gov.noaa.nodc:0305856 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-23T08:14:38Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, sensor pH, pCO2, rhodamine concentration, nutrients, and other variables obtained from a tracer study for the development of in-water monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of ship-based ocean alkalinity enhancement aboard the R/V Connecticut crise (EXPOCODE 33LQ20230901) in the North Atlantic Ocean, Northeast U.S. Shelf in from 2023-09-02 to 2023-09-04 (NCEI Accession 0305856) 2025-07-07 publication 2025-07-03 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/jssj-aw56 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0305856 NCEI Archive Management System 0305856 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Kate Morkeski Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) kmorkeski@whoi.edu http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Adam Subhas Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) asubhas@whoi.edu http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Jennie Rheuban Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) jrheuban@whoi.edu http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Zhaohui Aleck Wang Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) zawang@whoi.edu http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Daniel McCorkle Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Anna Michel Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Lukas Marx Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Chloe L. Smith Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Kate Morkeski Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) kmorkeski@whoi.edu http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Matthew Hayden Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Mary Burkitt-Gray Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Francis Elder Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Yiming Guo Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Heather H. Kim Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Ke Chen Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Subhas, Adam V. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Rheuban, Jennie E. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Wang, Zhaohui Aleck Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author McCorkle, Daniel Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Michel, Anna P. M. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Marx, Lukas Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Dean, Chloe L. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Morkeski, Kate Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Hayden, Matthew G. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Burkitt-Gray, Mary Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Elder, Francis Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Guo, Yiming Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Kim, Heather H. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Chen, Ke Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This data package contains the shipboard (CTD bottle, CTD sensor profile, and underway measurements) and drifter data collected during a tracer study for the development of in-water monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of ship-based ocean alkalinity enhancement aboard the R/V Connecticut in the North Atlantic Ocean, Northeast U.S. Shelf in September 2023. The campaign was named LOC-01, the first field campaign of the Locking Ocean Carbon in the Northeast Shelf and Slope (LOC-NESS) Project. A patch of rhodamine water tracer dye was created and then tracked and monitored for 36 hours using the ship’s underway system, a CTD rosette, and Lagrangian drifters. Measurements include rhodamine concentration, salinity, temperature, and a suite of carbonate and other chemical parameters. The cruise was designed to enable the development of a measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) framework for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), one that explicitly ties an OAE intervention and the resulting carbon dioxide removal to the dynamic baseline ocean state using these in situ observations. Collection of these observations was designed to enable the development of a measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) framework for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), one that explicitly ties an OAE intervention and the resulting marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) to the dynamic baseline ocean state. Funding Information: Carbon to Sea Initiative (Locking Ocean Carbon in the Northeast Shelf and Slope) Funding Information: ICONIQ Capital (Locking Ocean Carbon in the Northeast Shelf and Slope) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0305856 Preview graphic PNG 0305856 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2025-07-02 publication AMMONIUM (NH4) CHLOROPHYLL A DELTA CARBON-13 DELTA NITROGEN-15 DEPTH - OBSERVATION DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) DISSOLVED OXYGEN HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE nitrate + nitrite content (concentration) partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water Particulate Inorganic Carbon PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON pH phosphate SALINITY silicate total alkalinity WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS buoy - drifting buoy carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer CTD Niskin bottle nutrient autoanalyzer oxygen sensor pH sensor salinometer temperature sensor instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS biological