gov.noaa.nodc:AmSam-Coral_Communities eng utf8 series NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-19T12:21:09Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Status of coral communities in American Samoa: a survey of long-term monitoring sites, 1992-2002 2001-11-26 publication 2026-01-26 revision 1998 creation 2002 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:AmSam-Coral_Communities NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Charles Birkeland University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) https://manoa.hawaii.edu/ HTTPS University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Douglas Fenner American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources resourceProvider Craig Mundy University of Tasmania (UTAS) Craig.Mundy@utas.edu.au http://www.utas.edu.au HTTP University of Tasmania (UTAS) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Alison Green The Nature Conservancy agreen@tnc.org https://www.nature.org/en-us/ HTTPS The Nature Conservancy website Institution web page information resourceProvider Steve L. Coles Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum slcoles@bishopmuseum.org http://www.bishopmuseum.org HTTP Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum website Institution web page information resourceProvider Alan Friedlander The University of Hawaiʻi System (UH) https://www.hawaii.edu/ HTTPS The University of Hawaiʻi System (UH) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Barry D. Smith University of Guam resourceProvider Oceanic Institute (OI) http://www.oceanicinstitute.org/ HTTP Oceanic Institute (OI) website Institution web page information resourceProvider US DOI/USGS - Honolulu resourceProvider American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources resourceProvider University of Tasmania (UTAS) http://www.utas.edu.au HTTP University of Tasmania (UTAS) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority resourceProvider The Nature Conservancy https://www.nature.org/en-us/ HTTPS The Nature Conservancy website Institution web page information resourceProvider University of Guam resourceProvider Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum http://www.bishopmuseum.org HTTP Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum website Institution web page information resourceProvider Birkeland, Charles U.S. Geological Survey https://www.usgs.gov/ HTTPS United States Geological Survey (USGS) website Institution web page information author Fisk, David Apia Samoa author Smith, Barry University of Guam author Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN) https://mun.ca/ HTTPS Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN) website Institution web page information contributor Oceanic Institute (OI) http://www.oceanicinstitute.org/ HTTP Oceanic Institute (OI) website Institution web page information contributor US DOI/USGS - Honolulu contributor American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources contributor University of Tasmania (UTAS) http://www.utas.edu.au HTTP University of Tasmania (UTAS) website Institution web page information contributor Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority contributor The Nature Conservancy https://www.nature.org/en-us/ HTTPS The Nature Conservancy website Institution web page information contributor University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) https://manoa.hawaii.edu/ HTTPS University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) website Institution web page information contributor Mie Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station contributor Meteorological Society of Japan contributor University of Guam contributor Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum http://www.bishopmuseum.org HTTP Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset includes data from surveys of coral communities in the American Samoa Archipelago covering the island of Tutuila and the Manu'a Group of islands (Ofu, Olosega, and Tau) in 1995, 1998, and 2002. Data were analysed to investigate changes in coral colony size structure, cover, and density, and to interpret community dynamics. This dataset also includes a systematic inventory of conspicuous marine macro-invertebrates observations. The principle objective was to assess the status of coral communities and to provide detailed analysis of temporal change between the initial baseline coral survey of 1995 and the present survey of 2002. A second objective was to recommend areas for future consideration for inclusion into Marine National Parks. Funding: Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:AmSam-Coral_Communities Preview graphic PNG 0000622 0000735 0001470 0001955 0001972 0001976 0002177 0066319 0068364 0068717 9800197 9900054 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 1999-05-19 publication BENTHIC COMMUNITIES biological data CORAL CORAL - BLEACHING CORAL - CENSUS CORAL - COLONY SIZE CORAL - SPECIES IDENTIFICATION FISH - CORAL REEF FISH SPECIES FISHERY SURVEY INVERTEBRATE SPECIES MACROINVERTEBRATE CENSUS MARINE SPECIES INVENTORY REEF AND/OR BOTTOM REGIME - PERCENT COVER SPECIES - PERCENT OCCURRENCE SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SUBSTRATUM PERCENT COVER theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS camera GPS laboratory analysis photograph swimmer/diver visual estimate visual observation instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS benthic biological composition & location site samples survey survey - biological survey - coral reef survey - swimmer/diver visual estimate theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS SWIMMER/DIVER platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Memorial University of Newfoundland Meteorological Society of Japan Mie Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station Oceanic Institute The Nature Conservancy University of Guam University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa University of Tasmania US DOI/USGS - Honolulu dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Oceanic Institute The Nature Conservancy University of Guam University of Tasmania US DOI/USGS - Honolulu dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS COASTAL Coral Reef Information System (CoRIS) CORAL REEF STUDIES project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary South Pacific Ocean Southwest Pacific Ocean (limit-147 E to 140 W) place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NODC > National Oceanographic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOI/USGS > U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior TNC > The Nature Conservancy dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian American Samoa Coral Ecosystem Assessment project Originator Project Names Numeric Data Sets > Benthic Numeric Data Sets > Biology Numeric Data Sets > Oceanography theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > AGRICULTURE > AGRICULTURAL AQUATIC SCIENCES > FISHERIES EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > FISH EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE ECOSYSTEMS > BENTHIC EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE ECOSYSTEMS > REEF > CORAL REEF EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > CORAL REEFS > CORAL BLEACHING EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES > COASTAL LANDFORMS > CORAL REEFS theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Algae Census Coastal studies Coral Coral reef Coral reef monitoring and assessment Coral species abundance Corals (branching, digitate, encrusting, foliaceous, massive, mushroom, plate) Invertebrate (ascidian, clam, hydrozoan, soft coral, sponge, urchin algae - CCA) Invertebrate (individual counts per 100 m2, abundance) Macroalgae Macroalgae (encrusting, blue green, Halimeda, macroalgae, crustose coralline Non-living (crevice/hole; reef matrix, rubble, sand) Non-living substrate Numeric Data Sets Numeric Data Sets - benthic Numeric Data Sets - biology Numeric Data Sets - oceanographic Size distribution of colonies benthic data (identification by species, per cent coverage): biological data coastal data coral colony diameter coral species coral table top recruits fish species fish species list mean adult biomass of each of the 12 most abundant fish families mean adult density of each of the 12 most abundant fish families mean adult species richness of each of the 12 most abundant fish families mean density of crown of thorns starfish mean density of most abundant juvenile fishes mean density of the most abundant species of butterflyfish observations of coral bleaching on the reef slope percent coverage of each benthic type (by species) size of 2 main species size of 4 main families size structure of 4 main families species richness substratum cover (percent) by category total and relative abundance of family total and relative abundance of species zooanthid theme Originator Keywords abundance algae species coral bleaching (per cent) coral colony density coral colony size coral percent cover coral population size structure coral species degree of bleaching marine organisms nonindigenous and crytogenic marine species number of coral colonies reef fish species taxa total biota theme Originator Parameters CAMERA > CAMERA GPS RECEIVERS > GPS RECEIVERS VISUAL OBSERVATIONS > VISUAL OBSERVATIONS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian SWIMMER/DIVER (ICES code: 33DV) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN > POLYNESIA > SAMOA place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian American Samoa Fagasa Bay Fagatele Bay Ofu Pago Pago Harbor South Pacific Ocean Tutuila Vatia Bay place Originator Locations American Samoa Aunu'u, Aunu'u Ofu, Asaga Ofu, Hurricane House Ofu, Hurricane House, lagoon Ofu, Ofu Village Ofu, Vaoto Lodge, lagoon Olosega, Olosega Village Olosega, Sili Rose Atoll South Pacific Swains Island Ta'u, Afuli