gov.noaa.nodc:0315806 eng utf8 nonGeographicDataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-26T08:31:05Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Experimental 13C and 14C measurements of net primary production and calcification rates in laboratory cultures and field incubations collected from 2022-07-15 to 2025-03-28 (NCEI Accession 0315806) 2026-07-10 publication 2026-06-12 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/5tha-g429 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0315806 NCEI Archive Management System 0315806 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Chloe L. Smith Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) chloe.smith@whoi.edu http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Kimberlee Thamatrakoln Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey thamat@marine.rutgers.edu principalInvestigator Kay Bidle Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey kbidle@marine.rutgers.edu principalInvestigator Adam Subhas Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Austin Grubb Oak Ridge Associated Universities - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center principalInvestigator Chloe L. Smith Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) chloe.smith@whoi.edu http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Smith, Chloe L. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Grubb, Austin Oak Ridge Associated Universities - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center author Bidle, Kay D. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey author Thamatrakoln, Kimberlee Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey author Subhas, Adam V. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey contributor Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset contains laboratory culture and field-based measurements of phytoplankton net primary production (NPP) and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) production derived from stable isotope (13C) and radioisotope (14C) tracer incubations. Laboratory experiments were conducted using cultures of the diatom Chaetoceros tenuissimus and the coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa huxleyi under controlled conditions with incubation durations of 8 and 24 hours. Calcification measurements are included for G. huxleyi, with experiments spanning a range of cell concentrations (10^3 – 10^5cells mL⁻¹), while diatom experiments were conducted at a fixed concentration (10^5 cells mL^-1). Field observations were collected as part of in situ incubation experiments conducted at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site, including depth-resolved measurements of NPP and calcification. Laboratory and field datasets include particulate organic carbon production rates, particulate inorganic carbon production rates, tracer incorporation values, cell-normalized production rates, incubation durations, and associated experimental metadata. All measurements were generated using parallel 13C and 14C tracer incubation approaches, enabling paired estimates of carbon fixation pathways under laboratory and in situ conditions. The dataset supports evaluation of isotope-based tracer methods and provides vertically resolved estimates of phytoplankton productivity and calcification in oligotrophic marine environments using production arrays. Intercomparison of 13C and 14C incubations for estimates of net primary production (NPP) and calcification rates Funding Information: NOAA (mCDR 2023: Assessing the laboratory and field response of diatoms and coccolithophores to ocean alkalinity enhancement, NOAA-OAR-OAP-2023-2007714) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0315806 Preview graphic PNG 0315806 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2026-06-08 publication DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON INCUBATION - LIGHT INCUBATION - TIME PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS biological chemical laboratory experiments theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS RV Atlantic Explorer platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS East Coast - US/Canada North Atlantic Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication WHOI > WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian (RIPPLE3) AE2316 AE2320 project Cruise ID 33H420230726 project EXPOCODE Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords BATS project Reference Section ID LOC-NESS project Research Projects EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ORGANIC CARBON theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Laboratory experiment theme OCADS Study Type 13C.filter.vol.ml 13C.inc.vol.ml 13C.pic.pg.C.cell.hr 13C.poc.pg.C.cell.hr 14C.R.total 14C.Rs.pic 14C.Rs.poc 14C.inc.vol.ml 14C.pic.pgC.cell.h 14C.poc.pgC.cell.h AVG Date Depth Duration Metric STDEV TC.mgC.m3 TC.ug Tracer cells.ml.initial culture.label delta.t.hr experiment.date f13.poc.final f13.poc.initial f13C.pic.final f13C.pic.initial incubation.length.h light.period.h pic.cell poc.cell rep1 rep2 rep3 replicate species.strain theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ships platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Atlantic Explorer (call sign: WDC9417, ICES code: 33H4, 2005-) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Sargasso Sea place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Smith, Chloe L.; Grubb, Austin; Bidle, Kay D.; Thamatrakoln, Kimberlee; Subhas, Adam V. (2026). Experimental 13C and 14C measurements of net primary production and calcification rates in laboratory cultures and field incubations collected from 2022-07-15 to 2025-03-28 (NCEI Accession 0315806). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/5tha-g429. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license This dataset has been dedicated to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication. SPDX License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program Enright, Matt P.; Bates, Nicholas (2023). Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), water temperature, salinity and barometric pressure collected from surface underway coastal observations during R/V Atlantic Explorer cruises in the North Atlantic Ocean in 2023 (NCEI Accession 0276354). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/r7vk-e838. 2023-01-20 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25921/r7vk-e838 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0276354 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0276354.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0276354.html Related dataset information Enright, Matt P. Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences http://www.bios.edu HTTP Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) website Institution web page information author Bates, Nicholas Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences http://www.bios.edu HTTP Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) website Institution web page information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference project eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -64.724566 -64.043853 31.6132183 32.4006 2022-07-15 2025-03-28 This data package (Submission ID: BJ23K1VKR) was acquired by NCEI from the Scientific Data Integration System (SDIS) at the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) in accordance with the archival submission agreement between NCEI and PMEL. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Excel 0.5 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0315806.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/5tha-g429 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/315806 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/315806 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0247/0315806/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0315806 v1.1 was published. 2026-07-10T20:28:36Z NCEI Accession 0315806 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0315806/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0315806 v1.1 published 2026-07-10T20:28:36Z download nonGeographicDataset Parameter or Variable: Culture Experimental Labels; Abbreviation: culture.label; Unit: N/A; Observation type: Laboratory experiment Parameter or Variable: Length of Incubation Period; Abbreviation: incubation.length.h; Unit: Hours; Observation type: Laboratory experiment Parameter or Variable: Experiment Start Date; Abbreviation: experiment.date; Unit: day-month-year; Observation type: Laboratory experiment Parameter or Variable: Culture Strain for Species; Abbreviation: species.strain; Unit: N/A; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: C. tenuissimus 2-10 or E. huxleyi 374C; Biological subject: Gephyrocapsa huxleyi and Chaetoceros tenuissimus; Species ID: Gephyrocapsa huxleyi and Chaetoceros tenuissimus Parameter or Variable: Replicate Number; Abbreviation: replicate; Unit: numerical; Observation type: Laboratory experiment Parameter or Variable: Total Incubation