gov.noaa.nodc:0174135 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-29T13:03:49Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Sea surface and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements in the Atlantic Ocean during the Ship of Opportunity (SOOP) UK to Caribbean lines onboard the MV Benguela Stream in 2017 (NCEI Accession 0174135) 2018-06-29 publication 2018-06-26 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.7289/v57h1gxq NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0174135 NCEI Archive Management System 0174135 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Ute Schuster University of Exeter U.Schuster@exeter.ac.uk http://www.exeter.ac.uk/ HTTP University of Exeter website Institution web page information resourceProvider University of Exeter http://www.exeter.ac.uk/ HTTP University of Exeter website Institution web page information resourceProvider Ute Schuster University of Exeter U.Schuster@exeter.ac.uk http://www.exeter.ac.uk/ HTTP University of Exeter website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Andrew Watson University of Exeter andrew.watson@exeter.ac.uk http://www.exeter.ac.uk/ HTTP University of Exeter website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Schuster, Ute University of Exeter http://www.exeter.ac.uk/ HTTP University of Exeter website Institution web page information author Watson, Andrew J. University of Exeter http://www.exeter.ac.uk/ HTTP University of Exeter website Institution web page information author University of Exeter http://www.exeter.ac.uk/ HTTP University of Exeter website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset includes surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from Ship of Opportunity (SOOP) MV Benguela Stream in the North Atlantic Ocean from 2017-01-21 to 2017-10-19. These data include partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) - water, pCO2 - air, air-sea difference of pCO2, barometric pressure, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, sea surface salinity and temperature. The instruments used to collect these data include barometric pressure sensor and carbon dioxide gas analyzer. These data were collected by Dr. Ute Schuster of University of Exeter. The major objectives of the measurements is to provide a high quality measurements of atmospheric and sea surface fCO2, sea surface salinity, temperature, and other parameters in the North Atlantic Ocean. Funding Information: UK NERC (This work was in parts supported by the UK NERC grant NE/K002473/1 (Radiatively active gases from the North Atlantic region and Climate Change, RAGANARoCC, a component of the UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Feedback Programme), European Union grant 633211 (Optimising and Enhancing the Integrated Atlantic Ocean Observing Systems, AtlantOS, part of Horizon2010)., NE/K002473/1) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0174135 Preview graphic PNG 0174135 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2018-06-06 publication DISSOLVED OXYGEN NUTRIENTS Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water SALINITY - SURFACE WATER SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) analyzer showerhead equilibrator instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical geophysical meteorological surface underway theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS Benguela Stream platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS University of Exeter dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS University of Exeter dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Ship of Opportunity Programme (SOOP) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS North Atlantic Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication BS117A BS117C BS118A BS118C BS120A BS120C BS121A BS122A BS122C BS123A BS123C BS125C BS126A BS126C BS127A project Cruise ID 642B20170104 642B20170121 642B20170203 642B20170219 642B20170329 642B20170414 642B20170426 642B20170524 642B20170610 642B20170622 642B20170708 642B20170817 642B20170902 642B20170914 642B20171001 642B20171011 project EXPOCODE Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords SOOP project Reference Section ID Ship Of Opportunity Program (SOOP) project Research Projects EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS > ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS > SURFACE SALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NUTRIENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Surface measurement Surface underway theme OCADS Study Type MV Benguela Stream SOOP VOS theme Provider Keywords AtmPrs Oxygen SSS SST_C xCO2_sea theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS CO2NDIR > Carbon Dioxide Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer EQUILIBRATORS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian BENGUELA STREAM (call sign: PENR, ICES code: 642B) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian North Atlantic Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Schuster, Ute; Watson, Andrew J. (2018). Sea surface and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements in the Atlantic Ocean during the Ship of Opportunity (SOOP) UK to Caribbean lines onboard the MV Benguela Stream in 2017 (NCEI Accession 0174135). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7289/v57h1gxq. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Cooper, D. J., Watson, A. J., & Ling, R. D. (1998). Variation of pCO2 along a North Atlantic shipping route (U.K. to the Caribbean): A year of automated observations. Marine Chemistry, 60(1–2), 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4203(97)00082-0 1998-02 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4203(97)00082-0 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4203(97)00082-0 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4203(97)00082-0 journal article information Cooper, David J. author Watson, Andrew J. author Ling, Roger D. author Elsevier BV publisher documentDigital Marine Chemistry 60(1-2) ISSN 0304-4203, pp. 147-164 crossReference project Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005 2009-04 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005 related journal article information Pierrot, Denis author Neill, Craig author Sullivan, Kevin author Castle, Robert author Wanninkhof, Rik author Lüger, Heike author Johannessen, Truls author Olsen, Are author Feely, Richard A. author Cosca, Catherine E. author Elsevier BV publisher documentDigital Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 56(8-10) ISSN 0967-0645, pp. 512-522 crossReference project Schuster, U., & Watson, A. J. (2007). A variable and decreasing sink for atmospheric CO2in the North Atlantic. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112(C11). https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jc003941 2007-11-08 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jc003941 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jc003941 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jc003941 journal article information Schuster, Ute author Watson, Andrew J. author American Geophysical Union (AGU) publisher documentDigital J. Geophys. Res. 112(C11) ISSN 0148-0227 crossReference project VOS M/V Monte Olivia Lines 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/MonteRio.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/MonteRio.html Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans geoscientificInformation climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -71.9 -.3 14.4 50.7 2017-01-21 2017-10-19 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 48.172 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0174135.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.7289/v57h1gxq HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/174135 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/174135 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0121/0174135/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0174135 v1.1 was published. 2018-06-29T20:04:23Z NCEI Accession 0174135 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0174135/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0174135 v1.1 published 2018-06-29T20:04:23Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: xCO2_sea; Unit: uatm; Observation type: Surface underway; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Analyzing instrument: NDIR; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) analysis on partially dried gas. NDIR calibration frequency: every 90 minutes using 0 ppm, 250 ppm, 350 ppm, or 450 ppm gas standards. Measurement frequency: every 1 minute except during NDIR calibration routines.; Equilibrator type: Percolator; Equilibrator volume: approx 1 L; Is the equilibrator vented or not: Vented; Water flow rate: 3.5 L/min; Gas flow rate: 0.1 L/min; Drying method for gas: Thermoelectric cooling units followed by permeable membrane dryer and magnessium perchlorate tube; SEA CO2 gas detector manufacturer: Licor, Inc; SEA CO2 gas detector model: LI7000; SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: +/- 0.1 ppm; SEA CO2 gas detector uncertainty: less than 2 ppm; Standardization technique: Primary standards traceable to the WMO-X93 scale. Primary standards from NOAA calibrated in 2008; Standard gas manufacturer: BOC, UK (www.boc.com); Standard gas concentration: 0 ppm CO2 in dry air (UoE 000B052) with CO2 trap to remove any residual CO2 259.97 +/- 0.1 ppm CO2 in dry air (UoE 250B052) calibrated to NOAA/CMDL (http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccgg/refgases/index.html) on 11 Feb 2017 361.00 +/- 0.1 ppm CO2 in dry air (UoE 350B052) calibrated to NOAA/CMDL (http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccgg/refgases/index.html) on 11 Feb 2017 460.21 +/- 0.1 ppm CO2 in dry air (UoE 450B052) calibrated to NOAA/CMDL (http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccgg/refgases/index.html) on 11 Feb 2017; At what temperature was pCO2 reported: In situ sea surface temperature; Method reference: Pierrot et al., Deep Sea Res. II, 56, 512-522 (2009); Researcher name: Ute Schuster; Researcher institution: University of Exeter, UK Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Temperature; Abbreviation: SST_C; Unit: degrees celcius; Observation type: Surface Underway; Analyzing instrument: T-4050; Aanderaa Instruments, Norway; Uncertainty: 0.001; Researcher name: Ute Schuster; Researcher institution: University of Exeter, UK Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Salinity; Abbreviation: SSS; Observation type: Surface Underway; Analyzing instrument: Seabird SBE 45 Micro Thermosalniograph; Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., US; Uncertainty: 0.0002; Researcher name: Ute Schuster; Researcher institution: University of Exeter, UK Parameter or Variable: Barometreic pressure transducer; Abbreviation: AtmPrs; Unit: mBar; Observation type: Surface Underway; Analyzing instrument: Li7000; Li-Cor, ambient engine room pressure calibrated to sea level pressure; Uncertainty: 0.1 hPa; Researcher name: Ute Schuster; Researcher institution: University of Exeter, UK Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Oxygen; Abbreviation: Oxygen; Unit: UMOL/KG; Observation type: Surface Underway; Analyzing instrument: Optode 3835; Aanderaa Instruments, Norway; Uncertainty: UMOL/KGhPa; Researcher name: Ute Schuster; Researcher institution: University of Exeter, UK asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) analyzer Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) analyzer A known amount of seawater is dispensed into a stripping chamber where it is acidified and purged with an inert gas. The amount of CO2 in the resulting gas stream is determined with a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) carbon dioxide analyzer. showerhead equilibrator showerhead equilibrator extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. Benguela Stream Vessel of opportunity; built 1998; port of registry- Groningen, Netherlands;IMO9158594;