gov.noaa.nodc:0303533 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-09T13:29:02Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NCCOS Assessment: Post-hurricane assessment of chemical contaminants in nearshore waters and marine sediments at two St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) National Parks, 2021-08-16 to 2022-03-07 (NCEI Accession 0303533) 2025-05-06 publication 2025-04-15 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/pwhs-qr37 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0303533 NCEI Archive Management System 0303533 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Cheryl M. Woodley NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) cheryl.woodley@noaa.gov https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) NCCOS Data Manager nccos.data@noaa.gov https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information pointOfContact Cheryl M. Woodley NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) cheryl.woodley@noaa.gov https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information pointOfContact Lisa May NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) lisa.may@noaa.gov https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information pointOfContact C. Anna Toline National Park Service, Region 2, South Atlantic Gulf, Charleston, SC collaborator Thomas Kelley National Park Service, Virgin Islands National Park, Cruz Bay, St. John, USVI collaborator Dave Whitall NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information collaborator Anthony S. Pait NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) tony.pait@noaa.gov https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information collaborator Emily Pisarski NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information collaborator May, Lisa NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information author McDonald, E. Murphy NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information author Toline, C. Anna National Park Service, Region 2, South Atlantic Gulf, Charleston, SC author Kelley, Thomas National Park Service, Virgin Islands National Park, Cruz Bay, St. John, USVI author Pisarski, Emily NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information author Kothera, Ron NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information author Moffitt, Zachary NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information author Videtto, Emily NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information author Woodley, Cheryl M. NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information author NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital Marine sediment and water column samples were collected in nearshore habitats around the island of St. John, USVI during two sampling trips in late 2021 and early 2022 and following the landfall of two Category 5 hurricanes, Irma (landfall 2017-09-06) and Maria (landfall 2017-09-20). Marine sediment samples were analyzed for trace metals, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), butyltins, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) and biological (Clostridium perfringens) contaminants. Water column samples were filtered over solid phase extraction columns (Oasis HLB, Waters Corp.) and analyzed for pharmaceuticals and personal care products, including UV filters (sunscreens). We also collected seawater turbidity, pH, temperature, salinity and conductivity measurements at each embayment in 2021. Sediment interstitial water (porewater) was used in a sea urchin embryo development toxicity (SUETOX) assay to determine the relative benthic health at each site. Water samples for contaminant chemistry and sediment porewater for the SUETOX assay were collected between 2021-08-16 and 2021-08-21 while sediment samples for contaminant analyses were collected 2022-01-22 – 2022-03-07. Chemical analyses of the seawater and sediment samples occurred between 2022-03-30 and 2023-11-13. Total organic carbon and grain size analyses were also performed on the sediment samples from 2022, as those data can influence the results of each of those tests. The National Park Service Interior Region 2 South Atlantic Gulf requested assistance from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to investigate ocean and coastal ecosystem health and identify stressors (physical, chemical or biological) as a result of Hurricanes Irma and Maria that may be impacting living marine resources. The purpose of this project was to sample for nearshore contaminants likely to have increased post hurricane and assess their risk to park natural resources. This work specifically addresses: (1) determining the chemical contaminant status (presence, magnitude, and extent) along shorelines and embayments of the Virgin Islands National Park and Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument, St. John USVI impacted by the presence of displaced vessels and land-based runoff; and 2) conducting a sediment quality assessment to identify impacts from land-based runoff at potential coral reef restoration sites. Funding Agency: US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) Funding Agency: National Park Service PMIS #244615 under Inter Agency Agreement #P20PG00222 Funding Agency: Coral Reef Conservation Program Project #1133 Funding Agency: Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) Funding Agency: NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) NCCOS