Time; Abbreviation: delta.t.hr; Unit: hours; Observation type: Laboratory experiment Parameter or Variable: Incubation Light Period; Abbreviation: light.period.h; Unit: hours; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; Sampling instrument: N/A; Analyzing instrument: N/A; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Differing incubators for each species. C. ten grown in 12:12 light:dark period. G. hux grown in 14:10 light:dark period Parameter or Variable: Total Volume 14C Incubation; Abbreviation: 14C.inc.vol.ml; Unit: mL; Observation type: Laboratory experiment Parameter or Variable: Total Volume 13C Incubation; Abbreviation: 13C.inc.vol.ml; Unit: mL; Observation type: Laboratory experiment Parameter or Variable: Initial Cell Concentration; Abbreviation: cells.ml.initial; Unit: cells/mL; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: MANIPULATIONCONDITION; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Analyzing instrument: BD Accuri C6+, BD Biosciences; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Cell concentration was measured daily by flow cytometry (BD Accuri C6+, BD Biosciences) using chlorophyll, forward scatter (FSC), and side-scatter (SSC) as optical discriminators to discern cell gates for enumeration. Samples were analyzed at the instrument’s medium flow rate (~34 µL min-1). Total counting time and analyzed volume were adjusted according to cell concentration to ensure adequate event counts, with typical acquisition times of 30 s (∼17 µL analyzed) for ~105 cells mL-1, 2 min (∼69 µL) for ~104 cells mL-1, and 4 min (∼138 µL) for ~103 cells mL-1. Parameter or Variable: Total Dissolved Carbon; Abbreviation: TC.mgC.m3; Unit: mgC/m^3; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: MANIPULATIONCONDITION; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Analyzing instrument: Apollo C6-L (Apollo SciTech) analyzer unit in line with a LI-COR L1-7815; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: DIC was determined in triplicate using an Apollo C6-L (Apollo SciTech) analyzer unit in line with a LI-COR L1-7815, with in-house secondary seawater standards run in triplicate after 24 individual samples. All measurements were calibrated against in-house secondary seawater standards, which were intercalibrated against Dickson Certified Reference Materials (CRM Batch #205). Parameter or Variable: Total Initial14C Activity; Abbreviation: 14C.R.total; Unit: decays per minute (dpm); Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: MANIPULATIONCONDITION; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Analyzing instrument: liquid scintillation analyzer (Tri-Carb Model 5110R, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 10 mL cultures were spiked with 5 μCi (185,000 Bq) of NaH14CO3 and incubated for either 8 h or 24 h. Incubations were terminated by filtration onto 0.6 µm pore-sized polycarbonate filters and rinsed 3x with 0.2µm-filtered seawater (FSW) to remove unincorporated, dissolved H14CO3-. Filters were placed into 20mL glass scintillation vials, sealed with rubber septa, and fitted with plastic center wells (DWK Life Sciences, Millville, NJ) containing Whatman paper (“wicks”) pre-wetted with 200 µl of phenylethylamine (PEA). One ml of 1% phosphoric acid was added and incubated overnight at RT with shaking; this volume was sufficient to wet and submerge the filter. PEA-soaked wicks (containing captured 14CO2 from acid-solubilized and -volatized PI14C) were transferred to clean scintillation vials; PO14C remained in the filter and acid mixture. Scintillation cocktail (ScintiVerse™ BD Cocktail, Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ) was added to each vial. Vials were incubated in the dark for 24 h, followed by counting using a liquid scintillation analyzer (Tri-Carb Model 5110R, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA).; Researcher name: Austin Grubb Parameter or Variable: 14C Activity in Particulate Organic Carbon (POC); Abbreviation: 14C.Rs.poc; Unit: decays per minute (dpm); Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: GFF; Analyzing instrument: liquid scintillation analyzer (Tri-Carb Model 5110R, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 10 mL cultures were spiked with 5 μCi (185,000 Bq) of NaH14CO3 and incubated for either 8 h or 24 h. Incubations were terminated by filtration onto 0.6 µm pore-sized polycarbonate filters and rinsed 3x with 0.2µm-filtered seawater (FSW) to remove unincorporated, dissolved H14CO3-. Filters were placed into 20mL glass scintillation vials, sealed