gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.hazards:G10147 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Hazards Data Manager haz.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2024-09-10 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NCEI/WDS Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database, 4360 BC to Present 2001-03-23 publication doi:10.7289/V5JW8BSH NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) originator Nicolas Arcos DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce (303) 497-3158 (303) 497-6513 325 Broadway, Mail Code E/NE42 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA haz.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact mapDigital tableDigital The Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database is a global listing of over 600 eruptions from 4360 BC to the present. A significant eruption is classified as one that meets at least one of the following criteria: caused fatalities, caused moderate damage (approximately $1 million or more), Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 6 or greater, generated a tsunami, or was associated with a significant earthquake. The database provides information on the latitude, longitude, elevation, type of volcano, last known eruption, VEI index, and socio-economic data such as the total number of casualties, injuries, houses destroyed, and houses damaged, and $ dollage damage estimates. References, political geography, and additional comments are also provided for each eruption. If the eruption was associated with a tsunami or significant earthquake, it is flagged and linked to the related database. For a complete list of current and past activity for all volcanoes on the planet active during the last 10,000 years, please see Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP). These data are necessary for volcanic hazard assessments and mitigation efforts. onGoing Nicolas Arcos DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce (303) 497-3158 (303) 497-6513 325 Broadway, Mail Code E/NE42 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA haz.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/icons/73900106.jpg A lava fountain from the 1959 eruption of Kilauea Iki, Hawaii. jpg Earth Science > Solid Earth > Volcanoes > Eruption Dynamics Earth Science > Solid Earth > Volcanoes > Lava Earth Science > Solid Earth > Volcanoes > Magma Earth Science > Solid Earth > Volcanoes > Pyroclastics Earth Science > Solid Earth > Volcanoes > Volcanic Ash/Dust theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2024 revision 19 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2024. GCMD Keywords, Version 19. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Visual Observations instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2020-01-09 publication 9.1 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2024. GCMD Keywords, Version 19. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian ICSU-WDS > International Council for Science - World Data System project Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords 2020-01-09 publication 9.1 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2024. GCMD Keywords, Version 19. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Global place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2024 revision 19 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2024. GCMD Keywords, Version 19. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2020-01-09 publication 9.1 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2024. GCMD Keywords, Version 19. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5JW8BSH [access date] otherRestrictions Access to this dataset is unrestricted. otherRestrictions While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database, 2100 BC to Present 1974-01-01 publication doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7 partOfSeamlessDatabase collection NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database, 2150 BC to Present 1972-01-01 publication doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K partOfSeamlessDatabase collection Global Volcano Locations Database 2002-01-01 publication partOfSeamlessDatabase collection The volcanic explosivity index (VEI): an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism 1982-01-01 publication Newhall, C.G. author Self, S. author Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans and Atmospheres 87 pp. 1231-1238 crossReference sciencePaper Volcanoes of the World, 2nd edition 1994-01-01 publication Simkin, T. author Siebert, L. author Geoscience Press in association with the Smithsonian Institute Global Volcanism Program 368 p. crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA oceans geoscientificInformation -180 180 -63 71 -4360 Volcano Name referenceInformation Event Date physicalMeasurement Location coordinate Latitude Distance measured north or south from the equator. Distance north is positive, distance south is negative. 90.00000 -90.00000 decimal degrees decimal degrees Longitude Longitude is measured from the Prime Meridian (which is the north/south line that runs through Greenwich, England), values measured east are positive and values measured west are negative. 