{"@type": "dcat:Dataset", "DOI": "10.15121/1170247", "accessLevel": "public", "bureauCode": ["019:20"], "contactPoint": {"@type": "vcard:Contact", "fn": "Jenna N. Schroeder", "hasEmail": "mailto:jschroeder@anl.gov"}, "dataQuality": true, "description": "According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), geothermal energy generation in the United States is projected to more than triple by 2040 (EIA 2013). This addition, which translates to more than 5 GW of generation capacity, is anticipated because of technological advances and an increase in available sources through the continued development of enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs) and low-temperature resources (EIA 2013). Studies have shown that air emissions, water consumption, and land use for geothermal electricity generation have less of an impact than traditional fossil fuel-based electricity generation; however, the long-term sustainability of geothermal power plants can be affected by insufficient replacement of aboveground or belowground operational fluid losses resulting from normal operations (Schroeder et al. 2014). Thus, access to water is therefore critical for increased deployment of EGS technologies and, therefore, growth of the geothermal sector. This paper examines water issues relating to EGS development from a variety of perspectives. It starts by exploring the relationship between EGS site geology, stimulation protocols, and below ground water loss, which is one of the largest drivers of water consumption for EGS projects.  It then examines the relative costs of different potential traditional and alternative water sources for EGS. Finally it summarizes specific state policies relevant to the use of alternative water sources for EGS, and finally explores the relationship between EGS site geology, stimulation protocols, and below ground water loss, which is one of the largest drivers of water consumption for EGS projects.  ", "distribution": [{"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://gdr.openei.org/files/464/ANL%3AEVS-14%3A14%20%281%29.pdf", "description": "Publication detailing water use as it relates to EGS", "format": "pdf", "mediaType": "application/pdf", "title": "ANL FY2014 Geothermal Report.pdf"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://gdr.openei.org/files/464/TABLE%201%20Summary%20of%20Project%20Stimulation%20Parameters%20%20%281%29.xlsx", "description": "Table summarizing stimulation parameters (flow rate, max pressure, duration, and injectivity)", "format": "xlsx", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "title": "TABLE 1 Summary of Project Stimulation Parameters .xlsx"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://gdr.openei.org/files/464/TABLE%2010%20Idaho%20State%20Laws%20and%20Applicable%20Definitions%20for%20Water%20Reuse%20%281%29.xlsx", "description": "Summary of state laws and applicable definitions for water reuse in Idaho", "format": "xlsx", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "title": "TABLE 10 Idaho State Laws and Applicable Definitions for Water Reuse.xlsx"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://gdr.openei.org/files/464/TABLE%2011%20Nevada%20State%20Laws%20and%20Applicable%20Definitions%20for%20Water%20Reuse%20%281%29.xlsx", "description": "Summary of state laws and applicable definitions for water reuse in Nevada", "format": "xlsx", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "title": "TABLE 11 Nevada State Laws and Applicable Definitions for Water Reuse.xlsx"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://gdr.openei.org/files/464/TABLE%2012%20Oregon%20State%20Laws%20and%20Applicable%20Definitions%20for%20Water%20Reuse%20%281%29.xlsx", "description": "Summary of state laws and applicable definitions for water reuse in Oregon", "format": "xlsx", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "title": "TABLE 12 Oregon State Laws and Applicable Definitions for Water Reuse.xlsx"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://gdr.openei.org/files/464/TABLE%202%20%20Power%20Plant%20Scenarios%20and%20Water%20Consumption%20Rates%20%281%29.xlsx", "description": "Table summarizing different scenarios and their parameters (plant type, capacity, resource temp, water consumption rate, and total annual consumption)", "format": "xlsx", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "title": "TABLE 2  Power Plant Scenarios and Water Consumption Rates.xlsx"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://gdr.openei.org/files/464/TABLE%203%20Wastewater%20Treatment%20Plant%20Locations%20and%20Flow%20Rates%20%281%29.xlsx", "description": "Locations and flow rates of wastewater treatment plants site near each site", "format": "xlsx", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "title": "TABLE 3 Wastewater Treatment Plant Locations and Flow Rates.xlsx"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://gdr.openei.org/files/464/TABLE%204%20Water%20Supply%20Cost%20Results%20%28in%202012%24%20per%20ac-ft%29%20%281%29.xlsx", "description": "Table summarizing probable water supply costs at each of the sites for each scenario and each potential water source (in 2012$ per ac-ft)", "format": "xlsx", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "title": "TABLE 4 Water Supply Cost Results.xlsx"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://gdr.openei.org/files/464/TABLE%205%20Range%20of%20Estimated%20Total%20Annual%20Water%20Costs%20for%20EGS%20Projects%20%28in%20%24%3Ayear%29%20%281%29.xlsx", "description": "Maximum and minimum water costs for each site and each scenario", "format": "xlsx", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "title": "TABLE 5 Range of Estimated Total Annual Water Costs for EGS Projects.xlsx"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://gdr.openei.org/files/464/TABLE%206%20%20Cost%20of%20Acquiring%20Fresh%20Water%20%28Surface%20and%20Groundwater%29%2C%20by%20State%20%281%29.xlsx", "description": "Cost of fresh water (surface and groundwater) acquisition broken down by state for observed sites.", "format": "xlsx", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "title": "TABLE 6  Cost of Acquiring Fresh Water .xlsx"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://gdr.openei.org/files/464/TABLE%207%20Water%20Treatment%20Costs%20%28in%202012%24%20per%20ac-ft%20of%20water%20supplied%29%20%281%29.xlsx", "description": "Cost of different water treatment options (in 2012$ per ac-ft of water supplied)", "format": "xlsx", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "title": "TABLE 7 Water Treatment Costs.xlsx"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://gdr.openei.org/files/464/TABLE%208%20Summary%20of%20Alternative%20Water%20Regulations%20and%20Regulatory%20Agencies%20%281%29.xlsx", "description": "Summary of regulations on use of alternative waters  by state", "format": "xlsx", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "title": "TABLE 8 Summary of Alternative Water Regulations and Regulatory Agencies.xlsx"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://gdr.openei.org/files/464/TABLE%209%20California%20State%20Laws%20and%20Applicable%20Definitions%20for%20Water%20Reuse%20%281%29.xlsx", "description": "Summary of state laws and applicable definitions for water reuse in California", "format": "xlsx", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "title": "TABLE 9 California State Laws and Applicable Definitions for Water Reuse.xlsx"}], "identifier": "https://data.openei.org/submissions/6774", "issued": "2014-12-16T07:00:00Z", "keyword": ["EGS", "alternative water", "desert peak", "enhance geothermal system", "geology", "geothermal", "newberry", "newberry volcano", "policy", "power", "raft river", "the geysers", "water", "water use"], "landingPage": "https://gdr.openei.org/submissions/464", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "modified": "2017-06-27T19:44:00Z", "programCode": ["019:006"], "projectLead": "Arlene Anderson", "projectNumber": "FY14 AOP 4.1.0.1", "projectTitle": "Water Use in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS): Geology of U.S. Stimulation Projects, Water Costs, and Alternative Water Use Policies", "publisher": {"@type": "org:Organization", "name": "Argonne National Laboratory"}, "spatial": "{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-77.01416015625,38.87713590673],[-77.01416015625,38.87713590673],[-77.01416015625,38.87713590673],[-77.01416015625,38.87713590673],[-77.01416015625,38.87713590673]]]}", "title": "Water Use in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS): Geology of U.S. Stimulation Projects, Water Costs, and Alternative Water Use Policies"}