noaa-icecore-17826 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2024-04-01 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - GISP2 Ice Core Isotope Concentrations in Trapped Air 1997-11-30 publication doi:10.25921/jp3n-1f18 noaa-icecore-17826 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Sowers, T. originator Sowers, T. author Brook, E.J. originator Brook, E.J. author Etheridge, D.M. originator Etheridge, D.M. author Blunier, T. originator Blunier, T. author Fuchs, A. originator Fuchs, A. author Leuenberger, M. originator Leuenberger, M. author Chappellaz, J.A. originator Chappellaz, J.A. author Barnola, J.-M. originator Barnola, J.-M. author Wahlen, M. originator Wahlen, M. author Deck, B. originator Deck, B. author Weyhenmeyer, C. originator Weyhenmeyer, C. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Ice Core. The data include parameters of ice cores with a geographic location of Greenland. The time period coverage is from 38646 to 169 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past temperature, precipitation, atmospheric trace gases, and other aspects of climate and environment derived from ice cores drilled on glaciers and ice caps around the world. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-icecore.png Paleoclimatology - Ice Core PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Ice Core Records Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Ice Core Records theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice cores earth science > paleoclimate > ice core > atmospheric gas theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian What: delta 18O; Material: bulk atmosphere What: delta 18O; Material: oxygen gas What: delta CO2/N2; Material: bulk atmosphere What: depth at sample start; Material: null What: sample identification; Material: null What: depth at sample end; Material: null What: delta 15N; Material: nitrogen gas What: delta 15N; Material: nitrogen gas What: delta CO2/N2; Material: bulk atmosphere What: delta 18O; Material: bulk atmosphere What: ice age at sample start; Material: null What: delta 18O; Material: oxygen gas What: delta O2/Ar; Material: bulk atmosphere What: depth; Material: null What: delta O2/N2; Material: bulk atmosphere What: delta Ar/N2; Material: bulk atmosphere What: delta O2/N2; Material: bulk atmosphere What: ice age at sample end; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Continent > North America > Greenland > GISP2 > LATITUDE 72.583333 > LONGITUDE -38.466667 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Sowers, T.; Brook, E.J.; Etheridge, D.M.; Blunier, T.; Fuchs, A.; Leuenberger, M.; Chappellaz, J.A.; Barnola, J.-M.; Wahlen, M.; Deck, B.; Weyhenmeyer, C. (1997-11-30): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - GISP2 Ice Core Isotope Concentrations in Trapped Air. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/jp3n-1f18. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. An interlaboratory comparison of techniques for extracting and analyzing trapped gases in ice cores 1997 publication Todd Sowers, Ed Brook, David Etheridge, Thomas Blunier, Andreas Fuchs, Markus Leuenberger, Jerome Chappellaz, Jean Marc Barnola, Martin Wahlen, Bruce Deck, Connie Weyhenmeyer author Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans publisher https://doi.org/10.1029/97JC00633 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 1997 Todd Sowers, Ed Brook, David Etheridge, Thomas Blunier, Andreas Fuchs, Markus Leuenberger, Jerome Chappellaz, Jean Marc Barnola, Martin Wahlen, Bruce Deck, Connie Weyhenmeyer, 1997: An interlaboratory comparison of techniques for extracting and analyzing trapped gases in ice cores. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 102, 26527-26538, 10.1029/97JC00633 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 38646 cal yr BP to 169 cal yr BP; -38.466667 -38.466667 72.583333 72.583333 Study Coordinates 72.583333 -38.466667 -36696 1781 STUDY NOTES: Gas isotopes from 72 - 2235 meters depth. All data are presented using the delta notation where the standard is the present day atmosphere. The numbers in the column headings refer to the mass of the gas in question (ie. 32=16 O2, oxygen, 28=14 N2, nitrogen, 40=argon, 44 = CO2). ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: We undertook an interlaboratory comparison of techniques used to extract and analyze trapped gases in ice cores. The intercomparison included analyses of standard reference gases and samples of ice from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) site. Concentrations of CO2, CH4, the d18O of O2, the d15N of N2, and the O2/N2, and Ar/N2 ratios were measured in air standards and ice core samples. The standard reference scales for CO2 and CH4 were consistent at the +/-2% level. The dO2/N2 and d18O of O2 measurements showed substantial deviations between the two laboratories able to measure these ratios. The deviations are probably related to errors associated with calibration of the working standards. The dArN2 and d15N of N2 measurements were consistent. Five laboratories analyzed the CH4 concentration in a 4.2-m section of the GISP2 ice core. The average of 20 discrete CH4 measurements was 748+/-10 parts per billion by volume (ppbv). The standard deviation of these measurements was close to the total analytical uncertainty associated with the measurements. In all cases, those laboratories employing a dry extraction technique determined higher CH4 values than laboratories using a wet extraction technique. The origin of this difference is unclear but may involve uncertainties associated with blank corrections. Analyses of the CO2 concentration of trapped gases showed extreme variations which cannot be explained by analytical uncertainties alone. Three laboratories measured the [CO2] on 21 discrete depths yielding an average value of 283+/-13 parts per million by volume (ppmv). In this case, the standard deviation was roughly a factor of 2 greater than the analytical uncertainties. We believe the variability in the measured [CO2] results from impurities in the ice which may have compromised the [CO2] of trapped gases in Greenland ice. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/jp3n-1f18 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/17826 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/ice-core HTTPS Information NCEI Ice Core Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/gases/gascomp.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/gases/gas.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21