gov.noaa.nodc:NSF-LMER-CRETM eng utf8 series NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-05-12T01:35:09Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) National Science Foundation (NSF) Land-Margin Ecosystem Research (LMER) Columbia River Estuarine Turbidity Maximum (CRETM) program data, 1990-1999 2001-04-16 publication 2026-05-12 revision 1998 creation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:NSF-LMER-CRETM NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher António M. Baptista Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/ HTTP Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) website Institution web page information resourceProvider David A. Jay Portland State University (PSU) djay@cecs.pdx.edu http://www.pdx.edu/ HTTP Portland State University (PSU) website Institution web page information resourceProvider John Baross University of Washington (UW) jbaross@u.washington.edu resourceProvider Charles A. Simenstad University of Washington (UW) resourceProvider Fredrick G. Prahl Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (OSU-CEOAS) fprahl@coas.oregonstate.edu http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/ HTTP Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (OSU-CEOAS) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Sidney Stillwaugh US National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ HTTPS US National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) website Institution web page information resourceProvider University of Washington, Fisheries Research Institute (UW-FRI) resourceProvider US National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ HTTPS US National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology (OGIST) resourceProvider Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (OSU-CEOAS) http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/ HTTP Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (OSU-CEOAS) website Institution web page information resourceProvider University of Washington (UW) resourceProvider Charles A. Simenstad University of Washington (UW) principalInvestigator Simenstad, Charles A. University of Washington author University of Washington Columbia River Estuarine Turbidity Maximum Project author Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON) http://www.lumcon.edu HTTP Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON) website Institution web page information contributor University of Washington, Fisheries Research Institute (UW-FRI) contributor University of California, Davis https://www.ucdavis.edu HTTPS University of California, Davis website Institution web page information contributor UW School of Oceanography http://www.ocean.washington.edu HTTP UW School of Oceanography website Institution web page information contributor Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology (OGIST) contributor Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (OSU-CEOAS) http://ceoas.oregonstate.edu/ HTTP Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences (OSU-CEOAS) website Institution web page information contributor University of Washington (UW) contributor tableDigital This dataset includes geochemical, physical, and biological data collected in the Columbia River Estuary and the Fraser River from 1990 to 1999 as part of the Columbia River Estuary Turbidity Maxima (CRETM) research project. This dataset includes temperature, salinity, sigma-theta, and current meter data, as well as optical backscattering, chlorophyll a concentration, beam attenuation, and percent transmissivity measurements of pure water from pump casts and associated CTD casts. This dataset also includes zooplankton species, individual densities, total densities, phaeopigments, suspended particulate matter (SPM), particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate nitrogen, particulate organic nitrogen, rates of primary production per hour, and other microbiological data. CTD data, unless otherwise noted, were taken on the downcast and the resulting salinity and temperature profiles were used to select pump depths on the following upcast. The CRETM project, part of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Land-Margin Ecosystem Research (LMER) research program, is an ecosystem-scale, interdisciplinary investigation of the role of estuarine turbidity maxima (ETM) in shaping the food web of the Columbia River estuary. To understand how circulation phenomena in the estuary, called estuarine turbidity maxima (ETM), trap particles and promote biogeochemical, microbial and ecological processes that sustain a dominant pathway in the estuary's food web. completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:NSF-LMER-CRETM Preview graphic PNG 0000004 0000029 0000035 0000045 0000384 0000420 9800145 9800148 9800193 9900159 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 1999-10-21 publication AIR TEMPERATURE AIR TEMPERATURE - WET BULB AMMONIA (NH3) AMMONIUM (NH4) Attenuation/Transmission bacteria BAROMETRIC PRESSURE CARBON - CARBON 14 ASSIMILATION CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-113 (CFC-113) CHLOROPHYLL CHLOROPHYLL A cloud amount/frequency cloud