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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/33" xlink:actuate="onRequest">BACTERIA - BACTERIAL DENSITY</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/83" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CHLOROPHYLL A</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/612" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Ice Depth/Thickness</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/620" xlink:actuate="onRequest">leucine</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/216" xlink:actuate="onRequest">MICROBIOLOGY</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/224" xlink:actuate="onRequest">nitrate + nitrite content (concentration)</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/263" xlink:actuate="onRequest">phosphate</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/307" xlink:actuate="onRequest">SALINITY</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/333" xlink:actuate="onRequest">silicate</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/373" xlink:actuate="onRequest">WATER TEMPERATURE</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/165" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Flow Cytometer</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/178" xlink:actuate="onRequest">fluorescence microscope</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/13" xlink:actuate="onRequest">fluorometer</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/17" xlink:actuate="onRequest">laboratory analysis</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/167" xlink:actuate="onRequest">nutrient autoanalyzer</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/182" xlink:actuate="onRequest">PCR machine</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/34" xlink:actuate="onRequest">pump sampler</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/35" xlink:actuate="onRequest">refractometer</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/157" xlink:actuate="onRequest">scintillation counter</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/156" xlink:actuate="onRequest">spectrophotometer</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/76" xlink:actuate="onRequest">thermometer</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="instrument">instrument</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/2" xlink:actuate="onRequest">biological</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/3" xlink:actuate="onRequest">chemical</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/23" xlink:actuate="onRequest">surface measurements</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/183" xlink:actuate="onRequest">University of Delaware, College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, School of Marine Science and Policy</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/seaname/details/46" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Beaufort Sea</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/seaname/details/52" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Chukchi Sea</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/086c68e5-1c94-4f2f-89d5-0453443ff249" xlink:actuate="onRequest">DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NODC &gt; National Oceanographic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
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PIs: David Kirchman and Matthew Cottrell
Project Name and number: Chemolithoautotrophy in the Arctic Ocean- environmental genomics and functional analyses;OPP0632233

Publication resulting from this research:
- Christman, G.D., M.T. Cottrell, B.N. Popp, E. Gier, and D.L. Kirchman (2011) Abundance, Diversity, and Activity of Ammonia-Oxidizing Prokaryotes in the Coastal Arctic Ocean in Summer and Winter. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77: 2026-2034.
- Cottrell, M.T., and D.L. Kirchman (2009) Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the Arctic Ocean in Summer and Winter. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 4958-4966.</gco:CharacterString>
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                                    <gco:CharacterString>NCEI Accession 0073540 v1.1</gco:CharacterString>
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                                    <gco:CharacterString>published 2011-06-13T13:40:58Z</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Flow Cytometer</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Flow Cytometer</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>A method to enumerate bacterial and phytoplankton cells in seawater and estimate their spherical diameter

Flow cytometers are laboratory based instruments used to measure cells and particles from aqueous samples.  The instrument was initially developed for analysis of Human blood cells for medical purposes, but this technology was adopted by the ocean science community by several investigators, principally Penny Chischolm out of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in late 20th century.  Since then, the technique has been broadly applied, and it is a unique measurement of microbial populations in the ocean because it provides one at a time measures of cells, to extrapolate features such as fluorescence and cell size.  Flow cytometers have been adapted for a number of oceanographic applications such as ship board measurement, and more precise measurement of planktonic fractions.  Additionally, the flow cytometer has been adapted for in-situ deployment (see the corresponding nodc instrument code).</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>fluorescence microscope</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>fluorescence microscope</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Light Stimulating Microscope

An optical microscope used to study properties of substances using fluorescence.  The specimen is illuminated with light of a specific wavelength (or wavelengths) which is absorbed, causing light of longer wavelengths to be emitted.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>fluorometer</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>fluorometer</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>fluorometer</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>laboratory analysis</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>nutrient autoanalyzer</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>nutrient autoanalyzer</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Laboratory Instrument

Nutrient Autoanalyzer is a generic term describing an automated flow-thru system used to conduct analyses of several different nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, and silicate) simultaneously from a seawater sample.

For example:
SEAL AutoAnalyzer 3 HR Continuous Segmented Flow Analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be59">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>PCR machine</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
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          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>PCR machine</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>thermal cycler, thermocycler, PCR machine, DNA amplifier

The thermal cycler (also known as a thermocycler, PCR machine or DNA amplifier) is a laboratory apparatus most commonly used to amplify segments of DNA via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_cycler, 2017-05-02.</gco:CharacterString>
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      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_becd">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>pump sampler</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
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          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>pump sampler</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>generic name for instrument that pumps water from depth to be filtered through a sieve</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
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      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_becc">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>refractometer</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>refractometer</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>refractometer</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be72">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>scintillation counter</gco:CharacterString>
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          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>scintillation counter</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>measures ionizing radiation

A scintillation counter is an instrument for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation by using the excitation effect of incident radiation on a scintillating material, and detecting the resultant light pulses.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
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      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be73">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>spectrophotometer</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
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          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>spectrophotometer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>spectrophotometer, optical spectrometer, spectrograph or spectroscope

An optical spectrometer (spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials.

Butler, L. R. P.; Laqua, K. (1995). "Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-IX. Instrumentation for the spectral dispersion and isolation of optical radiation (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)". Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 67 (10): 1725–1744. doi:10.1351/pac199567101725. A spectrometer is the general term for describing a combination of spectral apparatus with one or more detectors to measure the intensity of one or more spectral bands."</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bea3">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>thermometer</gco:CharacterString>
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          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>thermometer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>generic thermometer or reversing thermometer

use thermometer when temperature is a data type, but the exact
instrument used to measure temperature is unknown</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
    </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
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