noaa-ocean-36473 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2023-09-01 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Gulf of Maine Oxygen and Nitrogen Isotope Data From 1684 - 2013 CE 2022-05-24 publication doi:10.25921/kk48-gs89 noaa-ocean-36473 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Whitney, N.M. originator Whitney, N.M. author Wanamaker, A.D. originator Wanamaker, A.D. author Ummenhofer, C.C. originator Ummenhofer, C.C. author Johnson, B.J. originator Johnson, B.J. author Cresswell-Clay, N. originator Cresswell-Clay, N. author Kreutz, K.J. originator Kreutz, K.J. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Paleoceanography. The data include parameters of paleoceanography with a geographic location of Gulf Of Maine, North Atlantic Ocean. The time period coverage is from 266 to -63 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past climate and ocean circulation derived from marine sediments. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-ocean.png Paleoclimatology - Paleoceanography PNG Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Ocean/Lake Records Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Ocean/Lake Records theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleoceanography earth science > paleoclimate > paleocean > oxygen isotopes earth science > paleoclimate > paleocean > nitrogen isotopes earth science > paleoclimate > paleocean > geochemistry theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction Earth Surface Conditions Reconstruction North Atlantic Oscillation biogeochemical cycles trends theme What: age at sample start; Material: null What: delta 15N; Material: bivalve What: delta 15N; Material: bivalve What: delta 18O; Material: bivalve What: delta 18O; Material: bivalve What: age at sample end; Material: null What: age; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Ocean > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Gulf Of Maine > Seguin Island, Western Gulf of Maine > LATITUDE 43.7 > LONGITUDE -69.8 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Whitney, N.M.; Wanamaker, A.D.; Ummenhofer, C.C.; Johnson, B.J.; Cresswell-Clay, N.; Kreutz, K.J. (2022-05-24): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Gulf of Maine Oxygen and Nitrogen Isotope Data From 1684 - 2013 CE. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/kk48-gs89. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. 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The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine 2022 publication Whitney, Nina M., Wanamaker, Alan D., Ummenhofer, Caroline C., Johnson, Beverly J., Cresswell-Clay, Nathaniel, Kreutz, Karl J. author Communications Earth and Environment publisher https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00504-8 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2022 Whitney, Nina M., Wanamaker, Alan D., Ummenhofer, Caroline C., Johnson, Beverly J., Cresswell-Clay, Nathaniel, Kreutz, Karl J., 2022: Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine. Communications Earth and Environment, 3, 67-85, 10.1038/s43247-022-00504-8 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 1684 CE to 2013 CE; Date Range: 266 cal yr BP to -63 cal yr BP; -69.8 -69.8 43.7 43.7 Study Coordinates 43.7 -69.8 1684 2013 STUDY NOTES: Oxygen and nitrogen isotope data measured in Arctica islandica (ocean quahog) shells collected from the western Gulf of Maine and crossdated into a chronology that extends back to 1762 C.E., with individual shells dated back to the late 1600s. The chronology data can be found here: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/19563. These data also appear in publication along with a radiocarbon record that has previously been archived on the NCEI NOAA WDS for Paleoclimatology here: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/31392. The nitrogen isotope data dated after 1925 C.E. have previously been archived on NCEI NOAA WDS for Paleoclimatology here: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/29292 Provided Keywords: Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, Arctica islandica ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: The Gulf of Maine, located in the western North Atlantic, has undergone recent, rapid ocean warming but the lack of long-term, instrumental records hampers the ability to put these significant hydrographic changes into context. Here we present multiple 300-year long geochemical records (oxygen, nitrogen and previously published radiocarbon isotopes) measured in absolutely-dated Arctica islandica shells from the western Gulf of Maine. These records, in combination with climate model simulations, suggest that the Gulf of Maine underwent a long-term cooling over the last 1000 years, driven primarily by volcanic forcing and North Atlantic ocean dynamics. This cooling trend was reversed by warming beginning in the late 1800s, likely due to increased atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and changes in western North Atlantic circulation. The climate model simulations suggest that the warming over the last century was more rapid than almost any other 100-year period in the last 1000 years in the region. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/kk48-gs89 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/36473 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoceanography HTTPS Information NCEI Paleoceanography Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/whitney2022/seguin_whitney2022.txt HTTPS Download /contributions_by_author/whitney2022/seguin_whitney2022.txt Original Data and Full Metadata download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21