chemical discrete sample physical surface underway theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS Connecticut platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Ship of Opportunity Programme (SOOP) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS East Coast - US/Canada North Atlantic Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication WHOI > WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian LOC01 project Cruise ID 33LQ20230901 project EXPOCODE Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords Coastal project Reference Section ID LOC-NESS project Research Projects EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > AMMONIA EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CHLOROPHYLL EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRITE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITROGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PHOSPHATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > SILICATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN PRESSURE > WATER PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Other theme OCADS Study Type Ammonium CTDOXY CTDPRES CTDSAL_PSS78 CTDTEMP_ITS90 Chl_a_sensor DIC Delta_C13_DIC Delta_C13_POC Delta_N15_TPN Depth Nitrate_and_Nitrite Oxygen Particulate_Inorganic_Carbon Particulate_Organic_Carbon Phosphate Rhodamine Salinity_PSS78 Silicate Speed_mph TA Temperature_ITS90 Temperature_hull_ITS90 Temperature_lab_ITS90 Total_Particulate_Nitrogen dfCO2 pH_NBS_measured_electrode theme Provider Variable Abbreviations AUTOANALYZER > AUTOANALYZER CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth DRIFTING BUOYS > DRIFTING BUOYS NISKIN BOTTLES OXYGEN METERS > OXYGEN METERS PH METERS > PH METERS SALINOMETERS TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE SENSORS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ships platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian CONNECTICUT (call sign: WCY4995, ICES code: 33LQ, 1998-) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian North Atlantic Ocean Northeast U.S. Shelf place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Subhas, Adam V.; Rheuban, Jennie E.; Wang, Zhaohui Aleck; McCorkle, Daniel; Michel, Anna P. M.; Marx, Lukas; Dean, Chloe L.; Morkeski, Kate; Hayden, Matthew G.; Burkitt-Gray, Mary; Elder, Francis; Guo, Yiming; Kim, Heather H.; Chen, Ke (2025). Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, sensor pH, pCO2, rhodamine concentration, nutrients, and other variables obtained from a tracer study for the development of in-water monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of ship-based ocean alkalinity enhancement aboard the R/V Connecticut crise (EXPOCODE 33LQ20230901) in the North Atlantic Ocean, Northeast U.S. Shelf in from 2023-09-02 to 2023-09-04 (NCEI Accession 0305856). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/jssj-aw56. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Please provide fair and proper attribution of any re-use of these data. license This dataset is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. SPDX License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) Subhas, A. V., Rheuban, J. E., Wang, Z. A., McCorkle, D. C., Michel, A. P. M., Marx, L., Dean, C. L., Morkeski, K., Hayden, M. G., Burkitt-Gray, M., Elder, F., Guo, Y., Kim, H. H., & Chen, K. (2025). A tracer study for the development of in-water monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of ship-based ocean alkalinity enhancement. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1348 2025-04-08 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1348 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1348 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1348 related resource information Subhas, Adam V. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Rheuban, Jennie E. author Wang, Zhaohui Aleck Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution author McCorkle, Daniel C. author Michel, Anna P. M. author Marx, Lukas Röst Marine Research Center author Dean, Chloe L. author Morkeski, Kate author Hayden, Matthew G. author Burkitt-Gray, Mary author Elder, Francis author Guo, Yiming Illinois State University author Kim, Heather H. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Chen, Ke author Copernicus GmbH publisher documentDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -72.0044 -70.661 41.0241 41.3021 2023-09-02 2023-09-04 This data package (Submission ID: BJDCKPPVP) was acquired by NCEI from the Scientific Data Integration System (SDIS) at the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) in accordance with the archival submission agreement between NCEI and PMEL. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 30.368 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0305856.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/jssj-aw56 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/305856 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/305856 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0231/0305856/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0305856 v1.1 was published. 