gov.noaa.nodc:0287551 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-27T13:17:13Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) RFR-LME Ocean Acidification Indicators from 1998 to 2024 (NCEI Accession 0287551) 2024-02-01 publication 2025-09-17 revision 2024-01-23 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/h8vw-e872 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0287551 NCEI Archive Management System 0287551 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Jonathan D. Sharp University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) Jonathan.Sharp@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information resourceProvider University of Washington (UW) resourceProvider Jonathan D. Sharp University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) Jonathan.Sharp@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Li-Qing Jiang Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) liqing.jiang@noaa.gov https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Brendan Carter University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) brendan.carter@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Paige D. Lavin University of Maryland Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, under grant from NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research paige.lavin@noaa.gov principalInvestigator Hyelim Yoo University of Maryland Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, under grant from NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information hyelim.yoo@noaa.gov principalInvestigator Scott Cross NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Scott.Cross@noaa.gov principalInvestigator Sharp, Jonathan D. University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information author Jiang, Li-Qing Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information author Carter, Brendan R. University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information author Lavin, Paige D. University of Maryland Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, under grant from NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research author Yoo, Hyelim University of Maryland Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, under grant from NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author Cross, Scott L. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) website Institution web page information contributor NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) contributor University of Maryland, College Park (UMD) https://www.umd.edu/ HTTPS University of Maryland, College Park (UMD) website Institution web page information contributor University of Washington (UW) contributor tableDigital Dataset Description: Gridded monthly data products of surface ocean acidification indicators from 1998 to 2024 and on a 0.25° by 0.25° spatial grid have been developed for eleven U.S. Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) using a machine learning algorithm called random forest regression (RFR). The data products are called RFR-LMEs, and were constructed using observations from the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas — co-located with surface ocean properties from various satellite, reanalysis, and observational products — with an approach that utilized two types of machine learning algorithms: (1) Gaussian mixture models to cluster the data into subregions with similar environmental variability and (2) RFRs that were trained and applied separately in each cluster to interpolate the observational data in space and time. RFR-LMEs also rely on previously published seawater property estimation routines to obtain the full suite of ocean acidification indicators. The products show a domain-wide carbo n dioxide partial pressure increase of 1.6 ± 0.4 μatm yr−1 and pH decrease of 0.0015 ± 0.0004 yr−1. More information on the creation and validation of RFR-LMEs is available in the following publication: Sharp, J.D., Jiang, L., Carter, B.R., Lavin, P.D., Yoo, H., Cross, S.L., 2024. A mapped dataset of surface ocean acidification indicators in large marine ecosystems of the United States. Scientific Data, 11, 715, 10.1038/s41597-024- 03530-7. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (Temporal changes of ocean acidification indicators in the U.S. Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) - an operational data product at NOAA/NCEI, 21925) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded NCEI Accession 0287551 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0287551 Preview graphic PNG 0287551 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2025-09-17 publication DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water pH theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer pH sensor titrator instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical model output theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information University of Maryland, College Park University of Washington dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS University of Washington dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) US DOC; NOAA; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Arctic Ocean Gulf of America Gulf of Mexico North Atlantic Ocean North Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/STAR > Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Model output theme OCADS Study Type CO3 DIC H Omega_Aragonite Omega_Calcite RF TA fCO2 pCO2 pH theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS PH METERS > PH METERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF AMERICA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF MEXICO OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Sharp, Jonathan D.; Jiang, Li-Qing; Carter, Brendan R.; Lavin, Paige D.; Yoo, Hyelim; Cross, Scott L. (2024). RFR-LME Ocean Acidification Indicators from 1998 to 2024 (NCEI Accession 0287551). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/h8vw-e872. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Jiang, Li-Qing; Dunne, John P.; Carter, Brendan R.; Tjiputra, Jerry; Terhaar, Jens; Sharp, Jonathan D.; Olsen, Are; Alin, Simone R.; Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Feely, Richard A.; Hogan, Patrick; Ilyina, Tatiana; Lange, Nico; Lauvset, Siv K.; Lovato, Tomas; Palmiéri, Julien; Santana-Falcón, Yeray; Schwinger, Jörg; Séférian, Roland; Strand, Gary; Swart, Neil C.; Tanhua, Toste; Tsujino, Hiroyuki; Wanninkhof, Rik; Watanabe, Michio; Yamamoto, Akitomo; Ziehn, Tilo (2022). Global surface ocean acidification indicators from 1750 to 2100 (NCEI Accession 0259391). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/9ker-bc48. 2022-08-31 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25921/9ker-bc48 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0259391 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0259391.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0259391.html Related dataset information Jiang, Li-Qing Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information author Dunne, John P. NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) website Institution web page information author Carter, Brendan R. University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information author Tjiputra, Jerry NORCE Norwegian Research Centre https://www.norceresearch.no/en/ HTTPS NORCE Norwegian Research Centre website Institution web page information author Terhaar, Jens Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern author Sharp, Jonathan D. University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information author Olsen, Are University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute author Alin, Simone R. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Bakker, Dorothee C. E. University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences https://www.uea.ac.uk/ HTTPS University of East Anglia (UEA) website Institution web page information author Feely, Richard A. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Hogan, Patrick NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) website Institution web page information author Ilyina, Tatiana Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg author Lange, Nico GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Lauvset, Siv K. NORCE Norwegian Research Centre https://www.norceresearch.no/en/ HTTPS NORCE Norwegian Research Centre website Institution web page information author Lovato, Tomas Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici author Palmiéri, Julien National Oceanography Centre https://noc.ac.uk/ HTTPS National Oceanography Centre (NOC) website Institution web page information author Santana-Falcón, Yeray French National Center for Scientific Research https://www.cnrs.fr/ HTTPS French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) website Institution web page information author Schwinger, Jörg NORCE Norwegian Research Centre https://www.norceresearch.no/en/ HTTPS NORCE Norwegian Research Centre website Institution web page information author Séférian, Roland French National Center for Scientific Research https://www.cnrs.fr/ HTTPS French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) website Institution web page information author Strand, Gary National Center for Atmospheric Research https://ncar.ucar.edu/ HTTPS National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) website Institution web page information author Swart, Neil C. University of Victoria https://www.uvic.ca/ HTTPS University of Victoria (UVic) website Institution web page information author Tanhua, Toste GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Tsujino, Hiroyuki Meteorological Research Institute Japan author Wanninkhof, Rik NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information author Watanabe, Michio Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information author Yamamoto, Akitomo Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information author Ziehn, Tilo Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans 140 -58 -18 82 1998-01-01 2024-12-31 This data package (Submission ID: BHAXLR4SD) was acquired by NCEI from the Scientific Data Integration System (SDIS) at the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) in accordance with the archival submission agreement between NCEI and PMEL. In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 7023.26 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0287551.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/h8vw-e872 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/287551 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/287551 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0222/0287551/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0287551 v1.1 was published. 2024-02-01T11:39:13Z NCEI Accession 0287551 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0287551/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0287551 v1.1 published 2024-02-01T11:39:13Z download NCEI Accession 0287551 was revised and v2.2 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2024-05-31T21:53:50Z NCEI Accession 0287551 v2.2 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0287551/2.2 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0287551 v2.2 published 2024-05-31T21:53:50Z download NCEI Accession 0287551 was revised and v3.3 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2024-10-15T14:40:50Z NCEI Accession 0287551 v3.3 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0287551/3.3 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0287551 v3.3 published 2024-10-15T14:40:50Z download NCEI Accession 0287551 was revised and v4.4 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2025-09-17T17:11:53Z NCEI Accession 0287551 v4.4 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0287551/4.4 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0287551 v4.4 published 2025-09-17T17:11:53Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: Sea surface fugacity of carbon dioxide; Abbreviation: fCO2; Unit: μatm; Observation type: Model output; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Uncertainty: Included in data file; Method reference: Sharp, J. D., Jiang, L.