with rubber septa, and fitted with plastic center wells (DWK Life Sciences, Millville, NJ) containing Whatman paper (“wicks”) pre-wetted with 200 µl of phenylethylamine (PEA). One ml of 1% phosphoric acid was added and incubated overnight at RT with shaking; this volume was sufficient to wet and submerge the filter. PEA-soaked wicks (containing captured 14CO2 from acid-solubilized and -volatized PI14C) were transferred to clean scintillation vials; PO14C remained in the filter and acid mixture. Scintillation cocktail (ScintiVerse™ BD Cocktail, Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ) was added to each vial. Vials were incubated in the dark for 24 h, followed by counting using a liquid scintillation analyzer (Tri-Carb Model 5110R, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA).; Researcher name: Austin Grubb Parameter or Variable: 14C Activity in Particulate Inorganic Carbon (PIC); Abbreviation: 14C.Rs.pic; Unit: decays per minute (dpm); Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: GFF_filtered; Analyzing instrument: liquid scintillation analyzer (Tri-Carb Model 5110R, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 10 mL cultures were spiked with 5 μCi (185,000 Bq) of NaH14CO3 and incubated for either 8 h or 24 h. Incubations were terminated by filtration onto 0.6 µm pore-sized polycarbonate filters and rinsed 3x with 0.2µm-filtered seawater (FSW) to remove unincorporated, dissolved H14CO3-. Filters were placed into 20mL glass scintillation vials, sealed with rubber septa, and fitted with plastic center wells (DWK Life Sciences, Millville, NJ) containing Whatman paper (“wicks”) pre-wetted with 200 µl of phenylethylamine (PEA). One ml of 1% phosphoric acid was added and incubated overnight at RT with shaking; this volume was sufficient to wet and submerge the filter. PEA-soaked wicks (containing captured 14CO2 from acid-solubilized and -volatized PI14C) were transferred to clean scintillation vials; PO14C remained in the filter and acid mixture. Scintillation cocktail (ScintiVerse™ BD Cocktail, Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ) was added to each vial. Vials were incubated in the dark for 24 h, followed by counting using a liquid scintillation analyzer (Tri-Carb Model 5110R, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA).; Researcher name: Austin Grubb Parameter or Variable: 14C-Based Particulate Organic Carbon Production Rate; Abbreviation: 14C.poc.pgC.cell.h; Unit: pg C/cell/hour; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Sampling instrument: N/A; Analyzing instrument: N/A; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: PIC and POC fixation rates were calculated according to (Paasche and Brubak 1994), where the amount of particulate carbon (R_C14; mg C cell-1 h-1) produced is determined accordingly: 𝑅_𝐶14=𝐷𝐼𝐶× ([𝑅𝑆−𝑅𝐵]/𝑅𝑇)/(𝑁×𝑡)×1.05 where RT is the total activity (disintegrations per minute or dpm) of 14C added; RS and RB are the sample and fixed control counts, respectively (dpm); N is the cell concentration (cells ml-1); and t is incubation time (h). DIC (mg C m-3) is the total inorganic carbon of the growth media (determined from the measured DIC [µmol kg-1] using the molar mass of carbon [mol g-1] and the density of seawater [kg m-3]). The amount of carbon fixed was corrected with an isotope discrimination factor of 1.05 and normalized to cell abundances.; Researcher name: Austin Grubb Parameter or Variable: 14C-Based Particulate Inorganic Carbon Production Rate; Abbreviation: 14C.pic.pgC.cell.h; Unit: pgC/cell/mL; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: PIC and POC fixation rates were calculated according to (Paasche and Brubak 1994), where the amount of particulate carbon (R_C14; mg C cell-1 h-1) produced is determined accordingly: 𝑅_𝐶14=𝐷𝐼𝐶× ([𝑅𝑆−𝑅𝐵]/𝑅𝑇)/(𝑁×𝑡)×1.05 where RT is the total activity (disintegrations per minute or dpm) of 14C added; RS and RB are the sample and fixed control counts, respectively (dpm); N is the cell concentration (cells ml-1); and t is incubation time (h). DIC (mg C m-3) is the total inorganic carbon of the growth media (determined from the measured DIC [µmol kg-1] using the molar mass of carbon [mol g-1] and the density of seawater [kg m-3]). The amount of carbon fixed was corrected with an isotope discrimination factor of 1.05 and normalized to cell abundances.; Researcher name: Austin Grubb Parameter or Variable: Volume Filtered for 13C PIC/POC; Abbreviation: 13C.filter.vol.ml; Unit: mL; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: MANIPULATIONCONDITION; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: GFF_filtered Parameter or Variable: Total Particulate Carbon; Abbreviation: TC.ug; Unit: ug C; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: GFF_filtered; Analyzing instrument: Elemental Analyzer-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (EA-IRMS); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Incubations were terminated by filtering the entire culture volume onto pre-combusted 25 mm Whatman glass fiber filters (GFF), rinsed three times with filtered seawater to remove unincorporated 13C-HCO3⁻, dried at 65°C for a minimum of 4 hours, and stored at room temperature in combusted tin foil until analysis. Filters were split for analysis of total carbon (TC) and PIC using a gridded acrylic sampling plate and a rotary ceramic blade to ensure consistent positioning and minimize particle disturbance. The grid allowed filters to be divided along the diameter to produce equal halves. The plate, blade, and spatula are all cleaned with ethanol between samples. One half was analyzed for δ13C and TC via elemental analyzer–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) at the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility. The other half was analyzed for PIC using a Picarro G-2131i Cavity Ring-down Spectrometer (CRDS; Picarro Inc, USA) coupled to an Automate Prep Device autosampler via the Picarro Caddy following established carbonate extraction workflows (Subhas e(Subhas et al. 2019)t al., 2019).; Researcher name: Chloe Smith Parameter or Variable: Initial 13C Fractional Abundance in POC; Abbreviation: f13.poc.initial; Unit: N/A; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: GFF_filtered; Analyzing instrument: Picarro G-2131i Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) + Automate Prep Device; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: POC and f13C (derived from 𝛿PO13C) was calculated as the difference between TC and PIC, and the δPO13C was determined via the following equation: 𝛿PO13C=(𝛿𝑇13C×TC )−(𝛿𝑃𝐼13C×PIC)*𝑃𝑂𝐶 where δPO13C refers to the calculated δ13C of POC; δT13C is the measured δ13C of total carbon; TC is the measured mass in mg of the total carbon; δPI13C is the measured δ13C of PIC; PIC is the measured mass in mg of C; and POC is the calculated mass in mg (determined as POC = TC – PIC). This approach was adopted to preserve paired measurements of TC and PIC from the same filter and was validated by determining that derived POC estimates do not statistically differ from POC directly measured on acid-fumed subsamples.; Researcher name: Chloe Smith Parameter or Variable: Final 13C Fractional Abundance in POC; Abbreviation: f13.poc.final; Unit: N/A; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: GFF_filtered; Analyzing instrument: Elemental Analyzer-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (EA-IRMS); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: POC was calculated as the difference between TC and PIC, and the δPO13C was determined via the following equation: 𝛿PO13C=(𝛿𝑇13C×TC )−(𝛿𝑃𝐼13C×PIC)*𝑃𝑂𝐶 where δPO13C refers to the calculated δ13C of POC; δT13C is the measured δ13C of total carbon; TC is the measured mass in mg of the total carbon; δPI13C is the measured δ13C of PIC; PIC is the measured mass in mg of C; and POC is the calculated mass in mg (determined as POC = TC – PIC). This approach was adopted to preserve paired measurements of TC and PIC from the same filter and was validated by determining that derived POC estimates do not statistically differ from POC directly measured on acid-fumed subsamples.; Researcher name: Chloe Smith Parameter or Variable: Initial 13C Fractional Abundance in PIC; Abbreviation: f13C.pic.initial; Unit: N/A; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: GFF_filtered; Analyzing instrument: Picarro G-2131i Cavity Ring-down Spectrometer (CRDS; Picarro Inc, USA) coupled to an Automate Prep Device; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Filter half was analyzed for PIC using a Picarro G-2131i Cavity Ring-down Spectrometer (CRDS; Picarro Inc, USA) coupled to an Automate Prep Device autosampler via the Picarro Caddy following established carbonate extraction workflows (Subhas et al., 2019). CRDS provides simultaneous measurements of CO2 concentration and δ13C with analytical precision comparable to conventional IRMS approaches and detection limits suitable for small particulate carbonate samples (Wahl et al. 2006; Huang et al. 2015). Filters containing particulate material