2025-07-07T15:32:37Z NCEI Accession 0305856 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0305856/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0305856 v1.1 published 2025-07-07T15:32:37Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Profile (discrete samples); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: IN-SITUOBSERVATION; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Apollo AS-D1; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Bottle samples were taken from the Niskin rosette, with duplicate bottles taken at 20, 16, 12, 10, 5, and 1 meter depths. One Niskin was sampled for dissolved constituents (dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), nutrients (NO3+NO2, NH4, PO4, silicate), and rhodamine fluorescence). The second bottle was sampled for particulate material, including PIC, POC, and microbial community abundance via flow cytometry. Samples for DIC and TA were collected into 250 ml narrow-neck borosilicate bottles by directly filtering through a 0.45 µm filter cartridge. Sampling bottles were rinsed thoroughly and filled from the bottom, overflowing with three times the sample volume, and subsequently routinely poisoned with 50 µl saturated mercuric chloride solution (following Dickson et al., 2007). DIC and δ13C-DIC were determined from triplicate analysis via an Apollo AS-D1 in line with a Picarro G-2131i cavity ringdown system, calibrated with in-house secondary seawater standards, intercalibrated against Dickson Certified Reference Materials (Batch #205).; Standardization description: In-house secondary seawater standards, intercalibrated against Dickson CRM, were run every 6 h.; Standardization frequency: Every 6 h; CRM manufacturer: Dickson; CRM batch number: 205; Preservation method: HgCl2; Preservative volume: 50 µl saturated mercuric chloride solution; Preservative correction: No correction applied; Uncertainty: 2 μmol/kg; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected; Method reference: Su, J., Cai, W.-J., Hussain, N., Brodeur, J., Chen, B., & Huang, K. 2019. Simultaneous determination of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and stable isotope (δ13C-DIC) by Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy: Application to study carbonate dynamics in the Chesapeake Bay. Marine Chemistry, 215, 103689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2019.103689; Researcher name: Adam V. Subhas; Researcher institution: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TA; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Profile (discrete samples); Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Metrohm titrator; Type of titration: Gran; Cell type (open or closed): OPEN; Curve fitting method: Nonlinear least-squares; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Bottle samples were taken from the Niskin rosette, with duplicate bottles taken at 20, 16, 12, 10, 5, and 1 meter depths. One Niskin was sampled for dissolved constituents (dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), nutrients (NO3+NO2, NH4, PO4, silicate), and rhodamine fluorescence). The second bottle was sampled for particulate material, including PIC, POC, and microbial community abundance via flow cytometry. Samples for DIC and TA were collected into 250 ml narrow-neck borosilicate bottles by directly filtering through a 0.45 µm filter cartridge. Sampling bottles were rinsed thoroughly and filled from the bottom, overflowing with three times the sample volume, and subsequently routinely poisoned with 50 µl saturated mercuric chloride solution (following Dickson et al., 2007). TA was determined for triplicate samples by open-system Gran titration using a Metrohm 805 Dosimat and an 855 Titrosampler with 0.04 M HCl as titrant. TA was determined via a nonlinear least-squares method (following Dickson et al., 2009) and TA analysis was warranted with in-house secondary seawater standards run intermittently as triplicates after 15 individual titrations.; Standardization description: In-house secondary seawater standards (intercalibrated to Dickson CRM) run intermittently as triplicates after 15 individual titrations; Standardization frequency: Every 15 titrations; CRM manufacturer: Dickson; CRM batch number: 205; Preservation method: HgCl2; Preservative volume: 50 µl saturated mercuric chloride solution; Preservative correction: No correction applied; Uncertainty: 2 μmol/kg; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected; Researcher name: Adam V. Subhas; Researcher institution: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH_NBS_measured_electrode; pH scale: NBSSCALE(NBSORNIST); Observation type: Profile (CTD continuous); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: IN-SITUOBSERVATION; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird SBE911plus CTD system; Analyzing instrument: Sea-Bird SBE18; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The pH sensor was calibrated using Hach pH buffers 4.005, 7.000, 10.012 (part numbers S11M003, S11M004, S11M007). The temperature of each buffer was measured immediately after the voltage was measured, and the actual pH of the buffer at that temperature according to the manufacturer was input.; Standardization description: The pH sensor was calibrated using Hach pH buffers 4.005, 7.000, 10.012 (part numbers S11M003, S11M004, S11M007). The temperature of each buffer was measured immediately after the voltage was measured, and the actual pH of the buffer at that temperature according to the manufacturer was input.; pH standard values: 4.005, 7.000, 10.012; Temperature of standardization: ambient; At what temperature was pH reported: in situ; Uncertainty: 0.02; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: dfCO2; Unit: μatm; Observation type: Surface underway; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Uncontaminated seawater supply; Analyzing instrument: General Oceanics Model 8050 with LI-7815; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: seawater and atmospheric xCO2 (mole fraction of CO2) was continuously measured with the underway pCO2 system (Model 8050, General Oceanics, FL, USA) following the best practice of seawater CO2 measurements (Dickson et al., 2007). Measured xCO2 values were converted to fCO2 or pCO2 based