Partners: National Park Service NCCOS Partners: NOAA NOS NCCOS, Stressor Detection and Impacts Division, Monitoring and Assessment Branch NCCOS Partners: NOAA NOS NCCOS, Stressor Detection and Impacts Division, Ecotoxicology Branch completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0303533 Preview graphic PNG 0303533 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2025-03-06 publication bacteria biological data CARBON - TOTAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - SEDIMENT CONDUCTIVITY CORAL HPLC PIGMENTS LATITUDE LONGITUDE Ocean pollution and marine debris Pesticides pH POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH) SALINITY SEDIMENT - GRAIN SIZE SEDIMENT - POREWATER CHEMISTRY SEDIMENTS - DRY WEIGHT SEDIMENTS - TOTAL CARBON TOXIC METALS TRACE METALS turbidity WATER FEATURES WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS mass spectrometer microscope sediment sampler - corer sediment sieve trap instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS biological chemical laboratory analyses sediment analysis survey - coral reef theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) CORAL REEF STUDIES project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Caribbean Sea place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NOS/NCCOS > National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian 1133 Coral Disease and Health Consortium (CDHC): Diagnostic Metrics, Epidemiology and Capacity Building project CRCP Project Coral Reef Conservation Program Project #1133 project Provider Project Names Numeric Data Sets > Chemical Contaminants theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Coastal Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Damage Assessment > Pollution EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > In Situ Chemical EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Watershed Data theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > AGRICULTURE > AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS > PESTICIDES EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > BACTERIA/ARCHAEA EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE ENVIRONMENT MONITORING > MARINE SUBMERGED DEBRIS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE ENVIRONMENT MONITORING > MARINE SURFACE ELEMENTS > MARINE SURFACE DEBRIS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > MARINE SEDIMENTS > SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PIGMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > TURBIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > CONDUCTIVITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > WATER QUALITY > SEA SURFACE CONTAMINANTS EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES > COASTAL LANDFORMS > CORAL REEFS theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian NCCOS Research Priority > Stressor Impacts and Mitigation, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment, Climate Impacts on Ecosystems NCCOS Research Topic > Regional Ecosystem Science theme NCCOS Research Areas NCCOS Research Data Type > Field Observation NCCOS Research Data Type > Laboratory Experiment theme NCCOS Research Data Types Biological analyses Butyltins Chemical contaminant analyses Clostridium perfringens Coral reefs Grain size analysis and total carbon Heavy metals Hydrocarbons Marine sediment Organochlorines (pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds, PCBs) Organotins Pesticides Pharmaceuticals and personal care products Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) Pollution monitoring Sea urchin embryo development toxicity test Sediment toxicity Water quality analysis theme Provider Keywords GRANULOMETRIC SIEVES MASS SPECTROMETERS > MASS SPECTROMETERS MICROSCOPES > MICROSCOPES SEDIMENT CORERS > SEDIMENT CORERS TRAPS > TRAPS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Hach 2100P turbidimeter ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, atomic adsorption spectrometry (AAS), or atomic fluorescence spectrometry Incubator for bacterial growth ThermoOrion multimeter gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) gas chromatography/electron capture detection (GC/ECD) gas chromatography/flame photometric detection high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (Agilent 1100 HPLC/AB Sciex API 4000 MS/M microscope for embryo evaluation sieve and balance instrument Provider Instruments COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. John > Cinnamon Bay (18N064W0017) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. John > Coral Bay (18N064W0067) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. John > Cruz Bay (18N064W0062) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. John > Francis Bay (18N064W0013) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. John > Greater Lameshur Bay (18N064W0024) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. John > Johnson's Reef (18N064W0070) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. John > Leinster Bay (18N064W0069) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. John > St. John (18N064W0011) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. John > Trunk Bay (18N064W0009) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. John > Cinnamon Bay (18N064W0017) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. John > Coral Bay (18N064W0067) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. John > Cruz Bay (18N064W0062) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. John > Francis Bay (18N064W0013) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. John > Greater Lameshur Bay (18N064W0024) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. John > Johnson's Reef (18N064W0070) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. John > Leinster Bay (18N064W0069) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. John > Trunk Bay (18N064W0009) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > Virgin Islands > St. John (18N064W0011) place CoRIS Place Ocean/Seas Thesaurus OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > CARIBBEAN SEA place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian NCCOS Research Location > Region > Caribbean Sea NCCOS Research Location > U.S. States and Territories > United States Virgin Islands place NCCOS Regions of Study COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. John > St. John NCCOS Research Location > Region > Caribbean Sea NCCOS Research Location > U.S. States and Territories > United States Virgin Islands OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. John > Cinnamon Bay OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. John > Coral Bay OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. John > Cruz Bay OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. John > Francis Bay OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. John > Greater Lameshur Bay OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. John > Johnson's Reef OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. John > Leinster Bay OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. John > Trunk Bay OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > Virgin Islands > St. John Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument Virgin Islands National Park place Provider Place Names L099KT Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: May, Lisa; McDonald, E. Murphy; Toline, C. Anna; Kelley, Thomas; Pisarski, Emily; Kothera, Ron; Moffitt, Zachary; Videtto, Emily; Woodley, Cheryl M. (2025). NCCOS Assessment: Post-hurricane assessment of chemical contaminants in nearshore waters and marine sediments at two St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) National Parks, 2021-08-16 to 2022-03-07 (NCEI Accession 0303533). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/pwhs-qr37. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license This dataset has been dedicated to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication. SPDX License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) Kimbrough, K. L., and G. G. Lauenstein (Editors). 2006. Major and Trace Element Analytical Methods of the National Status and Trends Program: 2000-2006. Silver Spring, MD. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 29, 19 pp. https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/17784 2006 publication https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/17784 HTTPS https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/17784 NOAA technical memorandum information Kimbrough, K. L. editor Lauenstein, G. G. editor NOAA Institutional Repository publisher crossReference sciencePaper Kimbrough KL, Lauenstein GG, Johnson WE, editors. (2006). Organic Contaminant Analytical Methods of the National Status and Trends Program: Update 2000-2006. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 30. 137 pp. https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/17783 2006 publication https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/17783 HTTPS https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/17783 NOAA technical memorandum information Kimbrough, K.L. editor Lauenstein, G.G. editor Johnson, W.E. editor NOAA Institutional Repository publisher crossReference sciencePaper Bratkovics, S., & Sapozhnikova, Y. (2011). Determination of seven commonly used organic UV filters in fresh and saline waters by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical Methods, 3(12), 2943. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ay05390f 2011 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ay05390f https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ay05390f HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ay05390f journal article information Bratkovics, Stephanie author Sapozhnikova, Yelena author Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) publisher documentDigital Anal. Methods 3(12) ISSN 1759-9660, ISSN 1759-9679, p. 2943 crossReference sciencePaper Apeti, D. A., Wirth, E. F., Leight, A. (A., Mason, A. L., & Pisarski, E. (2018). An Assessment of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Chesapeake Bay, MD and Charleston Harbor, SC. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS ; 240. https://doi.org/10.25923/p4nc-7m71 2018 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25923/p4nc-7m71 https://doi.org/10.25923/p4nc-7m71 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.25923/p4nc-7m71 NOAA Technical Memo information Apeti, Dennis A. author Wirth, Edward Frank author Leight, A. (Andrew) author Mason, Andrew L. author Pisarski, Emily author United States. National Ocean Service National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (U.S.) publisher documentDigital NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS ; 240 crossReference sciencePaper May, L. A., McDonald, E. M., Kothera, R. T., Toline, C. A., McDonough, V., Moffitt, Z. J., Miller, C. V., & Woodley, C. M. (2022). Assessment of sediment porewater toxicity in Biscayne National Park with sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) embryos. PLOS ONE, 17(12), e0278695. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278695 2022-12-06 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278695 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278695 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278695 Journal article information May, Lisa A. author McDonald, Elizabeth Murphy author Kothera, Ronald T. author Toline, Catherine Anna author McDonough, Vanessa author Moffitt, Zachary J. author Miller, Carl V. author Woodley, Cheryl M. author Zhu, Xiaoshan editor Public Library of Science (PLoS) publisher documentDigital PLoS ONE 17(12) ISSN 1932-6203, p. e0278695 crossReference sciencePaper USEPA (1988). Determination of Total Organic Carbon in Sediment (Lloyd Khan Method). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region II, Edison, New Jersey. Available at: http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/guidance/rs/lloydkahn.pdf 1988 publication http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/guidance/rs/lloydkahn.pdf HTTP http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/guidance/rs/lloydkahn.pdf Methodology description information Kahn, Lloyd author U.S. Environmental Protection Agency publisher crossReference sciencePaper Whitall, D., Pait, A., & Ian Hartwell, S. (2015). Chemical contaminants in surficial sediment in Coral and Fish Bays, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Marine Environmental Research, 112, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.08.001 2015-12 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.08.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.08.001 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.08.001 Journal article information Whitall, David author Pait, Anthony author Ian Hartwell, S. author Elsevier BV publisher documentDigital Marine Environmental Research 112 ISSN 0141-1136, pp. 1-8 crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA utf8 environment oceans biota -64.8032 -64.6573 18.2942 18.3767 2021-08-16 2022-03-07 Methods: Report in preparation: May LA, McDonald EM, Toline CA, Kelley T, Pisarski E, Kothera R, Moffitt Z, Videtto E, Woodley CM. 2024. Post-hurricane assessment of chemical contaminants in nearshore waters and marine sediments at two St. John, USVI National Parks. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS XXX, Charleston, SC. xx pages. Sampling design and field collections Sediment and seawater samples were collected under National Park Service permit numbers VICR-2021-SCI-0006 and VIIS-2021-SCI-0023. Sampling for water column and marine sediments was conducted during two field excursions in consecutive years (2021 and 2022). The first sampling trip occurred between 8/16/2021 and 8/21/2021. At the time, all samples for analysis were collected, however marine sediment samples collected for contaminant analyses, frozen and shipped to the contractor laboratory in Texas arrived thawed. A subsequent sampling trip was planned to replace the sediment samples. Sampling for the replacement samples occurred 1/22/2022 – 3/7/2022. Sediment samples from the second sampling event arrived at the contract laboratory in good condition and were used for multiple analyses (trace metals, grain size, total carbon/total organic carbon (TC/TOC), organochlorines (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), UV filters, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP), and the biological indicator, Clostridium perfringens). Seawater samples for PPCP and UV filter analysis and marine sediment samples for the sea urchin embryo development toxicity (SUETOX) assay were collected from select sites/bays around the island (36) during the 2021 sampling trip. For embayments, these samples were collected in the center of the bay and nearshore (within ~10 ft of the intertidal zone, depth <1.5 m). For four sites, only one sample was collected: VIIS dock, VIIS boat ramp, Turner Bay, Kiddel Bay. For four embayments on the south side of the island (Water Bay, Otter Bay, Princess Bay and Borck Bay), a second set of samples was collected by divers on SCUBA from a deeper location within the bay (~15-25 ft depth). These sites had been impacted by boat wrecks following hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017. At all sites, sample handlers donned clean nitrile gloves prior to sample collection and wore no personal care products (sunscreens, etc). Water sample collection and processing Seawater samples (~ 4 L) were collected in precleaned amber glass bottles during the first (2021) field excursion and filtered over solid phase extraction (SPE) columns (Oasis HLB, 6 cc, 500 mg bed mass, Cat. #186000115, Waters Corp., Milford, MA) at the temporary field laboratory using a vacuum manifold and trap apparatus. Seawater was collected from each embayment at the central, nearshore point as described above, or near mid-bay for the few deeper sites. SPE columns were prepared per manufacturer’s instructions, sealed with Parafilm® and wrapped in clean aluminum foil prior to use. The seawater sample was acidified (addition of ~700 μL conc. HCl/ L seawater) and filtered by vacuum filtration over the SPE column. The filtered volume was recorded for