gov.noaa.nodc:0206289 eng utf8 model NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-04-24T13:07:34Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Global surface ocean pH, acidity, and Revelle Factor on a 1x1 degree global grid from 1770 to 2100 (NCEI Accession 0206289) 2019-12-06 publication 2022-01-14 revision 2019-11-01 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/kgqr-9h49 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0206289 NCEI Archive Management System 0206289 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Li-Qing Jiang Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) liqing.jiang@noaa.gov https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information resourceProvider University of Maryland, College Park (UMD) https://www.umd.edu/ HTTPS University of Maryland, College Park (UMD) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Li-Qing Jiang Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) liqing.jiang@noaa.gov https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Brendan Carter University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) Brendan.Carter@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Richard Feely NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Siv K. Lauvset University of Bergen sivk@norceresearch.no principalInvestigator Are Olsen Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Are.Olsen@gfi.uib.no https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Jiang, Li-Qing Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information author Carter, Brendan R. University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) website Institution web page information author Feely, Richard A. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Lauvset, Siv K. University of Bergen author Olsen, Are Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) contributor University of Maryland, College Park (UMD) https://www.umd.edu/ HTTPS University of Maryland, College Park (UMD) website Institution web page information contributor University of Bergen contributor NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset contains spatial distribution of surface ocean pH (total hydrogen scale), acidity (or hydrogen ion activity, unit: nmol/kg, or 10^-9 mol/kg) and Revelle Factor (a measure of the ocean's buffer capacity, unitless) on a 1x1 degree global grid (Longitude: [20.5:1:379.5], Latitude: [-89.5:1:89.5]) in all 12 months of the years from 1770 to 2100 (1770, 1780, 1790, ..., 2100). This data product is produced by combining a recent observational seawater carbon dioxide (CO2) data product, i.e., the 6th version of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (1991-2018, ~23 million observations), with temporal trends at individual locations of the global ocean from a robust Earth System Model (ESM2M), to provide a high-resolution regionally varying view of global surface ocean pH, acidity, and the Revelle Factor. The climatology extends from the pre-Industrial era (1770 C.E.) to the end of this century under historical atmospheric CO2 concentrations (pre-2005) and the Representative Concentrations Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5, post-2005) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s 5th Assessment Report (AR5). By linking the modeled pH trends to the observed modern pH distribution, the climatology benefits from recent improvements in both model design and observational data coverage, and is likely to provide improved regional OA trajectories than the model output could alone, therefore, will help guide the regional OA adaptation strategies. Revelle Factor is defined as the ratio between the fractional change in pCO2 to the fractional change in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). This dataset is available in netCDF format. Some plots and animation files are also available for your presentation purposes. For details of the calculation and gridding method, please refer to Jiang, L.-Q., B. R. Carter, R. A. Feely, S. Lauvset, and A. Olsen (2019), Surface ocean pH and buffer capacity: past, present and future, Nature Scientific Reports, 9:18624, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55039-4. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (Scientific stewardship of the OADS project (Jiang NCEI), 17910) Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) (Ocean Acidification Data Stewardship (OADS) Project) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded NCEI Accession 0206289 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0206289 Preview graphic PNG 0206289 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2019-11-01 publication pH theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS model output theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory University of Bergen University of Maryland, College Park dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS University of Maryland, College Park dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NODC Ocean Acidification Scientific Data Stewardship (OADS) US DOC; NOAA; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Indian Ocean North Atlantic Ocean North Pacific Ocean South Atlantic Ocean South Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean World-Wide Distribution place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/OAR/PMEL > Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Climatology Model output theme OCADS Study Type H+ Revelle Factor pH theme Provider Variable Abbreviations GEOGRAPHIC REGION > GLOBAL OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Global Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Jiang, Li-Qing; Carter, Brendan R.; Feely, Richard A.; Lauvset, Siv K.; Olsen, Are (2019). Global surface ocean pH, acidity, and Revelle Factor on a 1x1 degree global grid from 1770 to 2100 (NCEI Accession 0206289). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/kgqr-9h49. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Jiang, L.-Q., Carter, B. R., Feely, R. A., Lauvset, S. K., & Olsen, A. (2019). Surface ocean pH and buffer capacity: past, present and future. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55039-4 2019-12-09 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55039-4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55039-4 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55039-4 journal article information Jiang, Li-Qing author Carter, Brendan R. author Feely, Richard A. author Lauvset, Siv K. author Olsen, Are author Springer Science and Business Media LLC publisher documentDigital Sci Rep 9(1) ISSN 2045-2322 crossReference project Jiang, Li-Qing; Feely, Richard A. (2015). Aragonite saturation state gridded to 1x1 degree latitude and longitude at depth levels of 0, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 meters in the global oceans (NCEI Accession 0139360). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5q81b4p. 2015-12-17 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.7289/v5q81b4p NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0139360 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0139360.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0139360.html Related dataset information Jiang, Li-Qing Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information author Feely, Richard A. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -179.5 179.5 -89.5 89.5 1770-01-01 2100-12-31 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 1259.124 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0206289.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/kgqr-9h49 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/206289 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/206289 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0150/0206289/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0206289 v1.1 was published. 2019-12-06T18:36:25Z NCEI Accession 0206289 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0206289/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0206289 v1.1 published 2019-12-06T18:36:25Z download NCEI Accession 0206289 was revised and v1.2 was published. Additional metadata files were received or created for this dataset. These updates were copied into the about/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2022-01-14T07:07:30Z NCEI Accession 0206289 v1.2 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0206289/1.2 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0206289 v1.2 published 2022-01-14T07:07:30Z download model Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH; pH scale: Total hydrogen scale; Observation type: Model output; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: calculated; Calculation method and parameters: Please refer to Jiang et al. (2019) for more details.; At what temperature was pH reported: in-situ SST; Researcher name: Li-Qing Jiang; Researcher institution: University of Maryland Parameter or Variable: Hydrogen ion activity; Abbreviation: H+; Unit: nmol/kg (or 10^-9 mol/kg); Observation type: Model output; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: calculated; Researcher name: Li-Qing Jiang; Researcher institution: University of Maryland Parameter or Variable: Revelle Factor; Abbreviation: Revelle Factor; Unit: unitless; Observation type: Model output; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: calculated; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Revelle Factor is a measure of the ocean's buffer capacity for the carbonate system in seawater or freshwater. It is defined as the ratio between the fractional change in pCO2 to the fractional change in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (Eqn. 1) at constant temperature, salinity and TA25. The higher the Revelle factor, the lower the ocean's buffer capacity, and the faster the change of pCO2 in the ocean at a given DIC change.; Researcher name: Li-Qing Jiang; Researcher institution: University of Maryland asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian