parameter and graphs of each may be displayed for the visitor to the website. Researchers may download the data in a spreadsheet format for further analysis. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. CSV XML 3485.032 https://doi.org/10.25921/3edp-9d76 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/granule/geoportal/?from=0&size=10&esdsl=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22analyze_wildcard%22%3Atrue%2C%22query%22%3A%22fileid%3ADISL_ARCOS.*%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%7D#searchPanel HTTPS Web browser Granule Search Search for data granules belonging to this collection (a granule is the smallest aggregation of data that can be independently described and retrieved). search series NCEI Accession 0114998 v1.1 was published. 2013-12-17T15:59:34Z NCEI Accession 0117377 v1.1 was published. 2014-04-04T10:31:32Z NCEI Accession 0117376 v1.1 was published. 2014-04-04T10:34:20Z NCEI Accession 0117373 v1.1 was published. 2014-04-04T10:42:39Z NCEI Accession 0117372 v1.1 was published. 2014-04-04T10:47:30Z NCEI Accession 0117375 v1.1 was published. 2014-04-04T10:52:32Z NCEI Accession 0117374 v1.1 was published. 2014-04-04T10:55:35Z NCEI Accession 0114998 was revised and v2.2 was published. 2014-04-07T15:50:28Z NCEI Accession 0118645 v1.1 was published. 2014-05-20T13:55:09Z NCEI Accession 0122658 v1.1 was published. 2014-10-16T14:28:15Z NCEI Accession 0140527 v1.1 was published. 2016-01-15T14:26:47Z NCEI Accession 0140929 v1.1 was published. 2016-01-22T14:58:18Z NCEI Accession 0141138 v1.1 was published. 2016-01-26T12:52:46Z NCEI Accession 0141137 v1.1 was published. 2016-01-26T12:57:13Z NCEI Accession 0141139 v1.1 was published. 2016-01-26T13:01:15Z NCEI Accession 0141140 v1.1 was published. 2016-01-26T13:09:16Z NCEI Accession 0141141 v1.1 was published. 2016-01-26T19:19:17Z NCEI Accession 0159585 v1.1 was published. 2017-02-10T15:15:30Z NCEI Accession 0159579 v1.1 was published. 2017-02-10T15:15:41Z NCEI Accession 0159581 v1.1 was published. 2017-02-10T15:15:52Z NCEI Accession 0159582 v1.1 was published. 2017-02-10T15:16:02Z NCEI Accession 0159586 v1.1 was published. 2017-02-10T15:20:14Z NCEI Accession 0159584 v1.1 was published. 2017-02-10T15:25:16Z NCEI Accession 0159583 v1.1 was published. 2017-02-10T15:26:15Z NCEI Accession 0172587 v1.1 was published. 2018-04-24T10:32:21Z NCEI Accession 0172809 v1.1 was published. 2018-04-26T09:46:24Z NCEI Accession 0172810 v1.1 was published. 2018-04-26T09:58:21Z NCEI Accession 0172811 v1.1 was published. 2018-04-27T12:29:10Z NCEI Accession 0172945 v1.1 was published. 2018-05-01T11:32:23Z NCEI Accession 0172946 v1.1 was published. 2018-05-01T11:33:09Z NCEI Accession 0172947 v1.1 was published. 2018-05-01T11:38:10Z NCEI Accession 0187481 v1.1 was published. 2019-04-16T23:18:51Z NCEI Accession 0187480 v1.1 was published. 2019-04-16T23:19:04Z NCEI Accession 0187195 v1.1 was published. 2019-04-16T23:19:17Z NCEI Accession 0187483 v1.1 was published. 2019-04-17T13:56:24Z NCEI Accession 0187374 v1.1 was published. 2019-04-18T17:53:20Z NCEI Accession 0187988 v1.1 was published. 2019-05-09T12:25:25Z NCEI Accession 0187482 v1.1 was published. 2019-05-09T13:01:29Z NCEI Accession 0209068 v1.1 was published. 2020-02-12T21:19:25Z NCEI Accession 0209196 v1.1 was published. 2020-03-10T20:33:09Z NCEI Accession 0209197 v1.1 was published. 2020-03-10T20:57:48Z NCEI Accession 0209135 v1.1 was published. 2020-03-10T20:58:13Z NCEI Accession 0209224 v1.1 was published. 2020-03-24T17:07:25Z NCEI Accession 0209227 v1.1 was published. 2020-03-25T10:50:40Z NCEI Accession 0209108 v1.1 was published. 2020-03-26T15:24:27Z NCEI Accession 0224648 v1.1 was published. 2021-02-19T22:01:51Z NCEI Accession 0225238 v1.1 was published. 2021-02-19T23:50:20Z NCEI Accession 0225237 v1.1 was published. 2021-02-19T23:50:33Z NCEI Accession 0224292 v1.1 was published. 2021-03-05T21:01:41Z NCEI Accession 0224981 v1.1 was published. 2021-03-05T21:02:05Z NCEI Accession 0224293 v1.1 was published. 2021-03-05T21:03:15Z NCEI Accession 0224647 v1.1 was published. 2021-03-05T21:03:28Z asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian ADCP ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler The Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measures currents beneath a ship while underway. Sound signals sent from the moving ship bounce back to receivers aboard the ship. This provides a profile of water movement relative to the ship-precise modern navigation, allowing the ship's motion to be subtracted from the data. These devices are also used on moorings and profilers and, along with acoustic backscattering, measure animal biomass. Particles in the path of the sound waves, mostly plankton, reflect a small part of the sound energy back toward receivers, allowing researchers to make remote estimates of the sizes and numbers of animals present in the water column. Before the 1970's, the most technologically advanced instrument used to measure water velocity was known as a Doppler speed log. This evolved into the first commercial ADCP, produced in the mid-1970's, which used averaging. Later in the 1970's, the first vessel-mounted ADCP was developed to measure water velocity more accurately and to allow measurement in range cells over a depth profile. As instruments evolved, so did new techniques in Doppler signal processing. Initially, Doppler speed logs used simple analog signal processing methods, which are still used in some commercial speed logs today. However, the first ADCPs incorporated analog-to-digital signal conversion over a narrow communication bandwidth. Around 1990, this technique was developed into broadband signal processing. Since then, broadband ADCPs have been able to generate very accurate, real-time velocity measurements. anemometer anemometer measures wind speed An anemometer is an instrument that measures wind speed. Note that an aerovane (insttypes_id 175) is an anemometer which has a tail and a propeller to measure the speed and direction of the wind. barometer barometer Barometers are instruments for measuring atmospheric pressure; two types include mercury barometers and aneroid barometers. barometric pressure sensor barometric pressure sensor instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure. bucket bucket bucket conductivity sensor conductivity sensor OMEGA non-contact conductivity sensor CDCN-108 or Honeywell DirectLine DL423 Sensor Module, for example Water conductivity sensors are used to measure how well a solution conducts an electrical current. fluorometer fluorometer fluorometer humidity sensor humidity sensor HUMIDITY SENSORS are devices that receive a signal or stimulus (as heat or pressure or light or motion etc.) and responds to it, in this case humidity or some measure of the water vapor content of air. meteorological sensor meteorological sensor Any meteorological sensor, but also see specific instruments such as aerovane, anemometer, etc. multi-parameter water quality sensor multi-parameter water quality sensor used to measure temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and other parameters Instrument used to measure temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and other parameters, often used to measure water quality parameters. Can be a hand-held instrument or a sonde for unattended monitoring. Often used in coastal water monitoring stations. YSI is the preeminent brand (as of 2024). oxygen sensor oxygen sensor Any instrument that measures oxygen content in a compound. PAR Sensor PAR Sensor Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensor The PAR sensor measures global solar radiation from 400 to 700 nm, which approximates the spectral band active in photosynthesis. The response of the instrument falls sharply to zero on either side of this band, and between 400 and 670 nm it increases monotonically from about 50% to 100%. There is no protective glass dome over the receiving surface. Irradiance from the sun passes through a small white visible bandpass filter/diffuser in the shape of a horizontal disk at the top of the instrument. Within the instrument radiation is directed through a series of colored glass filters and onto a silicon photodiode detector. The factory-supplied calibration converts the signal from the detector to a flux of photons in micro-mole (of photons) s-1 m-2. (One micro-mole equals 6.022 E17 photons.) For the solar spectrum, these units may be converted to watts per square meter by dividing by 4.6. (http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/instrument/par.htm) pressure sensor pressure sensor GCMD instruments - In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Pressure/Height Meters > PRESSURE SENSORS ASFA Thesaurus - pressure sensors http://www4.fao.org/asfa/asfa.htm pyranometer pyranometer Instrument that measure solar radiation. rain gauge rain gauge A device to measure the amount of liquid precipitation The definition of liquid precipitation is any form of water falling from the sky as rain. Rain gauge measures the amount of liquid precipitation. spectrophotometer spectrophotometer spectrophotometer, optical spectrometer, spectrograph or spectroscope An optical spectrometer (spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. Butler, L. R. P.; Laqua, K. (1995). "Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-IX. Instrumentation for the spectral dispersion and isolation of optical radiation (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)". Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 67 (10): 1725–1744. doi:10.1351/pac199567101725. A spectrometer is the general term for describing a combination of spectral apparatus with one or more detectors to measure the intensity of one or more spectral bands." temperature probe temperature probe For example, OMEGA temperature probe PR-11-2-100-1/8-6-e Vaisala HUMICAP® Humidity and Temperature Probe HMP155 thermistor thermistor electronic temperature sensor thermally sensitive resistor thermometer thermometer generic thermometer or reversing thermometer use thermometer when temperature is a data type, but the exact instrument used to measure temperature is unknown moored buoys created for MOORED BUOYS OF ITALY, but became used as a generic MOORED BUOY keyword. see platforms_id 13759.