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        <gco:CharacterString>On February 5, 2010, the cargo vessel M/V Vogetrader ran aground a shallow forereef in Oahu, Hawaii. In response to the loss of natural resources, three restoration techniques were implemented in 2013: coral outplanting, rubble removal, and passive restoration. In November 2022, monitoring surveys were conducted across three injury zones and nearby reference sites to assess recovery trajectories and compare the efficacy of the restoration efforts. Data collected before restoration during the initial damage assessment in 2010 is included in this data package to improve usability and access for future datasets.

There are 6 datasets described in this data package:

Two datasets including 2010 and 2022 data for (1) coral size for identified taxa at the Vogetrader impact and reference sites across zone, habitat type, and quadrat replicate; and (2) coral abundance for identified taxa at the Vogetrader impact and reference sites across zone, habitat type, and quadrat replicate.

Four datasets of only 2022 data:(1) coral outplant assessment of species, size, and extent of partial mortality ; (2) juvenile coral density and settlement on rubble across varying sites of impact; (3) raw annotations of photoquadrat imagery for analysis of benthic/rubble cover across varying sites of impact; (4) photoquadrat imagery across varying sites of impact.

Data was collected by NOAA's PIFSC Ecosystems Science Division. Funding was provided by PIRO and Hawaii's Division of Aquatic Resources. These data were gathered at the vessel grounding site located on the southern channel entrance to Barbers Point Harbor at a depth of 10 to 14m.

Before-After Control-Impact (BACI) and control-impact survey designs included 10 quadrat replicates for all habitat types of the impact and reference sites. 'Before' refers to 2010, and 'After' refers to 2022. Within each quadrat, divers recorded coral species, maximum diameter, juvenile coral density, and the number of juvenile corals attached to unconsolidated reef framework. To evaluate benthic cover, a traditional National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) protocol was followed; digital photoquadrat images were taken along transect lines at each site. These images were annotated with the web tool CoralNet; ten images were randomly selected per site, overlaid with ten random points, and annotated as either rubble or non-rubble substrate. The assessment of coral outplants included recording species, maximum diameter, and the extent of partial mortality for all outplants relocated in the field.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>These data are one of the results of the preferred primary restoration alternative of monitoring the natural recovery of the grounding site as outlined in the FINAL DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND RESTORATION PLAN and NEPA EVALUATION for the FEBRUARY 5, 2010, M/V VOGETRADER GROUNDING at KALAEOLOA, BARBERS POINT, OAHU.