each sample/site (range: 710 – 3400 mL). The volume filtered depended upon the particulate load in the seawater, which would inhibit flow. Following filtration (3-4 mL residual seawater remained in the column), the columns were sealed in Parafilm® wrapped in clean aluminum foil, labeled and frozen at -20 °C. Columns were placed in a cooler on ice and transported to the NOAA laboratory in Charleston, SC. Upon arrival, columns were stored at -40 °C until analysis. Marine sediment collection and processing Marine sediment samples for contaminant chemistry, trace metals, Clostridium perfringens and UV filter analyses were collected in precleaned, clear glass jars (125 -250 mL) on the 2022 sampling trip. Grain size sediment samples were also collected on the 2022 sampling trip. Samples designated for the sea urchin embryo development toxicity (SUETOX) test were collected on the 2021 sampling trip. Jars and tubes were placed in dive bags and sample collectors on snorkel and wearing clean nitrile gloves at each sampling site, opened the collection vessels at depth. Sediment was collected by coring the sediment with the open jar or tube, then resealing the vessel with the lid at depth. Samples were placed on ice and transported to the field laboratory. Jar lids were loosened and samples for chemical and biological contaminants analyses were frozen at (-40 °C) prior to shipment on ice to the analytical laboratory. Tubes of sediment for grain size analysis were held at 4 °C, then shipped to the analysis laboratory on ice (chilled, not frozen). Sediment for the SUETOX test was transported to the field laboratory at held at 4 °C until the interstitial water (porewater) was extracted (no longer than 48 h). Sediment porewater was siphoned from each sediment collection jar with a clean 10-mL glass pipet. Porewater was clarified by centrifugation (1200 x g for 20 min) and the supernatant was placed in a clean Teflon bag and sealed with a rod and clip combination. The porewater samples were frozen (-20 °C) and shipped on ice for analysis at the Charleston, SC NOAA laboratory. Samples were stored at -80 °C until analysis. Water quality analysis Water quality parameters were collected at each embayment around the island during the 2021 sampling trip. Conductivity, temperature and salinity were measured using a ThermoOrion multimeter at the central, nearshore site at each embayment or at the mid-bay area for deeper sites. Turbidity and pH were determined by collecting a 50 mL seawater sample in a clean 50 mL polypropylene tube at the central, nearshore location and transporting it at ambient temperature back to the field laboratory. Turbidity was measured on a well-mixed sample aliquot (15 mL) using a Hach 2100P turbidimeter per manufacturer’s instructions. The pH was measured on the remaining subsample of the 50 mL seawater aliquot using a portable pH meter. Grain size analysis and total carbon Grain size analysis was performed by Azimuth Geo Services using SOP GS 92-01, which incorporated a series of sieving and settling procedures and using a deflocculant compound to reduce clumping. Particle fractions were dried, weighed and the deflocculant mass was subtracted. A standard sediment was used to determine the precision of the sample sediment measurements. Grain sizes were reported as particle fractions according to the Wentworth scale. Total organic carbon analysis was performed using the Lloyd Khan method (1988) using high temperature combustion, followed by removal of residual moisture and mass determination. Chemical contaminant analyses Pharmaceuticals and personal care products The extraction and analysis of PPCPs in seawater and sediment followed a modified version of US Environmental Protection Agency method 1694 (USEPA, 2007) and are detailed in Bratkovics and Sapozhnikova (2011) and Apeti et al. (2018). Briefly, for seawater samples, samples were acidified to pH=2 with hydrochloric acid, spiked with isotopically labeled internal standards, then processed through hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Analytes of interest were eluted with methanol and acetone, and then concentrated to 4 mL. For sediment samples, 2 g of wet material, fortified with isotopically labeled internal standards, was extracted via sonication using a phosphate buffer/acetonitrile solution. Extracts were concentrated to remove the acetonitrile, stabilized with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), processed through HLB SPE cartridges, eluted with methanol and acetone and concentrated to 4 mL. For both seawater and sediment extracts, 1 mL of the final extract was used for analysis using high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometery (Agilent 1100 HPLC/AB Sciex API 4000 MS/MS). Analysis was performed in both positive and negative electrospray ionization modes. The instrument was calibrated prior to running each analyte class (r2 ≥ 0.995). All data was analyzed using Analyst software. Metals, hydrocarbons, organics analysis of marine sediments (TDI Brooks) The marine sediment samples collected in St. John, USVI were analyzed for 261 organic and inorganic contaminants by TDI-Brooks, International. The contaminant screening process included assays for organochlorine pesticides (33 compounds), butyltins (4 compounds), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, 157 congeners), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, 51 analytes), and trace metals (16 