on Dickson et al. (2007) for reporting and flux calculation. Surface water was pumped to the pCO2 system via the shipboard underway system, while fresh air samples were pumped continuously by the pCO2 system from an intake at the top of the research vessel away from any potential CO2 contamination (e.g., ship exhausts). The system was calibrated every five hours with three xCO2 gas standards traceable to or consistent with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards plus a zero gas. The system was configured for a measurement frequency of every two minutes for surface seawater xCO2 and five hours for atmospheric xCO2, with a precision and accuracy of ~0.2% (e.g., about ±1 µatm at 400 µatm fCO2 level). All fCO2 or pCO2 data were corrected for water vapor by the detector and reported as values in 100% humidity at in situ temperature (measured from the ship’s underway thermosalinograph).; Equilibrator type: GO inverted cup with spiral nozzle; Equilibrator volume: 1.5; Is the equilibrator vented or not: Supplied with pre-equilibrated air from the secondary equilibrator; Water flow rate: 2.5; How was temperature inside the equilibrator measured: Fluke 1523 with stainless probe inside equilibrator; How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured: A differential pressure sensor; Drying method for gas: Peltier cooler; SEA CO2 gas detector manufacturer: LI-COR; SEA CO2 gas detector model: LI-7815; SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: 0.01; SEA CO2 gas detector uncertainty: 0.04; Water vapor correction method: LI-7815 reports CO2 dry mole fraction; xCO2 not further corrected; Temperature correction method: Temperature was adjust for lag time between hull and equilibrator; At what temperature was pCO2 reported: Sea surface temperature; Uncertainty: 1 µatm; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Method reference: Pierrot, D., C. Neill, K. Sullivan, R. Castle, R. Wanninkhof, H. Lüger, T. Johannessen, A. Olsen, R. A. Feely, C. E. Cosca. 2009. Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, Volume 56, Issues 8–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005.; Researcher name: Zhaohui Aleck Wang; Researcher institution: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Parameter or Variable: Silicate concentration in sea water; Abbreviation: Silicate; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Profile (discrete samples); Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: SEAL AA3 HR Autoanalyzer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles after DIC and TA sample collection into 15 ml Falcon tubes and stored frozen (-20 °C) until onshore analysis at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution nutrient analytical facility against certified reference materials (Batch CL-0438, KANSO).; Uncertainty: 0.001 μmol/kg; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: Phosphate concentration in sea water; Abbreviation: Phosphate; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Profile (discrete samples); Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: SEAL AA3 HR Autoanalyzer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles after DIC and TA sample collection into 15 ml Falcon tubes and stored frozen (-20 °C) until onshore analysis at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution nutrient analytical facility against certified reference materials (Batch CL-0438, KANSO). Values below the detection limit of 0.015 μmol/kg were set to the detection limit.; Uncertainty: 0.001 μmol/kg; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: Nitrate plus nitrite concentration in sea water; Abbreviation: Nitrate_and_Nitrite; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Profile (discrete samples); Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: SEAL AA3 HR Autoanalyzer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles after DIC and TA sample collection into 15 ml Falcon tubes and stored frozen (-20 °C) until onshore analysis at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution nutrient analytical facility against certified reference materials (Batch CL-0438, KANSO). Values below the detection limit of 0.04 μmol/kg were set to the detection limit.; Uncertainty: 0.001 μmol/kg; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: Ammonium concentration in sea water; Abbreviation: Ammonium; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Profile (discrete samples); Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: SEAL AA3 HR Autoanalyzer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles after DIC and TA sample collection into 15 ml Falcon tubes and stored frozen (-20 °C) until onshore analysis at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution nutrient analytical facility against certified reference materials (Batch CL-0438, KANSO).; Uncertainty: 0.001 μmol/kg; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: Particulate inorganic carbon (PIC); Abbreviation: Particulate_Inorganic_Carbon; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Profile (discrete samples); Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Picarro-Automate autosampler; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Bottle samples were taken from the Niskin rosette, with duplicate bottles taken at 20, 16, 12, 10, 5, and 1 meter depths. One Niskin was sampled for dissolved constituents. The second bottle was sampled for particulate material. Particulate samples were collected by vacuum filtration of 4 L over 0.2 µm pre-combusted (4 h, 500 °C) glass-fiber filters. Filters were stored frozen (-20 °C) in individual pre-combusted aluminum foil envelopes. On land and after drying (60 °C) overnight, filters