were transferred to septum-sealed borosilicate vials. Prior to acidification, vials were evacuated to <50 Torr to remove atmospheric CO2. PIC was converted quantitatively to CO2 by manual injection of 4 mL of 10% (v/v) phosphoric acid (prepared from 85% H₃PO₄) through the septum using a gas-tight syringe, after which vials were gently inverted to fully immerse the filter and promote complete reaction of CaCO3. Acidification occurred immediately prior to analysis, and samples remained sealed thereafter to prevent isotopic fractionation or atmospheric CO2 exchange. The Automate system subsequently flushed vial headspace with CO2-free carrier gas, transferring evolved CO2 through a Nafion drying system to the analyzer, where CO2 concentration and δ13C were measured simultaneously by CRDS. The Picarro G-2131i achieves δ13C precision typically better than ± 0.15‰ and detects CO2 concentrations at sub-ppm levels under optimized conditions (Wahl et al. 2006; Huang et al. 2015), requiring sufficient carbonate-derived CO2 yield to maintain robust signal-to-noise ratios. Accordingly, both laboratory cultures and field incubations were designed to exceed instrumental detection thresholds. Prior laboratory experiments quantified cellular PIC quotas, allowing incubation volumes and filtration biomass to be scaled to achieve target total CO2 signals well above analytical detection limits. PIC concentrations were quantified from integrated CO2 signals using calibration curves generated from weighed CaCO3 standards (Icelandic Spar) calibrated against international reference materials (NBS-19, NBS-20, TIRI-F, and IAEA-C2; Subhas et al. 2019), with acid blanks, DI water blanks, and repeated standards distributed throughout each analytical sequence to monitor background levels and instrumental drift.; Researcher name: Chloe Smith Parameter or Variable: Final 13C Fractional Abundance in PIC; Abbreviation: f13C.pic.final; Unit: N/A; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: GFF_filtered; Analyzing instrument: Picarro G-2131i Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) + Automate Prep Device; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Filter half was analyzed for PIC using a Picarro G-2131i Cavity Ring-down Spectrometer (CRDS; Picarro Inc, USA) coupled to an Automate Prep Device autosampler via the Picarro Caddy following established carbonate extraction workflows (Subhas et al., 2019). CRDS provides simultaneous measurements of CO2 concentration and δ13C with analytical precision comparable to conventional IRMS approaches and detection limits suitable for small particulate carbonate samples (Wahl et al. 2006; Huang et al. 2015). Filters containing particulate material were transferred to septum-sealed borosilicate vials. Prior to acidification, vials were evacuated to <50 Torr to remove atmospheric CO2. PIC was converted quantitatively to CO2 by manual injection of 4 mL of 10% (v/v) phosphoric acid (prepared from 85% H₃PO₄) through the septum using a gas-tight syringe, after which vials were gently inverted to fully immerse the filter and promote complete reaction of CaCO3. Acidification occurred immediately prior to analysis, and samples remained sealed thereafter to prevent isotopic fractionation or atmospheric CO2 exchange. The Automate system subsequently flushed vial headspace with CO2-free carrier gas, transferring evolved CO2 through a Nafion drying system to the analyzer, where CO2 concentration and δ13C were measured simultaneously by CRDS. The Picarro G-2131i achieves δ13C precision typically better than ± 0.15‰ and detects CO2 concentrations at sub-ppm levels under optimized conditions (Wahl et al. 2006; Huang et al. 2015), requiring sufficient carbonate-derived CO2 yield to maintain robust signal-to-noise ratios. Accordingly, both laboratory cultures and field incubations were designed to exceed instrumental detection thresholds. Prior laboratory experiments quantified cellular PIC quotas, allowing incubation volumes and filtration biomass to be scaled to achieve target total CO2 signals well above analytical detection limits. PIC concentrations were quantified from integrated CO2 signals using calibration curves generated from weighed CaCO3 standards (Icelandic Spar) calibrated against international reference materials (NBS-19, NBS-20, TIRI-F, and IAEA-C2; Subhas et al. 2019), with acid blanks, DI water blanks, and repeated standards distributed throughout each analytical sequence to monitor background levels and instrumental drift.; Researcher name: Chloe Smith Parameter or Variable: Cellular POC Quota; Abbreviation: poc.cell; Unit: pg C/cell; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Sampling instrument: N/A; Analyzing instrument: N/A; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Cellular content calculated as the measured particulate mass (ug), divided by cell concentration (cells/mL), divided by the volume filtered for particulate analysis; Researcher name: Chloe Smith Parameter or Variable: Cellular PIC Quota; Abbreviation: pic.cell; Unit: pg C/mL; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Sampling instrument: N/A; Analyzing instrument: N/A; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Cellular content calculated as the measured particulate mass (ug), divided by cell concentration (cells/mL), divided by the volume filtered for particulate analysis; Researcher name: Chloe Smith Parameter or Variable: 13C-Based Particulate Organic Carbon Production Rate; Abbreviation: 13C.poc.pg.C.cell.hr; Unit: pg C/cell/hour; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Sampling instrument: N/A; Analyzing instrument: N/A; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: PIC and POC (R_C13; mg C cell-1 h-1) production rates were calculated using a modified version of Popp et al. (2006): R_C 13= −(1𝑡 )×ln(𝑓13𝐶𝐷𝐼𝐶 − 𝑓13𝐶𝑥)(𝑓13𝐶𝐷𝐼𝐶− 𝑓13𝐶𝑖)×[C] where t is incubation time (hour), f13CDIC is the 13C mol fraction of the spiked media (as determined from molar addition calculation); f13Ci and f13Cx are the initial and final 13C mol fraction in particulate carbon (either PIC or POC); [C] represents the cellular carbon quota (mg C cell-1) or the carbon concentration (mg C L-1) measured at the respective incubation time (t).; Researcher name: Chloe Smith Parameter or Variable: 13C-Based Particulate Inorganic Carbon Production Rate; Abbreviation: 13C.pic.pg.C.cell.hr; Unit: pg C/cell/hour; Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: RESPONSEVARIABLE; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Sampling instrument: N/A; Analyzing instrument: N/A; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: PIC and POC (R_C13; mg C cell-1 h-1) production rates were calculated using a modified version of Popp et al. (2006): R_C 13= −(1𝑡 )×ln(𝑓13𝐶𝐷𝐼𝐶 − 𝑓13𝐶𝑥)(𝑓13𝐶𝐷𝐼𝐶− 𝑓13𝐶𝑖)×[C] where t is incubation time (hour), f13CDIC is the 13C mol fraction of the spiked media (as determined from molar addition calculation); f13Ci and f13Cx are the initial and final 13C mol fraction in particulate carbon (either PIC or POC); [C] represents the cellular carbon quota (mg C cell-1) or the carbon concentration (mg C L-1) measured at the respective incubation time (t).; Researcher name: Chloe Smith Parameter or Variable: Production Metric; Abbreviation: Metric; Unit: N/A; Observation type: In Situ Production Array; Sampling instrument: N/A; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: NPC = net primary calcification (PIC production) NP = net primary production (POC production) Parameter or Variable: Isotopic Tracer; Abbreviation: Tracer; Unit: N/A; Observation type: In Situ Production Array; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 13C or 14C Parameter or Variable: Date of In Situ Incubation; Abbreviation: Date; Unit: month/day/year; Observation type: In Situ Production Array; Sampling instrument: N/A Parameter or Variable: Incubation Depth; Abbreviation: Depth; Unit: meters; Observation type: In Situ Production Array Parameter or Variable: Incubation Duration; Abbreviation: Duration; Unit: hours; Observation type: In Situ Production Array Parameter or Variable: Production Replicate 1; Abbreviation: rep1; Unit: mg C/m^3/day; Observation type: In Situ Production Array; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: IN-SITUOBSERVATION; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Filter Rig; GFF; Analyzing instrument: EA-IRMS for POC, CRDS for PIC; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: In situ NPP rate data was sourced from the published BATS dataset (Johnson et al. 2025) for July, August and September of 2023. 14C based NPP incubations were conducted in July (13th; AE 2316), August (16th; AE2318) and September (21st; AE2321) as part of standard BATS operations for the 2023 field season. 13C based calcification incubations were also conducted on AE2316 on July 13, 2023. Additional 13C based NPP and calcification incubations were conducted during AE2320 from September 7-10th, 2023 in the same region as the standard BATS site (31 40’N, 64 10’W). 