elements) using protocols from the NOAA National Status and Trends Program (Kimbrough et al., 2006; Kimbrough and Lauenstein, 2006). Sediments were also analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC) and grain size, since organic carbon is positively correlated to sediment contaminant loads and the silt and clay proportions of sediments may preferentially bind organic contaminants (Hassett et al., 1980; Shine and Wallace, 2000). Biological analyses Clostridium perfringens in marine sediments Determination of the number of Clostridium perfringens colony forming units (CFU) in each marine sediment sample were performed by the TDI Brooks contract laboratory using a standard method (American Society for Testing and Materials D5916-96). Briefly, sediment samples (1-10 g, held at 4 °C) were diluted with 5 mL deionized water, vortexed, sonicated and the resulting water was transferred to a separate vessel. The sediment was mixed with fresh deionized water (3 x 10 mL and 1 x 5 mL) and shaken before decanting into the vessel (total of 40 mL extracted sediment). The sediment extract was filtered (0.45 μm) and the membrane filter was placed onto C. perfringens selective media (mCP) and incubated at 44.5 °C for 24 h. Presumptive yellow C. perfringens CFU were counted, then exposed to ammonium hydroxide for 10 s. CFU that turn from yellow to magenta were confirmed as C. perfringens. Sea urchin embryo development toxicity test Sediment porewater toxicity was determined according to a standard method (American Society for Testing and Materials E1563-98) and as detailed in May et al. (2022). Briefly, sediment porewater was thawed at 4 °C for 48 h. Porewater salinity, pH and ammonia nitrogen were measured and the salinity was adjusted to 36 ± 1 ppt using dry artificial sea salts (Tropic Marin, Wartenburg, Germany) or Type 1 water for each sample. Green sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) embryos (~0.5 h old) were exposed to 5 mL of each sediment porewater sample (~200 embryos per vial, n = 4) at 26 °C for 48 h under ambient lighting in a static test. Artificial seawater (ASW, 36 ppt, Tropic Marin) and 4 mg/L sodium dodecyl sulfate in ASW were used as assay negative and positive controls, respectively. Following exposure, embryo developmental stage was scored (target: 100 embryos per vial): 1) normally developed pluteus, 2) malformed pluteus, 3) underdeveloped embryo (prism to early pluteus stage), or 4) arrested development (cell-stage, blastula or gastrula). Percent normal development was calculated from the total number of embryos scored per replicate vial. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. XLSX JPEG PDF 3.052 https://doi.org/10.25921/pwhs-qr37 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/303533 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/303533 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0233/0303533/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0303533 v1.1 was published. 2025-05-06T16:57:33Z NCEI Accession 0303533 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0303533/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0303533 v1.1 published 2025-05-06T16:57:33Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: SEDIMENT - GRAIN SIZE (measured); Units: sediment particle fractions according to the Wentworth scale; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: sieve and balance; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Azimuth Geo Services SOP GS 92-01 (contract laboratory unpublished standard operating procedure); Data Quality Method: Azimuth Geo Services SOP GS 92-01 Parameter or Variable: CARBON - TOTAL ORGANIC (measured); Units: percent of sediment mass; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: sieve and balance; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Lloyd Khan method (1988); Data Quality Method: USEPA (1988). Determination of Total Organic Carbon in Sediment (Lloyd Khan Method). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region II, Edison, New Jersey. Available at: http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/guidance/rs/lloydkahn.pdf Parameter or Variable: TRACE METALS (measured); Units: µg/g dry weight of sediment; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, atomic adsorption spectrometry (AAS), or atomic fluorescence spectrometry; Sampling and Analyzing Method: NOAA National Status and Trends Protocol (Kimbrough, K. L., and G. G. Lauenstein (Editors). 2006. Major and Trace Element Analytical Methods of the National Status and Trends Program: 2000-2006. Silver Spring, MD. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 29, 19 pp.); Data Quality Method: For any trace metals that were detected in the method blank at greater than two times the minimum detectable limit (Fe and Pb), the values for each sample were multiplied by the sample mass, then the result was subtracted from the associated method blank and this value was normalized to the mass of the blank. For PAH analytes naphthalene and biphenyl, some of the methods blanks greater than 2x the minimum detectable limit (likely due to contamination). For those two analytes, we subtracted the method blank from each analytical run and reported the revised value as the analyte concentration. Parameter or Variable: POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH) (measured); Units: ng/g dry weight of sed; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC/MS); Sampling and Analyzing Method: Kimbrough KL, Lauenstein GG, Johnson WE, editors. (2006). Organic Contaminant Analytical Methods of the National Status and Trends Program: Update 2000-2006. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 30. 137 pp.; Data Quality Method: Kimbrough KL, Lauenstein GG, Johnson WE, editors. (2006). Organic Contaminant Analytical Methods of the National Status and Trends Program: Update 2000-2006. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 30. 137 pp. Parameter or Variable: Organochlorines (pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds, PCBs) (measured); Units: ng/g dry weight of sediment; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: gas chromatography/electron capture detection (GC/ECD); Sampling and Analyzing Method: Kimbrough KL, Lauenstein GG, Johnson WE, editors. (2006). Organic Contaminant Analytical Methods of the National Status and Trends Program: Update 2000-2006. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 30. 137 pp.; Data Quality Method: Kimbrough KL, Lauenstein GG, Johnson WE, editors. (2006). Organic Contaminant Analytical Methods of the National Status and Trends Program: Update 2000-2006. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 30. 137 pp. Parameter or Variable: Butyltins (measured); Units: ng Sn/g dry weight of sediment; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: gas chromatography/flame photometric detection; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Kimbrough, K. L., G. G. Lauenstein and W. E. Johnson (Editors). 2006. Organic Contaminant Analytical Methods of the National Status and Trends Program: Update 2000-2006. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 30. 137 pp.; Data Quality Method: Kimbrough, K. L., G. G. Lauenstein and W. E. Johnson (Editors). 2006. Organic Contaminant Analytical Methods of the National Status and Trends Program: Update 2000-2006. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 30. 137 pp. Parameter or Variable: Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) (measured); Units: ng/g dry weight of sediment or µg/L of seawater; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (Agilent 1100 HPLC/AB Sciex API 4000 MS/M; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Modified version of US Environmental Protection Agency method 1694; Bratkovics S, Sapozhnikova Y. (2011). Determination of seven commonly used organic UV filters in fresh and saline waters by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [10.1039/C1AY05390F]. Analytical Methods, 3(12): 2943-2950. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1AY05390F; Apeti D, Wirth E, Leight AK, Mason A, Pisarski, E. (2018). An Assessment of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Chesapeake Bay, MD and Charleston Harbor, SC. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 240. Silver Spring, MD. 104 pp. https://doi:10.25923/p4nc-7m71; Data Quality Method: Modified version of US Environmental Protection Agency method 1694; Bratkovics S, Sapozhnikova Y. (2011). Determination of seven commonly used organic UV filters in fresh and saline waters by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [10.1039/C1AY05390F]. Analytical Methods, 3(12): 2943-2950. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1AY05390F; Apeti D, Wirth E, Leight AK, Mason A, Pisarski, E. (2018). An Assessment of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Chesapeake Bay, MD and Charleston Harbor, SC. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 240. Silver Spring, MD. 104 pp. https://doi:10.25923/p4nc-7m71 Parameter or Variable: Sea urchin embryo development toxicity test (measured); Units: percent normal embryos; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: microscope for embryo evaluation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: May LA, McDonald EM, Kothera RT, Toline CA, McDonough V, Moffitt ZJ, et al. (2022) Assessment of sediment porewater toxicity in Biscayne National Park with sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) embryos. PLoS ONE 17(12): e0278695. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278695; Data Quality Method: May LA, McDonald EM, Kothera RT, Toline CA, McDonough V, Moffitt ZJ, et al. (2022) Assessment of sediment porewater toxicity in Biscayne National Park with sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) embryos. PLoS ONE 17(12): e0278695. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278695 Parameter or Variable: Clostridium perfringens (measured); Units: Colony forming units (CFU); Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: Incubator for bacterial growth; Sampling and Analyzing Method: American Society for Testing and Materials protocol D5916-96. Data Quality Method: American Society for Testing and Materials protocol D5916-96. asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian mass spectrometer mass spectrometer Instrument that measure the massess and relative concentrations of atoms and molecules microscope microscope instrument is used in lab analyses A microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye. sediment sampler - corer sediment sampler - corer sediment coring device gravity or other coring device used to collect surfacial and near-surficial sediment samples sediment sieve sediment sieve USA standard testing sieve (A.S.T.M.E.) trap trap generic type of instrument used to capture sediment, animals, etc.