type CONDUCTIVITY CURRENT DIRECTION CURRENT METER - EAST-WEST COMPONENT (U) CURRENT METER - NORTH-SOUTH COMPONENT (V) CURRENT SPEED DELTA CARBON-13 DEPTH - OBSERVATION DEPTH - SENSOR DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON DISSOLVED OXYGEN FLUORESCENCE HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE LIGHT ATTENUATION LIGHT TRANSMISSION MANGANESE METALS MICROBIOLOGY NITRATE NITRITE NITROGEN - PARTICULATE NUTRIENTS OPTICAL BACKSCATTER OPTICAL PROPERTIES PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON pH PHAEOPHYTIN PHAEOPIGMENT CONCENTRATION PHAEOPIGMENTS phosphate PHYTOPLANKTON PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY SALINITY Secchi depth SIGMA-T silicate SOUND VELOCITY SPECIES IDENTIFICATION - SUBSPECIES suspended solids total alkalinity TRACE METALS TRANSMISSIVITY VISIBILITY WATER DENSITY WATER TEMPERATURE WIND DIRECTION WIND SPEED ZOOPLANKTON DENSITIES ZOOPLANKTON IDENTITIES ZOOPLANKTON SPECIES IDENTITIES theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS bottle chromatograph CTD current meter - PCM fluorometer net - plankton net pump casts pump sampler transmissometer instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS biological chemical continuous current measurements geological integrated profiles laboratory analyses optical physical profile pump cast time series tows tows - plankton tows water chemistry theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS Don Raul FIXED PLATFORM OF UNITED STATES R/V Clifford A. Barnes R/V WECOMA ROBERT GORDON SPROUL UNKNOWN PLATFORMS OF UNITED STATES platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences University of California, Davis University of Washington University of Washington, Fisheries Research Institute UW School of Oceanography dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington University of Washington, Fisheries Research Institute US National Oceanographic Data Center dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARINE TURBIDITY MAXIMUM RESEARCH PROGRAM (CRETM) LAND-MARGIN ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH (LMER) Long-Term Ecological Research Program (LTER) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Coastal Waters of Washington/Oregon Columbia River estuary - Washington/Oregon Fraser River estuary - British Columbia North Pacific Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NODC > National Oceanographic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce OR-STATE/CEOAS > College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University UWA/OCEAN > School of Oceanography, University of Washington dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian LMER > Land Margin Ecosystem Research Project LTER > Long-Term Ecological Research project Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > SURFACE TEMPERATURE > AIR TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND DIRECTION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND SPEED EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > CLOUDS > CLOUD PROPERTIES > CLOUD FREQUENCY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > CLOUDS > CLOUD TYPES EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > BACTERIA/ARCHAEA EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > PROTISTS > PLANKTON > PHYTOPLANKTON EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS > PRIMARY PRODUCTION EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS > PLANKTON > ZOOPLANKTON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN ACOUSTICS > ACOUSTIC VELOCITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > AMMONIA EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CHLOROPHYLL EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRITE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITROGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NUTRIENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PHOSPHATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PIGMENTS > CHLOROPHYLL EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > SILICATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > SUSPENDED SOLIDS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CIRCULATION > OCEAN CURRENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > ATTENUATION/TRANSMISSION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > FLUORESCENCE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > SECCHI DEPTH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN PRESSURE > WATER PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > CONDUCTIVITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > DENSITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth CURRENT METERS FLUOROMETERS > FLUOROMETERS GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS > GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS PLANKTON NETS TRANSMISSOMETERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian FIXED OBSERVATION STATIONS > FIXED OBSERVATION STATIONS platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian CLIFFORD A. BARNES (call sign: WRN5495, ICES code: 33CB, 1982-) ROBERT GORDON SPROUL (call sign: WSQ2674, ICES code: 32QU, 1981-) WECOMA (call sign: WSD7079, ICES code: 32WC, 1976-) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN > GULF OF ALASKA place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Simenstad, Charles A.; Columbia River Estuarine Turbidity Maximum Project (2001). National Science Foundation (NSF) Land-Margin Ecosystem Research (LMER) Columbia River Estuarine Turbidity Maximum (CRETM) program data, 1990-1999. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/NSF-LMER-CRETM. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Columbia River Estuary Turbidity Maxima (CRETM): A US National Science Foundation (NSF) Land-Margin Ecosystem Research (LMER) Project 2001 publication https://depts.washington.edu/cretmweb/ HTTPS https://depts.washington.edu/cretmweb/ project website information Sarah Butler University of Washington (UW) pointOfContact University of Washington (UW) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2025-12-28] crossReference project eng; USA utf8 environment oceans geoscientificInformation climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere biota -124.04 -122 45 49.5 1990-09-26 1999-07-18 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 24.328 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/NSF-LMER-CRETM HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/granule/geoportal/?from=0&size=10&esdsl=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22analyze_wildcard%22%3Atrue%2C%22query%22%3A%22fileid%3ANSF-LMER-CRETM.*%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%7D#searchPanel HTTPS Web browser Granule Search Search for data granules belonging to this collection (a granule is the smallest aggregation of data that can be independently described and retrieved). search series NCEI Accession 0000004 v1.1 was published. 2001-04-16T04:00:00Z NCEI Accession 0000029 v1.1 was published. 2001-04-16T04:00:00Z NCEI Accession 0000035 v1.1 was published. 2001-04-16T04:00:00Z NCEI Accession 0000045 v1.1 was published. 2001-04-16T04:00:00Z NCEI Accession 0000384 v1.1 was published. 2001-04-16T04:00:00Z NCEI Accession 0000420 v1.1 was published. 2001-04-16T04:00:00Z NCEI Accession 9800145 v1.1 was published. 2002-11-19T19:40:22Z NCEI Accession 9800148 v1.1 was published. 2002-11-19T19:40:22Z NCEI Accession 9800193 v1.1 was published. 2002-11-19T19:40:22Z NCEI Accession 9900159 v1.1 was published. 2002-11-19T19:40:22Z NCEI Accession 0000004 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2013-03-13T14:14:10Z NCEI Accession 0000029 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2013-03-13T14:30:10Z NCEI Accession 0000045 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2013-03-13T14:34:23Z NCEI Accession 0000035 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2013-03-14T19:57:06Z NCEI Accession 0000384 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2013-03-16T01:23:27Z NCEI Accession 9800148 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2023-02-16T10:36:49Z NCEI Accession 9900159 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2023-02-16T13:17:53Z NCEI Accession 0000420 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2025-07-09T12:18:27Z NCEI Accession 0000029 was revised and v1.3 was published. 2026-02-25T19:24:45Z NCEI Accession 0000045 was revised and v1.3 was published. 2026-02-25T21:09:25Z NCEI Accession 9800145 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2026-05-05T21:42:54Z NCEI Accession 9800193 was revised and v1.2 was published. 2026-05-12T00:47:28Z repository NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015. 2015-04-22T00:00:00 asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian bottle bottle any type of water bottle sampling device Generic name for water collection device; usually used to determine temperature, salinity and provide water aliquots for measurement of a wide range of parameters; often referred to by a specific type of water sampling bottle, such as a Nansen or Niskin bottle. chromatograph chromatograph Gas, ion, liquid or other chromatograph CTD CTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe current meter - PCM current meter - PCM profiling current meter current meter that is lowered (and perhaps raised) throught he water column. fluorometer fluorometer fluorometer net - plankton net net - plankton net net - plankton net pump casts pump casts use pump sampler pump sampler pump sampler generic name for instrument that pumps water from depth to be filtered through a sieve transmissometer transmissometer transmissometer Instrument used to measure transmissivity in NODC File Alias F022. Don Raul Fishing boat; FIXED PLATFORM OF UNITED STATES FIXED PLATFORM OF UNITED STATES R/V Clifford A. Barnes R/V; owned by the National Science Foundation and operated under a Charter Party agreement by the School of Oceanography at the University of Washington as part of the UNOLS fleet. R/V WECOMA R/V WECOMA is owned by the National Science Foundation and operated under a Cooperative Agreement by Oregon State University, College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences. ROBERT GORDON SPROUL Flag: United States Type: Research Vessel Operator: Scripps UNKNOWN PLATFORMS OF UNITED STATES UNKNOWN PLATFORMS OF UNITED STATES