noaa-icecore-13219 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2023-11-23 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Polar Ice Cores 19th Century Nitrate Data 2012-08-10 publication doi:10.25921/ptj2-v049 noaa-icecore-13219 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Wolff, E.W. originator Wolff, E.W. author Bigler, M. originator Bigler, M. author Curran, M.A.J. originator Curran, M.A.J. author Dibb, J. originator Dibb, J. author Frey, M.M. originator Frey, M.M. author Legrand, M. originator Legrand, M. author McConnell, J.R. originator McConnell, J.R. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Ice Core. The data include parameters of ice cores with a geographic location of Antarctica. The time period coverage is from 111 to 69 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past temperature, precipitation, atmospheric trace gases, and other aspects of climate and environment derived from ice cores drilled on glaciers and ice caps around the world. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-icecore.png Paleoclimatology - Ice Core PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Ice Core Records Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Ice Core Records theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice core > chemistry theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian What: nitrate; Material: bulk ice What: sample identification; Material: null What: nitrate; Material: bulk ice What: ammonium; Material: bulk ice What: black carbon; Material: bulk ice What: ice age; Material: null What: ammonium; Material: bulk ice What: vanillic acid; Material: bulk ice What: depth; Material: null What: depth; Material: null What: ice age; Material: null What: nitrate; Material: bulk ice What: nitrate; Material: bulk ice What: depth; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Continent > Antarctica > Law Dome > LATITUDE -66.73 > LONGITUDE 112.83 Continent > North America > Greenland > Zoe > LATITUDE 72.6 > LONGITUDE -38.3 Continent > North America > Greenland > NEEM > LATITUDE 77.45 > LONGITUDE -51.066667 Continent > North America > Greenland > D4 > LATITUDE 71.4 > LONGITUDE -43.9 Continent > Antarctica > ITASE 02-1 > LATITUDE -82 > LONGITUDE -110.01 Continent > North America > Greenland > NGT B20 > LATITUDE 78.83 > LONGITUDE -36.5 Continent > Antarctica > ITASE 00-5 > LATITUDE -77.67 > LONGITUDE -123.98 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Wolff, E.W.; Bigler, M.; Curran, M.A.J.; Dibb, J.; Frey, M.M.; Legrand, M.; McConnell, J.R. (2012-08-10): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Polar Ice Cores 19th Century Nitrate Data. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/ptj2-v049. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. The Carrington event not observed in most ice core nitrate records 2012 publication Wolff, E.W., M. Bigler, M.A.J. Curran, J.E. Dibb, M.M. Frey, M. Legrand, J.R. McConnell author Geophysical Research Letters publisher https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051603 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2012 Wolff, E.W., M. Bigler, M.A.J. Curran, J.E. Dibb, M.M. Frey, M. Legrand, J.R. McConnell, 2012: The Carrington event not observed in most ice core nitrate records. Geophysical Research Letters, 39, , 10.1029/2012GL051603 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 1839 CE to 1881 CE; Date Range: 111 cal yr BP to 69 cal yr BP; -123.98 112.83 -82 78.83 1839 1881 STUDY NOTES: High-resolution 19th Century nitrate data from 7 polar ice cores, examined for evidence of a nitrate spike resulting from the Carrington solar energetic particle event of 1859. Three Antarctic and 4 Greenland ice cores were examined. Biomass burning indicator variables (ammonium, black carbon, and/or vanillic acid) are also reported for some of the Greenland ice cores. These data files would allow the construction of the previously unpublished curves in figures 2-4 of Wolff et al. 2012. Ice Core Locations: Site Latitude Longitude Law Dome Antarctic 66.78°S 112.82°E ITASE00-5 Antarctic 77.6°S 123.99°W ITASE02-1 Antarctic 82.00°S 110.01°W D4 Greenland 71.4°N 44.0°W Zoe, Summit Greenland 72.6°N 38.3°W NEEM Greenland 77.45°N 51.06°W (NGT)B20 Greenland 78.83°N 36.50°W ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: The Carrington Event of 1859 is considered to be among the largest space weather events of the last 150 years. We show that only one out of 14 well-resolved ice core records from Greenland and Antarctica has a nitrate spike dated to 1859. No sharp spikes are observed in the Antarctic cores studied here. In Greenland numerous spikes are observed in the 40 years surrounding 1859, but where other chemistry was measured, all large spikes have the unequivocal signal, including co-located spikes in ammonium, formate, black carbon and vanillic acid, of biomass burning plumes. It seems certain that most spikes in an earlier core, including that claimed for 1859, are also due to biomass burning plumes, and not to solar energetic particle (SEP) events. We conclude that an event as large as the Carrington Event did not leave an observable, widespread imprint in nitrate in polar ice. Nitrate spikes cannot be used to derive the statistics of SEPs. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/ptj2-v049 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/13219 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/ice-core HTTPS Information NCEI Ice Core Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/wolff2012_Zoe_NO3-noaa.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/wolff2012_NGTB20_NO3-noaa.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/wolff2012_NEEM_NO3-noaa.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/wolff2012_ITASE021_NO3-noaa.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/wolff2012_ITASE005_NO3-noaa.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/wolff2012_DSS99_NO3-noaa.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/wolff2012_D4_NO3-noaa.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21