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            <gco:CharacterString>CRED and partners: Environmental Monitoring of Coral Bleaching and Disease in the Hawaiian Islands; Belt Surveys of Coral Population and Disease Assessments at Maui, Hawaii in 2010</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>The field data described herein are part of a joint NESDIS-NMFS project aimed at advancing the understanding of the occurrence, abundance, and outbreak of coral bleaching and disease in the Hawaiian Archipelago through expanded field surveys and in-situ and remotely-sensed temperature data. To this end Line-Point-Intercept (LPI), belt-transect surveys of coral population, and diseases quantitative assessments were conducted on MAUI in the MAIN HAWAIIAN ISLANDS by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) and partners. At the specific sites, coral biologists conducted Line-Point-Intercept (LPI) and coral belt surveys, focused at quantifying the composition, relative abundance, density, and size-class distribution of the anthozoan and hydrozoan corals, as well as the condition and health state of the coral populations. The surveys were conducted along two consecutively-placed, 25m transect lines. The LPI surveys documented the composition of the coral reef community at 25 or 50cm intervals, for 50 or 100 points per transect. The belt width was 1-m wide (0.5-m on each side of the transect line), for community structure assessments, and 2-m wide (1.0-m on each side of the transect line), for coral condition and health surveys. Within each 25m transect, up to 15, 1.0-meter segments were surveyed, whereby in each segment, all coral colonies whose center fell within 0.5m of either side of the transect line were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible (genus or species) and colony size visually estimated and binned by its maximum diameter in one of 7 size classes: 0-5cm, 5-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-80cm, 80-160cm, or &gt;160cm. When a coral colony exhibited signs of disease or compromised health, additional information was recorded including type of affliction (bleaching, skeletal growth anomaly, white syndrome, tissue loss other than white syndrome, trematodiasis, necrosis, other, pigmentation responses, algal overgrowth, and predation), severity of the affliction (mild, moderate, marked, severe, acute), as well as photographic documentation and sometimes tissue samples. Raw survey data included species presence and relative abundance, colony counts per taxon, size (width and length), mortality, predation, and health status. The surveyed area ranged from 25m2 to 50m2 per site.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Bernardo Vargas, Erin Looney, Jason Helyer, Jeff Anderson, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Sciences Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Darla White, Department of Aquatic Resources (DAR), Division of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR), State of Hawaii, and Megan Ross, University of Hawaii</gco:CharacterString>
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>MHI</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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        <gmd:MD_Constraints>
          <gmd:useLimitation>
            <gco:CharacterString>While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor dies the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:useLimitation>
        </gmd:MD_Constraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
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            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:useConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Use Constraints: Please cite CRED when using the data. Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:accessConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Access Constraints: Data are available two years following data collection date.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_SecurityConstraints>
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              <gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                <gco:Decimal>-155.978956</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
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              </gmd:southBoundLatitude>
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            <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent id="boundingTemporalExtent">
              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="d1e34">
                  <gml:beginPosition>2010-04-01</gml:beginPosition>
                  <gml:endPosition>2010-11-30</gml:endPosition>
                </gml:TimePeriod>
              </gmd:extent>
            </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
          </gmd:temporalElement>
        </gmd:EX_Extent>
      </gmd:extent>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Maximum depth was 15 meters. Coral genera and diseases observed: YEAR ISLAND SP_CODE SPECIES_NAME 2010 MAUI MCAP Montipora capitata 2010 MAUI MPAT Montipora patula 2010 MAUI MFLA Montipora flabellata 2010 MAUI PCOM Porites compressa 2010 MAUI PEYD Pocillopora eydouxi 2010 MAUI PDAM Pocillopora damicornis 2010 MAUI PMEA Pocillopora meandrina 2010 MAUI PLOB Porites lobata 2010 MAUI PMON Porites montinulosa 2010 MAUI PRUS Porites rus 2010 MAUI PVAR Pavona varians 2010 MAUI PDUE Pavona duerdeni 2010 MAUI PNIE Psammocora nierstaszi YEAR ISLAND DZ_CODE DISEASE_NAME 2010 MAUI BLE Bleaching 2010 MAUI FUG Endolithic hypermycosis 2010 MAUI DIS Discolorations 2010 MAUI SGA Skeletal growth anomalies 2010 MAUI TLS Tissue loss 2010 MAUI PRS Pigmentation response 2010 MAUI TRE Trematodiasis</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:voice>
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                      </gmd:voice>
                      <gmd:facsimile>
                        <gco:CharacterString>808 725-5429</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:facsimile>
                    </gmd:CI_Telephone>
                  </gmd:phone>
                  <gmd:address>
                    <gmd:CI_Address>
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                      <gmd:deliveryPoint>
                        <gco:CharacterString>NMFS/PIFSC/CRED</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>USA</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>None if receiving the data online</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:MD_MediumFormatCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MediumFormatCode" codeListValue="iso9660">iso9660</gmd:MD_MediumFormatCode>
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    <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
      <gmd:scope>
        <gmd:DQ_Scope>
          <gmd:level>
            <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode" codeListValue="dataset">dataset</gmd:MD_ScopeCode>
          </gmd:level>
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          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Horizontal Positional Accuracy</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:measureDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>Instrument parameters</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:Record>1</gco:Record>
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        </gmd:DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy>
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      <gmd:report>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Vertical Positional Accuracy Report</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Dive computer and SCUBA depth gauge</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>The survey sites were selected to be representative for this type of work. Efforts were made to include broad spatial coverage of the reef area, but weather conditions or other environmental constraints may have precluded some surveys.</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="unknown" />
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                <gco:CharacterString>Surveys are investigations that provide a high degree of taxonomic resolution for coral. The majority of surveys were conducted along the forereef slopes at depths between 3 and 20 m. During surveys, the biological assessment team follows highly structured protocols that are repeated at each site. The selection of survey sites was made in close consultation local partners. Factors considered during site selection included: (1) budgetary feasibility; (2) accessibility; (3) replicability; (4) overlap with other local/Federal monitoring efforts; and (5) NOAA-CRCP programmatic site prioritization.</gco:CharacterString>
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  <gmd:metadataMaintenance>
    <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
      <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="annually">annually</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
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        <gco:CharacterString>This metadata was automatically generated from the the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata standard (version FGDC-STD-001-1998 ?? ?? ?? ?? W:\ProjectGroup\DataManagement\metadata\metadata\REA\Coral\_templates\cred_rea_corals_template_for_08_09_Cruises_20090605_BVA edits_HYW edits.doc) using the 2016-01-11 version of the FGDC RSE to ISO 19115-2 transform.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Translated from FGDC 2025-03-24T16:20:50.559Z</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:voice>
                    <gco:CharacterString>808 725-5360</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:voice>
                  <gmd:facsimile>
                    <gco:CharacterString>808 725-5429</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:facsimile>
                </gmd:CI_Telephone>
              </gmd:phone>
              <gmd:address>
                <gmd:CI_Address>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>NOAA IRC</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:deliveryPoint>
                    <gco:CharacterString>NMFS/PIFSC/CRED</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:deliveryPoint>
                    <gco:CharacterString>1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:city>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Honolulu</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:country>
                    <gco:CharacterString>USA</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:country>
                  <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                    <gco:CharacterString>nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:contactInstructions>
                <gco:CharacterString>e-mail preferred</gco:CharacterString>
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          </gmd:contactInfo>
          <gmd:role>
            <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="pointOfContact">pointOfContact</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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