Ta'u, Faga Ta'u, Fagamalo Ta'u, Lepula Tutuila, Amanave Tutuila, Aoa Tutuila, Aua Tutuila, Faga'alu Tutuila, Fagafue Tutuila, Fagaitua Tutuila, Fagamalo Tutuila, Fagasa Tutuila, Fagatele Tutuila, Fatumafuti Tutuila, Leloaloa Tutuila, Leone Tutuila, Masefau Tutuila, Nu'uuli Tutuila, Onesosopo Tutuila, Utulei Tutuila, Vatia Upolu, Ewa Upolu, Fagaloa Upolu, Faleasi'u Upolu, Lefaga Upolu, Poutari Upolu, Sa'anapu Upolu, Vaitele Western Samoa place Originator Place Keywords Afuli Amanave Amaua American Samoa Aoa Asaga Aua Aunu'u Aunu'u Island Cape Larsen Faga Faga'alu Fagafue Fagaitua Fagamalo Fagamalo Cove Faganeanea Fagasa Fagatele Fagatele Bay Fagatele National Marine Sanctuary Fatu Rock Fatumafuti Leloaloa Leone Lepula Masacre Masefau Massacre Bay Nu'uuli Ofu Island Ofu Village Olesega Elementary School Onenoa Onesosopo Pacific Ocean Pago Pago Rainmaker Rainmaker Hotel Sili Sita Bay South Pacific South Pacific Ocean Taema Banks Tafeu Tutuila Tutuila Island Utelei Vatia the Manua Group of islands (Ofu, Olosega, and Tau) place Originator Place Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Birkeland, Charles; Fisk, David; Smith, Barry (2001). Status of coral communities in American Samoa: a survey of long-term monitoring sites, 1992-2002. 2002. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/AmSam-Coral_Communities. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Fisk, David and Birkeland, Charles, 2002. Status of Coral Communities in American Samoa. DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES AMERICAN SAMOA GOVERNMENT, AUGUST 2002. 2002 publication https://americansamoa-data.sprep.org/resource/status-coral-communities-volcanic-islands-american-samoa-re-survey-long-term-monitoring HTTPS https://americansamoa-data.sprep.org/resource/status-coral-communities-volcanic-islands-american-samoa-re-survey-long-term-monitoring related report information Fisk, David author Birkeland, Charles author DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES, AMERICAN SAMOA GOVERNMENT publisher documentDigital [accessed 2026-01-26] crossReference project eng; USA utf8 environment oceans biota -172.9 -168.13 -14.38 -11.03 1992-01-02 2008-12-31 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 66.604 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/AmSam-Coral_Communities HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/granule/geoportal/?from=0&size=10&esdsl=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22analyze_wildcard%22%3Atrue%2C%22query%22%3A%22fileid%3AAmSam-Coral_Communities.*%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%7D#searchPanel HTTPS Web browser Granule Search Search for data granules belonging to this collection (a granule is the smallest aggregation of data that can be independently described and retrieved). search series NCEI Accession 0000622 v1.1 was published. 2001-11-26T13:47:41Z NCEI Accession 0000735 v1.1 was published. 2002-06-19T12:31:10Z NCEI Accession 9800197 v1.1 was published. 2002-11-19T19:40:22Z NCEI Accession 9900054 v1.1 was published. 2002-11-19T19:40:22Z NCEI Accession 0001470 v1.1 was published. 2004-05-24T17:33:44Z NCEI Accession 0001955 v1.1 was published. 2004-12-30T15:20:21Z NCEI Accession 0001972 v1.1 was published. 2005-01-12T13:53:21Z NCEI Accession 0001976 v1.1 was published. 2005-01-14T13:30:08Z NCEI Accession 0002177 v1.1 was published. 2005-05-16T10:47:32Z NCEI Accession 0066319 v1.1 was published. 2010-08-09T20:19:31Z NCEI Accession 0068364 v1.1 was published. 2010-11-05T20:04:58Z NCEI Accession 0068717 v1.1 was published. 2010-11-23T19:45:40Z NCEI Accession 0000735 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2013-03-15T19:07:13Z NCEI Accession 0001470 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2022-01-03T14:37:42Z NCEI Accession 0000622 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2026-01-26T15:42:27Z NCEI Accession 9900054 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2026-01-26T15:46:28Z NCEI Accession 0001955 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2026-01-26T17:38:30Z NCEI Accession 0001972 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2026-01-26T17:44:34Z NCEI Accession 0002177 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2026-01-26T20:00:18Z repository NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015. 2015-04-22T00:00:00 asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian camera camera An instrument for recording images. GPS GPS Global Positioning System receiver satellite-based instrument used for geo-location, positioning and navigation laboratory analysis laboratory analysis use as an observation type photograph photograph still images used as the basis for making parameter determinations swimmer/diver swimmer/diver not an instrument - use as observation type visual estimate visual estimate not an instrument - maybe an observation type visual observation visual observation not an instrument - maybe an observation type SWIMMER/DIVER SWIMMER/DIVER