gov.noaa.nodc:0273560 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-04-28T21:11:19Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Coral Reef Ecosystem Research Consisting Of Biologic Data, LADCP, SADCP, and Flowthrough Data from NOAA Ship Nancy Foster in Caribbean Sea from 2007-03-30 to 2011-05-07 (NCEI Accession 0273560) 2023-01-06 publication 2022-11-28 creation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0273560 NCEI Archive Management System 0273560 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Lee Weinberger NOAA Fisheries (NMFS) Lee.Weinberger@noaa.gov https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Fisheries (NMFS) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southeast-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Ryan H. Smith NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Ryan.Smith@noaa.gov https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator John Lamkin NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) john.lamkin@noaa.gov https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southeast-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Trika Gerard NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) trika.gerard@noaa.gov https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southeast-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Elizabeth Johns NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) libby.johns@noaa.gov https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Estrella Malca NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center Miami Laboratory estrella.malca@noaa.gov https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southeast-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center Miami Laboratory website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Aki Shiroza NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) Aki.shiroza@noaa.gov https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southeast-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) website Institution web page information collaborator Grant Rawson NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) grant.rawson@noaa.gov https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information collaborator Sarah Privoznik NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) sarah.privoznik@noaa.gov https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southeast-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) website Institution web page information collaborator Nelson Melo NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Nelson.Melo@noaa.gov https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information collaborator Smith, Ryan NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information author Lamkin, John NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southeast-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) website Institution web page information author Johns, Elizabeth NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory libby.johns@noaa.gov https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information author Gerard, Trika NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southeast-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) website Institution web page information author Malca, Estrella NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center; Miami, FL Laboratory https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southeast-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center Miami Laboratory website Institution web page information author NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southeast-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) website Institution web page information contributor NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) scientists from the Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) and Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), working with scientists from the University of the Virgin Islands (UVI) in St. Thomas conducted a multi-year interdisciplinary research project using the NOAA Ship Nancy Foster to conduct biological and physical oceanographic surveys of the Virgin Islands’ (VI) bank ecosystems and surrounding regional waters. The long-term sustainability of fisheries in the VI and surrounding regions is dependent on a comprehensive understanding of regional spawning aggregations, larval transport, and overall larval recruitment in the study area This survey sampled water properties, currents, and dispersal and transport of settlement-stage larvae in the VI and neighboring regions. Data in this archival package includes: processed larval fish data collected from the various net tows (BONGO, MOCNESS, etc.) , processed data from all conductivity, temperature, depth (CTD) casts, processed data from all lowered acoustic Doppler profiler (LADCP) casts, processed hull-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (SADCP), processed sea surface, flow-through data collected with the ship's thermosalinograph (TSG) and fluorometer collected aboard NOAA Ship Nancy Foster during cruises NF-0705, NF-0805, NF-0903 NF-1001,NF-1002 and NF-1102 from 2007-04-07 to 2011-05-07. To provide an understanding of regional spatial variation in the supply of settlement-stage fishes, and also insights into the relative importance of Grammanik Bank and its Marine Protected Areas as a source of juvenile fishes recruiting to the waters of the VI. Funding Agency: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) Funding Agency: NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center Funding Agency: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0273560 Preview graphic PNG 0273560 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2022-11-15 publication ANIMALS - GROUP - NUMBER IN GROUP WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS ADCP CTD Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) net visual observation instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS biological in situ laboratory analyses theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA Ship Nancy Foster platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) CORAL REEF STUDIES project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Caribbean Sea place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NMFS/SEFSC > Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/OAR/AOML > Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Numeric Data Sets > Biology Numeric Data Sets > Oceanography theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Microbiota > Pigments > Chlorophylls EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Oxygen EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Salinity/Density > Conductivity EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Water Velocity theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian ADCP > Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth MOCNESS > MOCNESS Plankton Net NETS > NETS VISUAL OBSERVATIONS > VISUAL OBSERVATIONS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ships platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian NANCY FOSTER (call sign: WTER, ICES code: 33NF, 2004-) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes COUNTRY/TERRITORY > British Overseas Territory > British Virgin Islands > British Virgin Islands (18N064W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Dominican Republic > Dominican Republic (19N070W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Puerto Rico > Puerto Rico (18N066W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > U. S. Virgin Islands > U. S. Virgin Islands (17N064W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea /North Atlantic Ocean > Dominican Republic > Dominican Republic (19N070W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea /North Atlantic Ocean > Puerto Rico > Puerto Rico (18N066W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > British Virgin Islands > British Virgin Islands (18N064W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > Lesser Antilles > U. S. Virgin Islands (17N064W0000) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > CARIBBEAN SEA place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian 3H62DN Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: Public otherRestrictions Cite as: Smith, Ryan; Lamkin, John; Johns, Elizabeth; Gerard, Trika; Malca, Estrella (2023). Coral Reef Ecosystem Research Consisting Of Biologic Data, LADCP, SADCP, and Flowthrough Data from NOAA Ship Nancy Foster in Caribbean Sea from 2007-03-30 to 2011-05-07 (NCEI Accession 0273560). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0273560. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 2022: Coral Reef Ecosystem Research Consisting Of Biologic Data, LADCP, SADCP, and Flowthrough Data from Nancy Foster in Caribbean Sea from 2007-03-30 to 2011-05-07 (NCEI Accession 0273560), https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/68639. 2022 publication gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:68639 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/68639 HTTPS https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/68639 InPort Record information NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southeast-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) website Institution web page information publisher tableDigital crossReference study Cruise report, coral reef ecosystem research NOAA ship Nancy Foster, NF-07-05 (US STATE DEPARTMENT CRUISE ID: DOS-2006-113), March 28, 2007 through April 9, 2007 2007-05-01 publication https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/46447 HTTPS Cruise report, coral reef ecosystem research NOAA ship Nancy Foster, NF-07-05 (US STATE DEPARTMENT CRUISE ID: DOS-2006-113), March 28, 2007 through April 9, 2007 Cruise Report - NF-07-05 information documentDigital crossReference sciencePaper Cruise report, coral reef ecosystem research NOAA ship Nancy Foster, NF-08-05 (US STATE DEPARTMENT CRUISE ID: DOS-2007-105), March 11, 2008 through March 24, 2008 2008-05-01 publication https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/46446 HTTPS Cruise report, coral reef ecosystem research NOAA ship Nancy Foster, NF-08-05 (US STATE DEPARTMENT CRUISE ID: DOS-2007-105), March 11, 2008 through March 24, 2008 Cruise Report - NF-08-05 information documentDigital crossReference sciencePaper Cruise report, coral reef ecosystem research NOAA ship Nancy Foster, NF-09-03, April 7-20, 2009 2009-05-20 publication https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/635 HTTPS Cruise report, coral reef ecosystem research NOAA ship Nancy Foster, NF-09-03, April 7-20, 2009 Cruise Report - NF-09-03 information documentDigital crossReference sciencePaper Cruise report, coral reef ecosystem research NOAA ship Nancy Foster, NF-10-01 and NF-10-02 (US STATE DEPARTMENT CRUISE ID: DOS-2009-107), 16 February 2010 – 2 March 2010 (NF-10-01) 5 – 15 March 2010 (NF-10-02) 2010-04-10 publication https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/46445 HTTPS Cruise report, coral reef ecosystem research NOAA ship Nancy Foster, NF-10-01 and NF-10-02 (US STATE DEPARTMENT CRUISE ID: DOS-2009-107), 16 February 2010 – 2 March 2010 (NF-10-01) 5 – 15 March 2010 (NF-10-02) Cruise Report - NF-11-02 information documentDigital crossReference sciencePaper Cruise report, coral reef ecosystem research NOAA ship Nancy Foster, NF-11-02 (US STATE DEPARTMENT CRUISE ID: DOS F2010-122), 19 April 2011 through 7 May 2011 2011-05-25 publication https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/46444 HTTPS Cruise report, coral reef ecosystem research NOAA ship Nancy Foster, NF-11-02 (US STATE DEPARTMENT CRUISE ID: DOS F2010-122), 19 April 2011 through 7 May 2011 Cruise Report - NF-11-02 information documentDigital crossReference sciencePaper U.S. Virgin Islands larval reef fish distribution and supply connectivity science, MPAs, and fisheries management 2009 publication https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/634 HTTPS U.S. Virgin Islands larval reef fish distribution and supply connectivity science, MPAs, and fisheries management Project Report information documentDigital crossReference sciencePaper U.S. Virgin Islands larval reef fish distribution and supply connectivity science, MPAs, and fisheries management 2009 publication https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/548 HTTPS USVI larval reef fish supply study : 2007-08 report Project Report information documentDigital crossReference sciencePaper Malca, Estrella; NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (2020). Ichthyoplankton (biological) data collected aboard NOAA Ship Nancy Foster during cruise 0903 from 2009-04-07 to 2009-04-20 (NCEI Accession 0071978). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0071978. 2020-05-13 publication NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0071978 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0071978 HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0071978 Related dataset information Malca, Estrella NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southeast-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) website Institution web page information author NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/about/southeast-fisheries-science-center HTTPS NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/SEFSC) website Institution web page information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA utf8 environment oceans biota -76.5178 -62.1287 16.5 25.63383 2007-03-30 2011-05-07 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 563.764 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0273560 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/273560 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/273560 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0210/0273560/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0273560 v1.1 was published. 2023-01-06T20:27:05Z NCEI Accession 0273560 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0273560/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0273560 v1.1 published 2023-01-06T20:27:05Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: WATER TEMPERATURE (measured); Units: degrees Celsius; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Yes; Data Quality Method: None Parameter or Variable: ANIMALS - GROUP - NUMBER IN GROUP (measured); Units: none; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: visual observation asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian ADCP ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler The Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measures currents beneath a ship while underway. Sound signals sent from the moving ship bounce back to receivers aboard the ship. This provides a profile of water movement relative to the ship-precise modern navigation, allowing the ship's motion to be subtracted from the data. These devices are also used on moorings and profilers and, along with acoustic backscattering, measure animal biomass. Particles in the path of the sound waves, mostly plankton, reflect a small part of the sound energy back toward receivers, allowing researchers to make remote estimates of the sizes and numbers of animals present in the water column. Before the 1970's, the most technologically advanced instrument used to measure water velocity was known as a Doppler speed log. This evolved into the first commercial ADCP, produced in the mid-1970's, which used averaging. Later in the 1970's, the first vessel-mounted ADCP was developed to measure water velocity more accurately and to allow measurement in range cells over a depth profile. As instruments evolved, so did new techniques in Doppler signal processing. Initially, Doppler speed logs used simple analog signal processing methods, which are still used in some commercial speed logs today. However, the first ADCPs incorporated analog-to-digital signal conversion over a narrow communication bandwidth. Around 1990, this technique was developed into broadband signal processing. Since then, broadband ADCPs have been able to generate very accurate, real-time velocity measurements. CTD CTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) MOCNESS is a much-improved, high-tech version of the humble sampling net. The letters in MOCNESS refer to the specific improvements: it's a Multiple Opening and Closing Net, with an Environmental Sensing System. As MOCNESS tows behind a research ship, each net can be opened and shut independently so that it samples a discrete patch of water. The researcher chooses exactly when by using the environmental sensing system. This is an array of sensors mounted on the instrument frame that relays water conditions up to the ship in real time. The data also help researchers match what they find in their sample to the physical properties of the seawater. net net net visual observation visual observation not an instrument - maybe an observation type NOAA Ship Nancy Foster Title: NOAA Ship Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Research Vessel (Environmental) DOB: May 1991 IMO: 8993227 Former Name: Agate Pass (YTT-12) (2002)