{"@type": "dcat:Dataset", "accessLevel": "restricted public", "bureauCode": ["011:21"], "contactPoint": {"@type": "vcard:Contact", "fn": "Open Data Office of Justice Programs (USDOJ)", "hasEmail": "mailto:opendata@usdoj.gov"}, "dataQuality": false, "description": "The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of\r\nthe factors that contributed to the epidemic of fraud in the savings\r\nand loan (\"thrift\") industry, the role that white-collar crime played,\r\nand the government response to this crisis. The researchers sought to\r\ndescribe the magnitude, role, and nature of thrift crime, analyze\r\nfactors related to the effectiveness of law enforcement control of\r\nsavings and loan fraud, and develop the broader implications, from\r\nboth a theoretical and a policy perspective. Data consist of\r\nstatistics from various government agencies and focus on all types of\r\nthrift, i.e., solvent and insolvent, that fell under the jurisdiction\r\nof the Office of Thrift Supervision in Florida, Texas, and California\r\nand all insolvent thrifts under the control of the Resolution Trust\r\nCorporation (RTC) in Washington, DC. The study focused on Texas,\r\nCalifornia, and Florida because of the high numbers of savings and\r\nloan failures, instances of fraud, and executives being\r\nindicted. However, as the study progressed, it became clear that the\r\nfrauds and failures were nationwide, and while many of the crimes were\r\nlocated in these three states, the individuals involved may have been\r\nlocated elsewhere. Thus, the scope of the study was expanded to\r\nprovide a national perspective. Parts 1 and 2, Case and Defendant\r\nData, provide information from the Executive Office of United States\r\nAttorneys on referrals, investigations, and prosecutions of thrifts,\r\nbanks, and other financial institutions. Part 1 consists of data about\r\nthe cases that were prosecuted, the number of institutions victimized,\r\nthe state in which these occurred, and the seriousness of the offense\r\nas indicated by the dollar loss and the number of victims. Part 2\r\nprovides information on the defendant's position in the institution\r\n(director, officer, employee, borrower, customer, developer, lawyer,\r\nor shareholder) and disposition (fines, restitution, prison,\r\nprobation, or acquittal). The relevant variables associated with the\r\nResolution Trust Corporation (Part 3, Institution Data) describe\r\nindictments, convictions, and sentences for all cases in the\r\nrespective regions, organizational structure and behavior for a single\r\ninstitution, and the estimated loss to the institution. Variables\r\ncoded are ownership type, charter, home loans, brokered deposits, net\r\nworth, number of referrals, number of individuals referred, assets and\r\nasset growth, ratio of direct investments to total assets, and total\r\ndollar losses due to fraud. For Parts 4 and 5, Texas and California\r\nReferral Data, the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) provided data\r\nfor what are called Category I referrals for California and\r\nTexas. Part 4 covers Category I referrals for Texas. Variables include\r\nthe individual's position in the institution, the number of referrals,\r\nand the sum of dollar losses from all referrals. Part 5 measures the\r\ntotal dollar losses due to fraud in California, the total number of\r\ncriminal referrals, and the number of individuals indicted.", "distribution": [{"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR06790.v1", "title": "Fraud in the Savings and Loan Industry in California, Florida, Texas, and Washington, DC:  White-Collar Crime and Government Response, 1986-1993"}], "identifier": "3055", "issued": "1999-10-07T00:00:00", "keyword": ["financial institutions", "fraud", "law enforcement", "savings and loans associations", "white collar crime"], "language": ["eng"], "license": "http://www.usa.gov/publicdomain/label/1.0/", "modified": "2006-03-30T00:00:00", "programCode": ["011:060"], "publisher": {"@type": "org:Organization", "name": "National Institute of Justice", "subOrganizationOf": {"acronym": "OJP", "id": 22, "name": "Office of Justice Programs", "parentOrganization": {"acronym": "DOJ", "id": 10, "name": "Department of Justice"}, "parentOrganizationID": 10}}, "rights": "These data are restricted due to the increased risk of violation of confidentiality of respondent and subject data.", "title": "Fraud in the Savings and Loan Industry in California, Florida, Texas, and Washington, DC:  White-Collar Crime and Government Response, 1986-1993"}