180.00000 -180.00000 decimal degrees decimal degrees Elevation The elevation of the volcano above global mean sea level. Negative elevation indicates a submarine volcano. 6887 -6000 meters meters Country The country in which the volcano is located. Region The global region in which the volcano is located. Volcano Type thematicClassification Type The volcano type as listed by the Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program. For more information please visit the Global Volcanism Program's volcano types and processes gallery. Eruption Characteristics physicalMeasurement Associated Hazard Whether or not the volcanic eruption caused a tsunami and/or occurred in conjunction with a significant earthquake. Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI) A widely used classification scheme to describe the size of explosive eruptions. It is based principally on the erupted mass or volume of a deposit (Newhall and Self, 1982). Historic eruptions that were definitely explosive, but carry no other descriptive information are assigned a default VEI of 2. 0 = General Description: Non-explosive, Cloud-Column Height: <0.1 km, Volume: 10^4 m^3, Qualitative Description: Gentle, Classification: Hawaiian, Recurrence: Daily, Example: Kilauea 1 = General Description: Small, Cloud-Column Height: 0.1-1 km, Volume: 10^6 m^3, Qualitative Description: Effusive, Classification: Haw/Strombolian, Recurrence: Daily, Example: Stromboli 2 = General Description: Moderate, Cloud-Column Height: 1-5 km, Volume: 10^7 m^3, Qualitative Description: Explosive, Classification: Strom/Vulcanian, Recurrence: Weekly, Example: Galeras, 1992 3 = General Description: Moderate-Large, Cloud-Column Height: 3-15 km, Volume: 10^8 m^3, Qualitative Description: Explosive, Classification: Vulcanian, Recurrence: Yearly, Example: Ruiz, 1985 4 = General Description: Large, Cloud-Column Height: 10-25 km, Volume: 10^9 m^3, Qualitative Description: Explosive, Classification: Vulc/Plinian, Recurrence: 10's of years, Example: Galunggung, 1982 5 = General Description: Very Large, Cloud-Column Height: >25 km, Volume: 10^10 m^3, Qualitative Description: Cataclysmic, Classification: Plinian, Recurrence: 100's of years, Example: St. Helens, 1981 6 = Cloud-Column Height: >25 km, Volume: 10^11 m^3, Qualitative Description: Paroxysmal, Classification: Plin/Ultra-Plinian, Recurrence: 100's of years, Example: Krakatau, 1883 7 = Cloud-Column Height: >25 km, Volume: 10^12 m^3, Qualitative Description: Colossal, Classification: Ultra-Plinian, Recurrence: 1000's of years, Example: Tambora, 1815 8 = Cloud-Column Height: >25 km, Volume: 10^12 m^3, Qualitative Description: Colossal, Classification: Ultra-Plinian, Recurrence: 10,000's of years, Example: Yellowstone, 2 Ma Agent The agent that caused the fatalities for an eruption. Adapted from Simkin and Siebert, 1994. A = Avalanche (Debris and landslides) E = Electrical (lightning) F = Floods (Jokulhlaups) G = Gas (emission from eruptive craters as well as fumarolic/solfataric activity) I = Indirect deaths (disease, starvation, exposure, desolation) L = Lava flows M = Mudflows/Lahars m = Secondary (post-eruption) mudflows P = Pyroclastic flows, surges, and direct blasts S = Seismic, or volcanic earthquake (tectonic earthquake deaths excluded) T = Tephra (ash, bombs, lapilli, steam blasts. Killing either by ballistic impact, or with finer-grained ash, by suffocation, collapse of ash-covered roogs, etc. W = Waves or tsunami Eruption Effects physicalMeasurement Number of Deaths from the Eruption Whenever possible, numbers of deaths from the eruption are listed. These values indicate those deaths that resulted from the eruption. For total deaths (tsunami, volcano, and earthquake), see total deaths field under additional information. Number of Injuries from the Eruption Whenever possible, numbers of injuries from the eruption are listed. Damage in Millions of Dollars from the Eruption The value in the Damage column should be multipled by 1,000,000 to obtain the actual dollar amount. When a dollar amount for damage was found in the literature, it was listed in the Damage column in millions of U.S. dollars. The dollar value listed is the value at the time of the event. To convert the damage to current dollar values, please use the Consumer Price Index Calculator. Monetary conversion tables for the time of the event were used to convert foreign currency to U.S. dollars. Number of Houses Destroyed by the Eruption Whenever possible, number of houses destroyed by the eruption are listed. Description of Number of Deaths from the Eruption When a description was found in the historical literature instead of an actual number of deaths, this value was coded and listed in the Deaths D column. If the actual number of deaths was listed, a descriptor was also added for search purposes. 