{"accessLevel": "public", "bureauCode": ["010:12"], "contactPoint": {"@type": "vcard:Contact", "fn": "Edward F Younger", "hasEmail": "mailto:eyounger@usgs.gov"}, "description": "The surface elevation of lava lakes is an important parameter that can provide insight on the underlying magma reservoir pressure as well as outgassing dynamics of the magmatic system (Patrick and others 2019a). Lava lake elevation may also be useful in forecasting potentially hazardous eruptions on a volcano\u2019s flanks (Burgi and others 2014; Patrick and others 2015).  Precise measurements of lava lake elevation have been challenging in the past, due to thick volcanic gas plumes and the inaccessibility of most lava lakes.  New technologies, such as laser rangefinders, provides new opportunities to measure lava levels with high accuracy and sample rates (Patrick and others 2019b). \nIn this data release, we include data from a continuous (1 Hz) laser rangefinder (Safran Vectronix LRF 7047) measuring the surface elevation of active lava lakes and the solidified crater floor at the summit of K\u012blauea Volcano, Island of Hawai\u02bbi, from 2021 to 2024.  These data span five summit eruptions, which gradually filled Halema\u02bbuma\u02bbu crater with new lava (Mulliken and others 2024).  These data may be useful for understanding lava lake behavior, as well as crater refilling processes.  A detailed description of the methodology is included in Younger and others (2024).  Related digital elevation models of the summit during this period are provided in Carr and others (2023). \nReferences \nBurgi PY, Darrah TH, Tedesco D, Eymold WK. 2014. Dynamics of the Mount Nyiragongo lava lake.  J. Geophys.Res. Solid Earth 119, 4106\u20134122,  https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010895 \nCarr BB, LeWinter AL, Finnegan DC, Zoeller MH, Patrick MR. 2023. Rapid-response digital elevation models of the 2020\u2013present summit eruptions at K\u012blauea Volcano, Island of Hawai\u02bbi (updated 2023-10-24). U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P99NLP4E \nMosbrucker AR, Zoeller MH, Ramsey DW (2020) Digital elevation model of K\u012blauea Volcano, Hawai\u02bbi, based on July 2019 airborne lidar surveys. U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F1ZU8O \nMulliken KM, Kauahikaua JP, Swanson DA, Zoeller MH. 2024. Chronology of recent volcanic activity on the Island of Hawai\u2018i, Hawaii. U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9V3NQYB \nPatrick MR, Anderson KR, Poland MP, Orr T, Swanson D. 2015. Lava lake level as a gauge of magma reservoir pressure and eruptive hazard. Geology 43:831-834. https://doi.org/10.1130/G36896.1 \nPatrick MR, Swanson DA, Orr T. 2019a. A review of controls on lava lake level: insights from Halema\u02bbuma\u02bbu Crater, K\u012blauea Volcano. Bulletin of Volcanology 81:13.", "distribution": [{"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://doi.org/10.5066/P13SQTIC", "description": "Landing page for access to the data", "format": "XML", "mediaType": "application/http", "title": "Digital Data"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "description": "The metadata original format", "downloadURL": "https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/metadata/USGS.65a4dcb5d34e5af967a45d2c.xml", "format": "XML", "mediaType": "text/xml", "title": "Original Metadata"}], "identifier": "http://datainventory.doi.gov/id/dataset/USGS_65a4dcb5d34e5af967a45d2c", "keyword": ["Halema`uma`u", "Island of Hawai`i", "Kaluapele", "Kilauea", "Laser rangefinder", "Lava lake", "USGS:65a4dcb5d34e5af967a45d2c", "Volcanic crater", "elevation"], "modified": "2024-12-05T00:00:00Z", "publisher": {"@type": "org:Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"}, "spatial": "-155.32608, 19.36168, -155.22034, 19.45494", "theme": ["geospatial"], "title": "Continuous laser rangefinder measurements of lava lake and crater filling at the summit of Kilauea volcano, Island of Hawai`i, 2021-2024"}