-Q., Carter, B. R., Lavin, P. D., Yoo, H., & Cross, S. L. (2024). A mapped dataset of surface ocean acidification indicators in large marine ecosystems of the United States. Scientific Data, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03530-7.; Researcher name: Jonathan D. Sharp; Researcher institution: University of Washington CICOES, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Parameter or Variable: Sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Abbreviation: pCO2; Unit: μatm; Observation type: Model output; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Uncertainty: Included in data file; Method reference: Sharp, J. D., Jiang, L.-Q., Carter, B. R., Lavin, P. D., Yoo, H., & Cross, S. L. (2024). A mapped dataset of surface ocean acidification indicators in large marine ecosystems of the United States. Scientific Data, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03530-7.; Researcher name: Jonathan D. Sharp; Researcher institution: University of Washington CICOES, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Parameter or Variable: Sea surface pH (total scale); Abbreviation: pH; Unit: N/A; Observation type: Model output; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Uncertainty: Included in data file; Method reference: Sharp, J. D., Jiang, L.-Q., Carter, B. R., Lavin, P. D., Yoo, H., & Cross, S. L. (2024). A mapped dataset of surface ocean acidification indicators in large marine ecosystems of the United States. Scientific Data, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03530-7.; Researcher name: Jonathan D. Sharp; Researcher institution: University of Washington CICOES, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Parameter or Variable: Sea surface aragonite saturation state; Abbreviation: Omega_Aragonite; Unit: N/A; Observation type: Model output; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Uncertainty: Included in data file; Method reference: Sharp, J. D., Jiang, L.-Q., Carter, B. R., Lavin, P. D., Yoo, H., & Cross, S. L. (2024). A mapped dataset of surface ocean acidification indicators in large marine ecosystems of the United States. Scientific Data, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03530-7.; Researcher name: Jonathan D. Sharp; Researcher institution: University of Washington CICOES, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Parameter or Variable: Sea surface calcite saturation state; Abbreviation: Omega_Calcite; Unit: N/A; Observation type: Model output; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Uncertainty: Included in data file; Method reference: Sharp, J. D., Jiang, L.-Q., Carter, B. R., Lavin, P. D., Yoo, H., & Cross, S. L. (2024). A mapped dataset of surface ocean acidification indicators in large marine ecosystems of the United States. Scientific Data, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03530-7.; Researcher name: Jonathan D. Sharp; Researcher institution: University of Washington CICOES, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Parameter or Variable: Sea surface carbonate ion concentration; Abbreviation: CO3; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Model output; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Uncertainty: Included in data file; Method reference: Sharp, J. D., Jiang, L.-Q., Carter, B. R., Lavin, P. D., Yoo, H., & Cross, S. L. (2024). A mapped dataset of surface ocean acidification indicators in large marine ecosystems of the United States. Scientific Data, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03530-7.; Researcher name: Jonathan D. Sharp; Researcher institution: University of Washington CICOES, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Parameter or Variable: Sea surface dissolved inorganic carbon; Abbreviation: DIC; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Model output; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Uncertainty: Included in data file; Method reference: Sharp, J. D., Jiang, L.-Q., Carter, B. R., Lavin, P. D., Yoo, H., & Cross, S. L. (2024). A mapped dataset of surface ocean acidification indicators in large marine ecosystems of the United States. Scientific Data, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03530-7.; Researcher name: Jonathan D. Sharp; Researcher institution: University of Washington CICOES, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Parameter or Variable: Sea surface total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TA; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Model output; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Uncertainty: Included in data file; Method reference: Sharp, J. D., Jiang, L.-Q., Carter, B. R., Lavin, P. D., Yoo, H., & Cross, S. L. (2024). A mapped dataset of surface ocean acidification indicators in large marine ecosystems of the United States. Scientific Data, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03530-7.; Researcher name: Jonathan D. Sharp; Researcher institution: University of Washington CICOES, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Parameter or Variable: Sea surface hydrogen ion concentration; Abbreviation: H; Unit: nmol/kg; Observation type: Model output; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Uncertainty: Included in data file; Method reference: Sharp, J. D., Jiang, L.-Q., Carter, B. R., Lavin, P. D., Yoo, H., & Cross, S. L. (2024). A mapped dataset of surface ocean acidification indicators in large marine ecosystems of the United States. Scientific Data, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03530-7.; Researcher name: Jonathan D. Sharp; Researcher institution: University of Washington CICOES, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Parameter or Variable: Sea surface Revelle factor; Abbreviation: RF; Unit: N/A; Observation type: Model output; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Uncertainty: Included in data file; Method reference: Sharp, J. D., Jiang, L.-Q., Carter, B. R., Lavin, P. D., Yoo, H., & Cross, S. L. (2024). A mapped dataset of surface ocean acidification indicators in large marine ecosystems of the United States. Scientific Data, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03530-7.; Researcher name: Jonathan D. Sharp; Researcher institution: University of Washington CICOES, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. pH sensor pH sensor generic meter used to measure pH Any of a class of instruments used to quantify pH in a water or other type of sample. titrator titrator titrator VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS