gov.noaa.nodc:0307118 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-09T13:29:33Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) PlanetScope satellite, LiDAR, and ground-truth data over barrier islands in Volusia County, Flagler County, St. Johns County, Florida (pre-, in between, and post Hurricanes Ian and Nicole, 2022) (NCEI Accession 0307118) 2025-08-22 publication 2025-08-15 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/6zfb-gy82 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0307118 NCEI Archive Management System 0307118 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Hyun Jung Cho Bethune-Cookman University (B-CU) https://www.cookman.edu/ HTTPS Bethune-Cookman University (B-CU) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Bethune-Cookman University (B-CU) https://www.cookman.edu/ HTTPS Bethune-Cookman University (B-CU) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Hyung-Mi Cho Bethune-Cookman University choh@cookman.edu principalInvestigator Daniel Burow Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University BUROWD@erau.edu https://erau.edu/ HTTPS Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University website Institution web page information collaborator Kelly San Antonio Bethune-Cookman University sanantoniok@cookman.edu collaborator Burow, Daniel Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University https://erau.edu/ HTTPS Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University website Institution web page information author Cho, Hyun Jung Bethune-Cookman University hm0410@snu.ac.kr author San Antonio, Kelly Bethune-Cookman University author Medeiros, Stephen Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University https://erau.edu/ HTTPS Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University website Institution web page information author McCarthy, Matthew Oak Ridge National Laboratory author Zhou, Yao Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University https://erau.edu/ HTTPS Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University website Institution web page information author Herrero, Hannah University of Tennessee, Knoxville author tableDigital This dataset contains environmental and remote sensing data used to assess dune vegetation and morphology changes along Florida’s central east coast in response to Hurricane Ian (September 2022) and Nicole (November 2022). The study area extends from Ponce Inlet in Volusia County to St. Augustine Inlet in St. Johns County, Florida. The dataset is composed of three components: 1. Monthly precipitation: In situ precipitation totals (inches) for Volusia County, Florida. Data were collected using standard rain gauges and obtained from the National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI). 2. NDVI Transects: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values derived from PlanetScope multispectral imagery (3 m resolution) for five time periods: December 2021, March 2022, October 2022, December 2022, and December 2023. NDVI was calculated using the red and near-infrared bands, and transect points were extracted in ArcGIS Pro for natural and armored shoreline features, including sand in front of the foredune, vegetated edge of the dune, and dune vegetation. 3. Average NDVI-LiDAR by Shoreline: Mean NDVI values from PlanetScope imagery combined with elevation data (meters) from airborne LiDAR surveys (2018 pre-storm and 2022 post-storm). Data area aggregated by six dune transect categories to evaluate structural and vegetive changes. The compiled dataset provides a spatially reference record of pre- and post-hurricane conditions of the Florida’s barrier island damaged from the 2022 hurricanes To assess changes in vegetation and elevation along the barrier islands’ shorelines, at selected natural sand dunes and armored dunes with man-made infrastructure such as seawalls. High-resolution satellite imagery from Planet was used to assess the impacts of the 2022 Hurricanes Ian and Nicole on the beach shorelines of Volusia, Flagler, and St. Johns Counties on the Florida Central East Coast. Funding Agency: Department of Education, Title III Funding Agency: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Funding Agency: US National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0307118 Preview graphic PNG 0307118 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2025-07-18 publication images LAND COVER - CLASSIFICATION PLANT COVER PRECIPITATION SHORELINE Vegetation Cover Video Transect Images theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS camera LIDAR line transect sampling rain gauge satellite sensor - visible to infrared video camera instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS aerial photography GIS product imagery in situ satellite data satellite photography theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS PlanetScope platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Bethune-Cookman University dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Coastal Waters of Florida place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS satelliteObservation weatherObservations theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication NASA MUREP DEAP NOAA Center for Coastal and Marine Ecosystems project Provider Project Names EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > VEGETATION > VEGETATION COVER EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > LAND USE/LAND COVER > LAND USE/LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > SHORELINES EARTH SCIENCE > SPECTRAL/ENGINEERING > VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS > VISIBLE IMAGERY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Biosphere Earth Science Ground truth Points_NDVI Mean NDVI LiDAR by Shoreline Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Photo images Planet NDVI Diff images Reference Vegetation Points for classification Shoreline type segment and point Study ROI (Region of Interest) Boundary Shapefile Vegetation Vegetation Classification Accuracy Vegetation Index Volusia County Monthly precipitation 2021-2023 theme Provider Keywords satellite and airborne data theme Provider Observation Categories CAMERA > CAMERA LIDAR > Light Detection and Ranging Line Transect Sampling RAIN GAUGES > RAIN GAUGES VIDEO CAMERA > VIDEO CAMERA instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian ArcPro Ver 3.3 Google Earth, A GPS receiver on cell phone Google Earth, satellite imagery, other aerial imagery, field surveys Planet Scope Constellation sensors PlanetScope Constellation sensor and Airborne LiDAR sensor PlanetScope Constellation sensors cell phone cameras instrument Provider Instruments PlanetScope > PlanetScope platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian PlanetScope constellation The NOAA Data Access Viewer for Airborne LiDAR Sensor platform Provider Platform Names OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Florida, Volusia County, Flagler County, St. Johns County, Florida Atlantic Barrier Islands place Provider Place Names CM365U Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Burow, Daniel; Cho, Hyun Jung; San Antonio, Kelly; Medeiros, Stephen; McCarthy, Matthew; Zhou, Yao; Herrero, Hannah (2025). PlanetScope satellite, LiDAR, and ground-truth data over barrier islands in Volusia County, Flagler County, St. Johns County, Florida (pre-, in between, and post Hurricanes Ian and Nicole, 2022) (NCEI Accession 0307118). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/6zfb-gy82. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license These data were produced by NOAA and are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. NOAA waives any potential copyright and related rights in these data worldwide through the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0-1.0). SPDX License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) San Antonio, K. M., Burow, D., Cho, H. J., McCarthy, M. J., Medeiros, S. C., Zhou, Y., & Herrero, H. V. (2024). Data-Driven Assessment of the Impact of Hurricanes Ian and Nicole: Natural and Armored Dunes in the Aftermath of Hurricanes on Florida's Central East Coast. Remote Sensing, 16(9), 1557. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091557 2024-04-27 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091557 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091557 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091557 related journal article information San Antonio, Kelly M. Department of Integrated Environmental Science, Bethune-Cookman University, 640 Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune Blvd, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA author Burow, Daniel Meteorology Program, Applied Aviation Sciences Department, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 1 Aerospace Boulevard, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA author Cho, Hyun Jung Department of Integrated Environmental Science, Bethune-Cookman University, 640 Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune Blvd, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA author McCarthy, Matthew J. Geospatial Science and Human Security Division, Remote Sensing Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, UT-Battelle, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA author Medeiros, Stephen C. Department of Civil Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 1 Aerospace Boulevard, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA author Zhou, Yao Meteorology Program, Applied Aviation Sciences Department, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 1 Aerospace Boulevard, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA author Herrero, Hannah V. Department of Geography and Sustainability, University of Tennessee, 1000 Philip Fulmer Way, Knoxville, TN 37916, USA author MDPI AG publisher documentDigital Remote Sensing 16(9) ISSN 2072-4292, p. 1557 crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA utf8 environment oceans imageryBaseMapsEarthCover climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere biota -81.1941997 -80.9013351 29.060375 29.930333 2018-01-01 2023-01-01 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. DOCX PNG JPEG Excel Shapefile MOV 312.164 https://doi.org/10.25921/6zfb-gy82 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/307118 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/307118 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0232/0307118/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0307118 v1.1 was published. 2025-08-22T15:57:56Z NCEI Accession 0307118 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0307118/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0307118 v1.1 published 2025-08-22T15:57:56Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (calculated); Units: DN (no unit); Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: PlanetScope Constellation sensors; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The early December 2022 Planet data represent immediate impact and conditions shortly after hurricanes. December 2021 and 2023 were included to represent one-year prior and post-hurricane events, respectively. This study also incorporated images from March and October 2022 to depict the conditions six months before Hurricane Ian and in between the two hurricanes. Cloud-free imagery encompassing the entire study region on a single date was not available for October 2022 and December 2022, so composite images were created by combining imagery from no more than five days apart. Reflectance values from overlapping pixels in these composites were averaged. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated using the red and the NIR bands for each of the five study periods. Planetscope imagery was used to calculate Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using the red and the NIR bands for each of the five study periods (December 2021, March 2022, October 2022, December 2022, and December 2023). Transect points were collected using the NDVI imagery in ArcGIS Pro (Version 3.3) for natural and armored shorelines at specific areas, such as sand in front of the foredune, vegetated edge of the dune, and dune vegetation.; Data Quality Method: Overlaid with the NLCD (National Land Cover Databased) 2021 Land Cover Classification. Parameter or Variable: Mean NDVI LiDAR by Shoreline (calculated); Units: DN (no units) for the NDVI, meters for the LiDAR; Observation Category: satellite and airborne data; Sampling Instrument: PlanetScope Constellation sensor and Airborne LiDAR sensor; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The previously described Planetscope NDVI imagery (from December 2021, March 2022, October 2022, December 2022, and December 2023) and the LiDAR data (2018 pre-storm and 2022 post-storm), were averaged by dune transect categories. These categories include natural dune vegetation, natural vegetated edge of dune, natural sand in front of the foredune, armored dune vegetation, armored vegetated edge of dune, and armored sand in front of the foredune. Averages were used to evaluate hurricane impacts on the natural and armored dunes within the study area. Parameter or Variable: Volusia County Monthly precipitation 2021-2023 (measured); Units: inches; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: rain gauge; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Monthly precipitation data for Volusia County, FL, were downloaded from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). https://data.statesmanjournal.com/weather-data/volusia-county/12127/1948-02-01/table/ Parameter or Variable: Shoreline type segment and point (measured); Units: Latitude and Longitude, Decimal Degrees; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: Google Earth, A GPS receiver on cell phone; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The study location is a narrow stretch of the oceanfront coastlines east of Florida State Road A1A between the St. Augustine Inlet, St. Augustine Beach (29.9102; -81.2895) and Ponce de Leon Inlet, Ponce Inlet Beach, Florida. Google Earth (10.45.0.3 @2023 Google LLC) images were used to collect the points on shoreline segments with distinct shoreline type ( seawall, riprap, sandy beach, boardwalk, etc.); Data Quality Method: Field-measured coordinates, corrected with Google Earth imagery. Parameter or Variable: Photo images (measured); Units: No unit for images, lat/long (decimal degrees) for photographed locations; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: cell phone cameras; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Post Hurricane Photos at Public Beach Parks: Photos were taken at public park locations to document damages after the 2022 Hurricane Ian (late September 2022) and Hurricane Nicole (mid-November 2022). From late September through November 2022, two hurricanes, Hurricane Ian and Hurricane Nicole, impacted the state of Florida. Hurricane Nicole coastal damage in Volusia County shores: Photo images were also obtained on 11 November 2022 of severe dune erosion and residential damage in the area of Wilbur-by-the-Sea, Florida.; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: Reference Vegetation Points for classification (measured); Units: Lat/Long decimal degrees; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: Google Earth, satellite imagery, other aerial imagery, field surveys; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Point data collected at the locations dominated by maritime hammock and lawn groundcover. Parameter or Variable: Vegetation Classification Accuracy (measured); Units: Nominal classes, classification accuracy (%); Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: Planet Scope Constellation sensors; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Planetscope imagery obtained in March of 2022 was used to produce maps of three land cover types: ‘lawn’, ‘hammock’, and ‘built’, using three supervised classification schemes: support vector machine (SVM), maximum likelihood (ML), and random trees (RT). Testing points were used to evaluate the accuracy of the three classification schemes provided in the accuracy table. The SVM classification provided the highest accuracy and was retained.; Data Quality Method: Classification accuracy was conducted. Parameter or Variable: Ground truth Points_NDVI (calculated); Units: None (unitless); Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: PlanetScope Constellation sensors; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sampling and Analyzing Method: PlanetScope imagery was used to calculate Normalized Difference Vegetation Index using the equation NDVI = (NIR – Red) / (NIR + Red). NDVI change values were calculated by comparing NDVI measured at 226 random locations across five time periods: December 2021, March 2022, October 2022, December 2022, and December 2023.; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: Study ROI (Region of Interest) Boundary Shapefile (measured); Units: meters; decimal degrees; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: ArcPro Ver 3.3; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The study location was a narrow stretch of the oceanfront coastline east of Florida State Road A1A, between the St. Augustine Inlet and Ponce de Leon Inlet. The study area boundary was digitized in ArcPro 3.3.; Data Quality Method: Visual and GIS overlay matches with the basemap. Parameter or Variable: Planet NDVI Diff images (calculated); Units: DN (unitless); Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: PlanetScope Constellation sensors; Sampling and Analyzing Method: PlanetScope imagery was used to calculate Normalized Difference Vegetation Index using the equation NDVI = (NIR – Red) / (NIR + Red). NDVI values were compared by subtracting NDVI measured in December 2021 (before hurricanes) from NDVI measured in December 2022 (after hurricanes), and again by subtracting NDVI measured in December 2022 from NDVI measured in December 2023 (post-hurricane recovery period). asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian camera camera An instrument for recording images. LIDAR LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging Remote sensing instrument with laser and receiver that uses time, strength and polarization of return to determine characteristics of target. line transect sampling line transect sampling perpendicular distances from a line A line is traversed by an observer and perpendicular distances are measured from the line to each detected object. Reference https://distancesampling.org/downloads/distancebook1993/index.html; Buckland, S.T., Anderson, D.R., Burnham, K.P. and Laake, J.L. 1993. Distance Sampling: Estimating Abundance of Biological Populations. Chapman and Hall, London. 446pp. rain gauge rain gauge A device to measure the amount of liquid precipitation The definition of liquid precipitation is any form of water falling from the sky as rain. Rain gauge measures the amount of liquid precipitation. satellite sensor - visible to infrared satellite sensor - visible to infrared A space-borne sensor observing in the visible through infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum video camera video camera a camera which makes moving or still images used as the basis for making parameter determinations PlanetScope The PlanetScope satellite constellation consists of multiple launches of groups of individual satellites (DOVEs). Therefore, on-orbit capacity is constantly improving in capability or quantity, with technology improvements deployed at a rapid pace. Each DOVE satellite is a CubeSat 3U form factor (10 cm by 10 cm by 30 cm). The complete PlanetScope constellation of approximately 150 active satellites is able to image the entire land surface of the Earth every day (equating to a daily collection capacity of 350 million km²/day). The constellation is constantly "on" and does not require ordering or acquisition planning. Info source: https://developers.planet.com/docs/data/planetscope/