{
  "@type": "dcat:Dataset",
  "accessLevel": "public",
  "bureauCode": [
    "009:25"
  ],
  "contactPoint": {
    "@type": "vcard:Contact",
    "fn": "NIH",
    "hasEmail": "mailto:info@nih.gov"
  },
  "description": "Background\n          Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), a pharmaceutical excipient used for enteric film coating of capsules and tablets, was shown to inhibit infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and several herpesviruses. CAP formulations inactivated HIV-1, herpesvirus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) and the major nonviral sexually transmitted disease (STD) pathogens and were effective in animal models for vaginal infection by HSV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus.\n        \n        \n          Methods\n          Enzyme-linked immunoassays and flow cytometry were used to demonstrate CAP binding to HIV-1 and to define the binding site on the virus envelope.\n        \n        \n          Results\n          1) CAP binds to HIV-1 virus particles and to the envelope glycoprotein gp120; 2) this leads to blockade of the gp120 V3 loop and other gp120 sites resulting in diminished reactivity with HIV-1 coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5; 3) CAP binding to HIV-1 virions impairs their infectivity; 4) these findings apply to both HIV-1 IIIB, an X4 virus, and HIV-1 BaL, an R5 virus.\n        \n        \n          Conclusions\n          These results provide support for consideration of CAP as a topical microbicide of choice for prevention of STDs, including HIV-1 infection.",
  "distribution": [
    {
      "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
      "description": "Visit the original government dataset for complete information, documentation, and data access.",
      "downloadURL": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC57811/",
      "mediaType": "text/html",
      "title": "Official Government Data Source"
    }
  ],
  "identifier": "https://healthdata.gov/api/views/sitk-wqkq",
  "issued": "2025-07-14",
  "keyword": [
    "cellulose-acetate-phthalate",
    "coreceptor-blockade",
    "gp120-binding",
    "hiv-1-inactivation",
    "nih"
  ],
  "landingPage": "https://healthdata.gov/d/sitk-wqkq",
  "modified": "2025-09-06",
  "programCode": [
    "009:033"
  ],
  "publisher": {
    "@type": "org:Organization",
    "name": "National Institutes of Health"
  },
  "theme": [
    "NIH"
  ],
  "title": "Cellulose acetate phthalate, a common pharmaceutical excipient, inactivates HIV-1 and blocks the coreceptor binding site on the virus envelope glycoprotein gp120"
}