were cut precisely in half using a sterilized ceramic roller blade. Half a filter was tightly packed in a tin capsule (EA Consumables) and sent to the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility for analysis of particulate carbon (PC), nitrogen (PN) and δ13C-PC via an elemental analyzer coupled with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The second half of the filter was analyzed for particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) using an Automate autosampler coupled to a Picarro G-2131i measuring [CO2] and δ13C-CO2 after converting all CaCO3 to CO2 by acidification with 10% phosphoric acid.; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected; Researcher name: Adam V. Subhas; Researcher institution: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Parameter or Variable: Particulate organic carbon (POC); Abbreviation: Particulate_Organic_Carbon; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Profile (discrete samples); Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Bottle samples were taken from the Niskin rosette, with duplicate bottles taken at 20, 16, 12, 10, 5, and 1 meter depths. One Niskin was sampled for dissolved constituents. The second bottle was sampled for particulate material. Particulate samples were collected by vacuum filtration of 4 L over 0.2 µm pre-combusted (4 h, 500 °C) glass-fiber filters. Filters were stored frozen (-20 °C) in individual pre-combusted aluminum foil envelopes. On land and after drying (60 °C) overnight, filters were cut precisely in half using a sterilized ceramic roller blade. Half a filter was tightly packed in a tin capsule (EA Consumables) and sent to the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility for analysis of particulate carbon (PC), nitrogen (PN) and δ13C-PC via an elemental analyzer coupled with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The second half of the filter was analyzed for particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) using an Automate autosampler coupled to a Picarro G-2131i measuring [CO2] and δ13C-CO2 after converting all CaCO3 to CO2 by acidification with 10% phosphoric acid. Particulate organic carbon (POC) was calculated as the difference between total particulate carbon (PC) and PIC.; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: Total particulate nitrogen; Abbreviation: Total_Particulate_Nitrogen; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Profile (discrete samples); Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Elemental analyzer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Bottle samples were taken from the Niskin rosette, with duplicate bottles taken at 20, 16, 12, 10, 5, and 1 meter depths. One Niskin was sampled for dissolved constituents. The second bottle was sampled for particulate material. Particulate samples were collected by vacuum filtration of 4 L over 0.2 µm pre-combusted (4 h, 500 °C) glass-fiber filters. Filters were stored frozen (-20 °C) in individual pre-combusted aluminum foil envelopes. On land and after drying (60 °C) overnight, filters were cut precisely in half using a sterilized ceramic roller blade. Half a filter was tightly packed in a tin capsule (EA Consumables) and sent to the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility for analysis of particulate carbon (PC), nitrogen (PN) and δ13C-PC via an elemental analyzer coupled with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer.; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: Delta Carbon-13 of DIC; Abbreviation: Delta_C13_DIC; Unit: per mil; Observation type: Profile (discrete samples); Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Apollo AS-D1 in line with Picarro G-2131i; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Bottle samples were taken from the Niskin rosette, with duplicate bottles taken at 20, 16, 12, 10, 5, and 1 meter depths. One Niskin was sampled for dissolved constituents and the second bottle was sampled for particulate material. Samples for DIC and TA were collected into 250 ml narrow-neck borosilicate bottles by directly filtering through a 0.45 µm filter cartridge. Sampling bottles were rinsed thoroughly and filled from the bottom, overflowing with three times the sample volume, and subsequently routinely poisoned with 50 µl saturated mercuric chloride solution (following Dickson et al., 2007). DIC and δ13C-DIC were determined from triplicate analysis via an Apollo AS-D1 in line with a Picarro G-2131i cavity ringdown system, calibrated with in-house secondary seawater standards, intercalibrated against Dickson Certified Reference Materials (Batch #205). Absolute δ13C for seawater standards was calibrated by running seawater against solid reference materials (e.g. IAEA-C2, NBS-19, NBS-18, NBS-20, TIRI-F) on an Automate prep device coupled to the same Picarro G-2131i (Subhas et al., 2015, Subhas et al., 2019).; Uncertainty: <0.1 per mil; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected; Method reference: Subhas, A. V., McCorkle, D. C., Quizon, A., McNichol, A. P., & Long, M. H. (2019). Selective Preservation of Coccolith Calcite in Ontong‐Java Plateau Sediments. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology. doi: 10.1029/2019pa003731 Subhas, A. V., Rollins, N. E., Berelson, W. M., Dong, S., Erez, J., & Adkins, J. F. (2015). A novel determination of calcite dissolution kinetics in seawater. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 170(C), 51–68. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2015.08.011; Researcher name: Adam V. Subhas; Researcher institution: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Parameter or Variable: Delta Carbon-13 of POC; Abbreviation: Delta_C13_POC; Unit: per mil; Observation type: Profile (discrete samples); Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Bottle samples were taken from the Niskin rosette, with duplicate bottles taken at 20, 16, 12, 10, 5, and 1 meter depths. One Niskin was sampled for dissolved constituents. The second bottle was sampled for particulate material. Particulate samples were collected by vacuum filtration of 4 L over 0.2 µm pre-combusted (4 h, 500 °C) glass-fiber filters. Filters were stored frozen (-20 °C) in individual pre-combusted aluminum foil envelopes. On land and after drying (60 °C) overnight, filters were cut precisely in half using a sterilized ceramic roller blade. Half a filter was tightly packed in a tin capsule (EA Consumables) and sent to the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility for analysis of particulate carbon (PC), nitrogen (PN) and δ13C-PC via an elemental analyzer coupled with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Particulate organic carbon (POC) was calculated as the difference between total particulate carbon (PC) and PIC.; Uncertainty: 0.2 per mil; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: Delta Nitrogen-15 of Total Particulate Nitrogen; Abbreviation: Delta_N15_TPN; Unit: per mil; Observation type: Profile (discrete samples); Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: IRMS; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Bottle samples were taken from the Niskin rosette, with duplicate bottles taken at 20, 16, 12, 10, 5, and 1 meter depths. One Niskin was sampled for dissolved constituents. The second bottle was sampled for particulate material. Particulate samples were collected by vacuum filtration of 4 L over 0.2 µm pre-combusted (4 h, 500 °C) glass-fiber filters. Filters were stored frozen (-20 °C) in individual pre-combusted aluminum foil envelopes. On land and after drying (60 °C) overnight, filters were cut precisely in half using a sterilized ceramic roller blade. Half a filter was tightly packed in a tin capsule (EA Consumables) and sent to the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility for analysis of particulate carbon (PC), nitrogen (PN) and δ13C-PC via an elemental analyzer coupled with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer.; Uncertainty: 0.3 per mil; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: Chlorophyll A; Abbreviation: Chl_a_sensor; Unit: μg/kg; Observation type: Profile (CTD continuous); Sampling instrument: SBE 911plus CTD; Analyzing instrument: Wetlabs WETStar; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: Rhodamine concentration in seawater; Abbreviation: Rhodamine; Unit: μg/kg; Observation type: Profile (CTD continuous); Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Turner Cyclops 7F; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: One Cyclops 7F fluorometer (Turner Designs, #2100-701) with a shade cap was integrated to the CTD rosette for profile measurements. An initial single-point calibration was run prior to the cruise using pre-made 400 ppb Rhodamine WT Dye (Turner Designs, #6500-120) and deionized water at 23 °C. A post-cruise calibration was run by preparing a 400 ppb solution of the dye used in this field study (Kingscote FWT Red Powder 105403-25lb) dissolved in 0.2-micron-filtered seawater acquired from 300 m offshore in Martha’s Vineyard Sound (41.530668, -70.645629) by the Environmental Systems Laboratory (ESL), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. For measurements at 100x gain, the lowest recorded value in the field from outside the dye patch was used as the blank (baseline) calibration value to account for real background fluorescence (e.g., chlorophyll) or turbidity. For measurements at 1x and 10x gain, filtered seawater was used to acquire the blank (baseline) calibration values. For all post-cruise calibrations, the same hardware was installed on each fluorometers as had been used for deployment, e.g., flow-through cap, shade cap, or data logger. Calibration parameters were determined following the equations in the manufacturer’s manual (Turner Designs, 2023).; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: Rhodamine concentration in seawater; Abbreviation: Rhodamine; Unit: μg/kg; Observation type: Surface underway; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Uncontaminated seawater supply; Analyzing instrument: Turner Cyclops 7F; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: One Cyclops 7F fluorometer (Turner Designs, #2110-000-R) was connected to the ship’s underway system using a flow-through cap (Turner Designs, #2100-600) and logged continuously using a DataBank (Turner Designs, #2900-010). An initial single-point calibration was run prior to the cruise using pre-made 400 ppb Rhodamine WT Dye (Turner Designs, #6500-120) and deionized water at 23 °C. A post-cruise calibration was run by preparing a 400 ppb solution of the dye used in this field study (Kingscote FWT Red Powder 105403-25lb) dissolved in 0.2-micron-filtered seawater acquired from 300 m offshore in Martha’s Vineyard Sound (41.530668, -70.645629) by the Environmental Systems Laboratory (ESL), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. For measurements at 100x gain, the lowest recorded value in the field from outside the dye patch was used as the blank (baseline) calibration value to account for real background fluorescence (e.g., chlorophyll) or turbidity. For measurements at 1x and 10x gain, filtered seawater was used to acquire the blank (baseline) calibration values. For all post-cruise calibrations, the same hardware was installed on each fluorometers as had been used for deployment, e.g., flow-through cap, shade cap, or