0 = None 1 = Few (~1 to 50 deaths) 2 = Some (~51 to 100 deaths) 3 = Many (~101 to 1000 deaths) 4 = Very Many (~1001 or more deaths) Description of Number of Injuries from the Eruption When a description was found in the historical literature instead of an actual number of injuries, this value was coded and listed in the Injuries De column. If the actual number of injuries was listed, a descriptor was also added for search purposes. 0 = None 1 = Few (~1 to 50 injuries) 2 = Some (~51 to 100 injuries) 3 = Many (~101 to 1000 injuries) 4 = Very Many (~1001 or more injuries) Description of Damage from the Eruption For those events not offering a monetary evaluation of damage, the following five-level scale was used to classify damage (1990 dollars) and was listed in the Damage De column. If the actual dollar amount of damage was listed, a descriptor was also added for search purposes. When possible, a rough estimate was made of the dollar amount of damage based upon the description provided, in order to choose the damage category. In many cases, only a single descriptive term was available. These terms were converted to the damage categories based upon the authors apparent use of the term elsewhere. In the absence of other information, LIMITED is considered synonymous with slight, minor, and light, SEVERE as synonymous with major, extensive, and heavy, and EXTREME as synonymous with catastrophic. Note: The descriptive terms relate approximately to current dollar values. 0 = NONE 1 = LIMITED (roughly corresponding to less than $1 million) 2 = MODERATE (~$1 to $5 million) 3 = SEVERE (~>$5 to $24 million) 4 = EXTREME (~$25 million or more) Description of Number of Houses Destroyed by the Eruption For those events not offering an exact number of houses destroyed, the following four-level scale was used to classify the destruction and was listed in the Houses Destroyed De column. If the actual number of houses destroyed was listed, a descriptor was also added for search purposes. 0 = None 1 = Few (~1 to 50 houses) 2 = Some (~51 to 100 houses) 3 = Many (~101 to 1000 houses) 4 = Very Many (~1001 or more houses) TSV NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Hazards Data Manager haz.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact Free online https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/volcano/event-search http Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database The database contains information on the latitude, longitude, elevation, type of volcano, last known eruption, VEI index, and socio-economic data such as the total number of casualties, injuries, houses destroyed, and houses damaged, and $ dollage damage estimates, if available. If the eruption was associated with a tsunami or significant earthquake, it is flagged and linked to the related database. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/maps/hazards/?layers=3 http Natural Hazards Map Viewer - Significant Volcanic Eruptions Layer Tsunami source and runup locations, significant earthquake epicenters, significant volcanic eruption locations. search https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/volcano/event-search http Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database The database contains information on the latitude, longitude, elevation, type of volcano, last known eruption, VEI index, and socio-economic data such as the total number of casualties, injuries, houses destroyed, and houses damaged, and $ dollage damage estimates, if available. If the eruption was associated with a tsunami or significant earthquake, it is flagged and linked to the related database. download https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/ NGDC Natural Hazards Website Data, products and services for natural hazards. information dataset The events in the Significant Volcanic Eruption database were gathered from the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the U.S. Geological Survey, volcano catalogs, national and government databases and reports, post-event reconnaissance reports, journal articles, newspapers, internet sources, email, and other documents. It should be noted a primary source of information is Volcanoes of the World (Simkin et al.,1981) as well as the subsequent second and third editions. The database is updated upon the availability of new volcanic eruption data. Natural Hazards Data Manager DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce custodian The events in the Significant Volcanic Eruption database were gathered from the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the U.S. Geological Survey, volcano catalogs, national and government databases and reports, post-event reconnaissance reports, journal articles, newspapers, internet sources, email, and other documents. It should be noted a primary source of information is Volcanoes of the World (Simkin et al.,1981) as well as the subsequent second and third editions. dataset The database is of high quality and complete. The information was collected from many sources to ensure accuracy and completeness. repository NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015. 2015-04-22T00:00:00 unknown This record was automatically modified on 2015-10-01 to include references to NCEI where applicable. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Metadata Specialist editor