These monitoring surveys were conducted across three injury zones and nearby reference sites to assess recovery trajectories and compare the efficacy of the restoration efforts.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Funding Agency: Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Aquatic Resources</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Funding Agency: NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Funding Agency: NOAA Pacific Islands Regional Office</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="pointOfContact">pointOfContact</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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      <gmd:resourceMaintenance>
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            <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="asNeeded">asNeeded</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Preview graphic</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:fileType>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/478" xlink:actuate="onRequest">BENTHIC COMMUNITIES</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/46" xlink:actuate="onRequest">BENTHIC SPECIES</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/47" xlink:actuate="onRequest">BENTHIC SPECIES - TAXA COUNTS</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/93" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CORAL</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/536" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CORAL - COLONY SIZE</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/95" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CORAL - SPECIES IDENTIFICATION</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/476" xlink:actuate="onRequest">HABITAT - BENTHIC</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/562" xlink:actuate="onRequest">images</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/511" xlink:actuate="onRequest">PHOTOQUADRAT IMAGES</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/125" xlink:actuate="onRequest">camera</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/30" xlink:actuate="onRequest">photograph</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/40" xlink:actuate="onRequest">swimmer/diver</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/46" xlink:actuate="onRequest">visual observation</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="instrument">instrument</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/2" xlink:actuate="onRequest">biological</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/51" xlink:actuate="onRequest">imagery</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/63" xlink:actuate="onRequest">in situ</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/35" xlink:actuate="onRequest">laboratory analyses</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/34" xlink:actuate="onRequest">survey - coral reef</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/7" xlink:actuate="onRequest">survey - swimmer/diver</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1347" xlink:actuate="onRequest">NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1347" xlink:actuate="onRequest">NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/project/details/302" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CORAL REEF STUDIES</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="project">project</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/seaname/details/93" xlink:actuate="onRequest">North Pacific Ocean</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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                <gco:CharacterString>WMO_CategoryCode</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Coral Reef Ecosystem Division</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Coral Reef Ecosystem Program</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>DAR</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>ESD</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Ecosystem Sciences Division</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>NCRMP</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>National Coral Reef Monitoring Proram</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>PIFSC</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>PIRO</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Pacific Islands Regional Office</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>State of Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Biosphere &gt; Zoology &gt; Corals</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Biosphere &gt; Zoology &gt; Corals &gt; Reef Monitoring and Assessment</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Biosphere &gt; Zoology &gt; Corals &gt; Reef Monitoring and Assessment &gt; Benthos Analysis</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Biosphere &gt; Zoology &gt; Corals &gt; Reef Monitoring and Assessment &gt; Benthos Analysis &gt; Quadrat Monitoring &gt; Photograph Analysis</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Biosphere &gt; Zoology &gt; Corals &gt; Reef Monitoring and Assessment &gt; In Situ Biological</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Biosphere &gt; Zoology &gt; Corals &gt; Reef Monitoring and Assessment &gt; Photographic Analysis</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Coastal Processes &gt; Coral Reefs</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Coastal Processes &gt; Coral Reefs &gt; Coral Reef Ecology</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Coastal Processes &gt; Coral Reefs &gt; Coral Reef Ecology &gt; Benthic biology</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Marine Biology &gt; Coral Communities</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>CoRIS Theme Thesaurus</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/09a78997-581b-4d1b-ae71-b2b3f96ef719" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; BIOSPHERE &gt; ECOSYSTEMS &gt; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS &gt; BENTHIC</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/fa3bc02d-31a7-4456-b716-a8b8f8393c86" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; BIOSPHERE &gt; ECOSYSTEMS &gt; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS &gt; REEF &gt; CORAL REEF</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/dff4d4af-e1e0-4991-884b-a1c088a802b2" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; SOLID EARTH &gt; GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES &gt; COASTAL LANDFORMS &gt; CORAL REEFS</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/03f0c0a3-04a7-4ef8-8ec0-3c2266510815" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; SPECTRAL/ENGINEERING &gt; VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS &gt; VISIBLE IMAGERY</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/33de4965-928a-45d5-acfc-79e006842431" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CAMERA &gt; CAMERA</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="instrument">instrument</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                          </gmd:function>
                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      </gmd:onlineResource>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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          </gmd:thesaurusName>
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CoralNet</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="instrument">instrument</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Instruments</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>small boat</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="platform">platform</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Platform Names</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Barber's Point (21N158W0003)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>COUNTRY/TERRITORY &gt; United States of America &gt; Hawaii &gt; Honolulu &gt; Oahu (21N157W0003)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Oahu Island &gt; Barber's Point (21N158W0003)</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Central Pacific Ocean &gt; Hawaiian Islands &gt; Oahu Island &gt; Oahu (21N157W0003)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>CoRIS Place Thesaurus</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/2006ec69-34f2-4ece-8823-6dc49f892b02" xlink:actuate="onRequest">OCEAN &gt; PACIFIC OCEAN &gt; CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN &gt; HAWAIIAN ISLANDS</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/5488b1cc-08b2-41cf-9bd2-4a2cdd0990de" xlink:actuate="onRequest">OCEAN &gt; PACIFIC OCEAN &gt; NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
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                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gmd:administrativeArea>
                            <gco:CharacterString>MD</gco:CharacterString>
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                      </gmd:address>
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                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
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            <gco:CharacterString>P4T9KC</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Send2NCEI Submission Package ID</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmd:MD_Constraints>
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      <gmd:resourceConstraints xlink:title="NCEI Data Citation Statement">
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: PHOTOQUADRAT IMAGES (measured);
Units: unitless;
Observation Category: in situ;
Sampling Instrument: camera;
Sampling and Analyzing Method: Photoquadrat surveys were conducted similar to the protocol of the National Coral Reef Monitoring Program with the exception of site selection and area surveyed. Still photographs were collected to record the benthic community composition along a transect line with a high-resolution digital camera mounted on a pole. The transect line was stretched across the survey area, capturing varying degrees of impact and reference sites. 10 photos from each site were randomly selected for further analysis for a total of 100 images.;
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Units: unitless;
Observation Category: laboratory analysis;
Sampling Instrument: photograph;
Sampling and Analyzing Method: Benthic habitat images collected during the photoquadrat survey were quantitatively analyzed using the web-based annotation tool, CoralNet (Beijbom et al. 2015). Ten points were randomly overlaid on each image and human analysts identified the organism or type of substrate beneath, with 100 annotations (points) generated per site. Benthic elements falling under each point were identified.;
Data Quality Method: Each analyst is required to complete training and a calibration exercise before approved to analyze (classify/annotate) images, and follows the Benthic Image Analysis Standard Operating Procedure (Lozada-Misa et al. 2017). For a calibration exercise, a subset of photos (~100-150) are selected from the production series and CoralNet assigns 10 random fixed points per photo. Each analyst classifies the same set of points for each of the photos used in the calibration exercise. The goal of the calibration exercise is to assess inter-observer variability.</gco:CharacterString>
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Units: unitless;
Observation Category: in situ;
Sampling Instrument: swimmer/diver</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: CORAL - COLONY SIZE (measured);
Units: cm;
Observation Category: in situ;
Sampling Instrument: swimmer/diver;
Sampling and Analyzing Method: Within one square meter quadrats, adult coral colonies (&gt;=5 cm) and juvenile coral colonies (1 - 5 cm) were surveyed.   Juvenile colonies were distinguished in the field by a distinct tissue and skeletal boundary (not a fragment of larger colony). Each juvenile colony was measured for size by recording the maximum diameter to the nearest 5 mm.  In addition, partial mortality for outplanted coral was estimated as a percent of the colony.;
Data Quality Method: Observations were made by experienced benthic survey personnel who have been trained, undergone a series of calibration surveys and coral taxon identification testing, and have met a set of minimum standards for colony assessment and taxon identification.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: CORAL - SPECIES IDENTIFICATION (measured);
Units: unitless;
Observation Category: in situ;
Sampling Instrument: swimmer/diver;
Sampling and Analyzing Method: Within one square meter quadrats, adult coral colonies (&gt;=5 cm) and juvenile coral colonies (1 - 5 cm) were surveyed.   Juvenile colonies were distinguished in the field by a distinct tissue and skeletal boundary (not a fragment of larger colony).   Each juvenile colony was identified to genus level.
Adult colonies were identified to lowest taxonomic level possible (species or genus). The list of coral species is included with this data package.;
Data Quality Method: Observations were made by experienced benthic survey personnel who have been trained, undergone a series of calibration surveys and coral taxon identification testing, and have met a set of minimum standards for colony assessment and taxon identification in each region.  The list of coral species is included for this study.</gco:CharacterString>
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