data logger. Calibration parameters were determined following the equations in the manufacturer’s manual (Turner Designs, 2023).; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: Rhodamine concentration in seawater; Abbreviation: Rhodamine; Unit: μg/kg; Observation type: Drifter; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Buoy - drifting; Analyzing instrument: Turner Cyclops 7F; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Two Cyclops 7F fluorometers (Turner Designs, #2110-000-R) were integrated into interchangeable PME Cyclops-7 Loggers with shade caps (Precision Measurement Engineering, Inc) for in situ data logging and were deployed on the Lagrangian drifters with one-minute measurement intervals at a depth of 2.5 m. An initial single-point calibration was run prior to the cruise using pre-made 400 ppb Rhodamine WT Dye (Turner Designs, #6500-120) and deionized water at 23 °C. A post-cruise calibration was run by preparing a 400 ppb solution of the dye used in this field study (Kingscote FWT Red Powder 105403-25lb) dissolved in 0.2-micron-filtered seawater acquired from 300 m offshore in Martha’s Vineyard Sound (41.530668, -70.645629) by the Environmental Systems Laboratory (ESL), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. For measurements at 100x gain, the lowest recorded value in the field from outside the dye patch was used as the blank (baseline) calibration value to account for real background fluorescence (e.g., chlorophyll) or turbidity. For measurements at 1x and 10x gain, filtered seawater was used to acquire the blank (baseline) calibration values. For all post-cruise calibrations, the same hardware was installed on each fluorometers as had been used for deployment, e.g., flow-through cap, shade cap, or data logger. Calibration parameters were determined following the equations in the manufacturer’s manual (Turner Designs, 2023). Parameter or Variable: Total Alkalinity; Abbreviation: TA; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Surface underway; Sampling instrument: Uncontaminated seawater supply; Analyzing instrument: CONTROS HyrdoFIA; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: We installed a CONTROS HyrdoFIA® TA flow-through analyzer (4H-JENA engineering GmbH, Germany) into the R/V Connecticut underway seawater supply (following Seelmann et al., 2019; 2020), prior to the de-bubbling system feeding into the thermosalinograph SBE45 (Seabird Scientific). The source water was directed through a Repligen cross-membrane (MiniKros, 0.2 µm PES) filter into a 250 ml sample holding vessel, to accumulate sufficient volume for analysis and to overcome delay in measurement due to instrument analysis time (~ 9.5 min per sample). From this, the CONTROS analyzed TA as single-point open-cell titration with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) and subsequent spectrophotometric pH detection with 0.002 M bromocresol green (BCG). Both HCl and BCG were freshly made up prior to the cruise and the CONTROS was calibrated onshore using Dickson seawater (CRM Batch #205). The system was conditioned by running 25 underway seawater measurements during the vessel transit, after which we calibrated the system with 5 measurements of secondary in-house reference seawater, calibrated against Dickson CRM Batch #205. The system was set to continuous measurement mode with sampling intervals of 6 samples per 60 minutes. Over the duration of the cruise, we collected 294 continuous measurements for TA using the CONTROS system. Periodically, every ~2 hours, we collected discrete samples (250 ml) from the cross-membrane filter outflow for cross-calibration, poisoned with 50 µl saturated mercuric chloride solution. These were analyzed on-shore using a Metrohm titrator, consisting of an 805 Dosimat and an 855 Robotic Titrosampler. After deployment, the system was again calibrated with secondary reference seawater for offset and drift correction, resulting in a mean accuracy of 0.31%. Precision of the instrument was better than 3 µmol kg-1. Outliers were identified visually and removed, and are a known problem with this analyzer (Seelmann et al., 2019). Outliers greater than two standard deviations away from a rolling 6-sample mean gave similar results to visual inspection, resulting in 8 points (2.7% of all data) removed visually, versus 10 points (3.4% of all data) removed using a standard deviation cutoff (Fig. S1). Finally the TA was recalculated using in situ temperature and salinity.; Uncertainty: <3 μmol/kg; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected; Method reference: Seelmann, K., Aßmann, S., & Körtzinger, A. 2019. Characterization of a novel autonomous analyzer for seawater total alkalinity: Results from laboratory and field tests. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 17(10), 515–532. doi: 10.1002/lom3.10329 Seelmann, K., Steinhoff, T., Aßmann, S., & Körtzinger, A. 2020. Enhance Ocean Carbon Observations: Successful Implementation of a Novel Autonomous Total Alkalinity Analyzer on a Ship of Opportunity. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 571301. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.571301; Researcher name: Adam V. Subhas; Researcher institution: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Parameter or Variable: Depth below sea surface; Abbreviation: Depth; Unit: meter; Observation type: Drifter; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Buoy - drifting; Analyzing instrument: In-Situ Aquatroll 600 Parameter or Variable: Sea water temperature; Abbreviation: Temperature_ITS90; Unit: degree Celsius; Observation type: Drifter; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Buoy - drifting; Analyzing instrument: In-Situ Aquatroll 600 Parameter or Variable: Sea water practical salinity; Abbreviation: Salinity_PSS78; Unit: N/A; Observation type: Drifter; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Buoy - drifting; Analyzing instrument: In-Situ Aquatroll 600 Parameter or Variable: Dissolved oxygen concentration in sea water; Abbreviation: Oxygen; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Drifter; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Buoy - drifting; Analyzing instrument: In-Situ Aquatroll 600 Parameter or Variable: Dissolved oxygen concentration in sea water; Abbreviation: CTDOXY; Unit: μmol/kg; Observation type: Profile (CTD continuous); Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird SBE911plus CTD system; Analyzing instrument: Sea-Bird SBE43; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: Sea water pressure; Abbreviation: CTDPRES; Unit: decibar; Observation type: Profile (CTD continuous); Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus; Analyzing instrument: SBE02 Parameter or Variable: Sea water temperature; Abbreviation: CTDTEMP_ITS90; Unit: degree Celsius; Observation type: Profile (CTD continuous); Sampling instrument: CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus; Analyzing instrument: SBE03; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: Sea water practical salinity; Abbreviation: CTDSAL_PSS78; Unit: N/A; Observation type: Profile (CTD continuous); Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Sampling instrument: CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus; Analyzing instrument: SBE04; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Calculated from conductivity measured by SBE04; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: Depth below sea surface; Abbreviation: Depth; Unit: meter; Observation type: Profile (CTD continuous); Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Sampling instrument: CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus; Analyzing instrument: SBE02; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Calculated from CTDPRES Parameter or Variable: Speed of drifter; Abbreviation: Speed_mph; Unit: miles per hour; Observation type: Drifter; Sampling instrument: Buoy - drifting; Analyzing instrument: SPOT Trace satellite tracker; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Tracker GPS accuracy is approximately 5 meters Parameter or Variable: Sea water temperature; Abbreviation: Temperature_lab_ITS90; Unit: degree Celsius; Observation type: Surface underway; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Uncontaminated seawater supply; Analyzing instrument: SBE45; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Ship's thermosalinograph; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: Sea water temperature; Abbreviation: Temperature_hull_ITS90; Unit: degree Celsius; Observation type: Surface underway; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Uncontaminated seawater supply; Analyzing instrument: SBE38; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Hull-mounted temperature sensor; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected Parameter or Variable: Sea water practical salinity; Abbreviation: Salinity_PSS78; Unit: N/A; Observation type: Surface underway; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Sampling instrument: Uncontaminated seawater supply; Analyzing instrument: SBE45; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Ship's thermosalinograph; Quality flag convention: WOCE flags 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 9 = missing or not collected asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian buoy - drifting buoy buoy - drifting buoy buoy - drifting buoy carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. CTD CTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe Niskin bottle Niskin bottle Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle? nutrient autoanalyzer nutrient autoanalyzer Laboratory Instrument Nutrient Autoanalyzer is a generic term describing an automated flow-thru system used to conduct analyses of several different nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, and silicate) simultaneously from a seawater sample. For example: SEAL AutoAnalyzer 3 HR Continuous Segmented Flow Analyzer oxygen sensor oxygen sensor Any instrument that measures oxygen content in a compound. pH sensor pH sensor generic meter used to measure pH Any of a class of instruments used to quantify pH in a water or other type of sample. salinometer salinometer generic salinometer use salinometer when the instrument type used is unclear but the data include salinity measurements temperature sensor temperature sensor A sensor used to measure temperature. Connecticut Updated information from ICES for the vessel CONNECTICUT from US: UNITED STATES. Name : CONNECTICUT Country(s) : US: UNITED STATES (ISO Country Code) Platform Class : 31: Research vessel Call Sign : WCY4995 MMSI: 367359940 Commissioned Date : 1998 Current Length : 27.4 Built : 1998 WOD Code: 11776 Notes : RV operated by the University of Connecticut (UCONN). Built as Connecticut in 1998, underwent a mid-life refit in 2017 with 14’ midbody extension. Information Sources: - https://marinesciences.uconn.edu/mstc/vesselops/rvct/# - https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:442212/mmsi:367359940/imo:0/vessel:CONNECTICUT - https://wireless2.fcc.gov/UlsApp/UlsSearch/license.jsp?licKey=1557894 - https://marinesciences.uconn.edu/mstc/vesselops/rvctspecs/ - https://www.jmsnet.com/projects/rv-connecticut/ General Comments: Call sign expired in 2018 Not found in Miramar/Equasis Submitted to ICES 2019-05-01 Confirmed by NOAA on 2019-07-01.