14C-based NPP incubations- AE2316/AE2318/AE2321 NPP was estimated by the uptake of NaH¹4CO₃ in dawn to dusk in situ incubations at eight standard depths (1, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 m). Details of the primary production methods are found in the BATS methods manual (Knap et al., 1997b) and in Lohrenz et al., (1992). 13C-based calcification incubations - AE2316 In situ 13C-based calcification incubations were performed using the same CTD water and free-floating arrays as described above for the 14C-based NPP incubations. Four 4L polycarbonate bottles were rinsed three times and filled directly from the Niskin bottles with minimal light exposure. Four bottles are collected from each depth, with one bottle being set aside as a ‘non-spiked’ control. The remaining three bottles were spiked with 5% NaH13CO3 with respect to the initial DIC of the seawater. The initial timepoint for the incubation was collected in an additional 4L bottle from the water remaining in the CTD Niskin and filtered under low light conditions onto a pre-combusted 47mm GFF using a vacuum filtration system set between 5-7 mm Hg, with filters and funnels rinsed three times with 0.2µm-filtered seawater (FSW). If filtration took longer than 20 minutes, the unfiltered volume was removed and subtracted from the total volume filtered. Filters were removed and stored in a -20°C freezer for the remainder of the cruise, and upon returning to land, were dried in an oven at 65°C for a minimum of 4 hours and stored in pre-combusted tin foil until analyzed. The entire filter was used for δ13C-analysis of PIC, according to the same protocol described above. The productivity array was deployed approximately one hour prior to sunrise and each bottle was incubated in situ at their respective depths using a free-floating array. Incubations occurred during the sunlight period and were recovered approximately 30 min after sunset. Upon recovery and under low light conditions, the full 4L bottle was filtered onto a pre-combusted 47mm GFF using the same vacuum system and settings described above. Filters were stored and processed for δ13C-analysis of PIC, according to the same protocols described above. 13C based NPP and calcification measurements- AE2320 In situ NPP and calcification incubations were performed near the BATS site (31 40’N, 64 10’W) using free floating primary production arrays. Seawater was collected two hours before dawn using a CTD at discrete depths, starting at the surface, with mid-depths targeting the chlorophyll maximum, and extending down to 80m. For the 13C incubations, four 4L polycarbonate bottles were rinsed three times and filled directly from the Niskin bottles with minimal light exposure, for each depth. Three bottles were then spiked with 5% NaH13CO3 with respect to the initial DIC of the seawater, with one bottle left un-spiked as a control. The initial timepoint for the incubation was collected in an additional 4L bottle from the water remaining in the CTD Niskin and was filtered under low light conditions onto a pre-combusted 25mm GFF using the same vacuum system and settings described above. Filters were removed and wrapped in pre-combusted foil, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in a dry shipper for the remainder of the cruise. The productivity array was deployed approximately one hour prior to sunrise and each bottle was incubated in situ at their respective depths using a free-floating array. Incubations occurred during the sunlight period and were recovered approximately 30 min after sunset. Upon recovery and under low light conditions, the full 4L bottle was filtered onto a pre-combusted 25mm GFF using the same vacuum system and settings described above. Filters were removed and wrapped in pre-combusted foil. Filters were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in a dry shipper for the remainder of the cruise, and upon returning to land, were dried in an oven at 65°C for a minimum of 4 hours and stored in combusted tin foil until analyzed. In situ calcification incubations should follow the same general free-floating array methods used for NPP measurements, with modifications to incubation volume and bottle configuration appropriate for calcification rate analyses. Methodological recommendations include incorporating dark control incubations for both NPP and calcification measurements and selecting filter size (e.g., 25 mm or 47 mm GFF) based on oceanographic conditions and sampling preferences. Parameter or Variable: Production Replicate 2; Abbreviation: rep2; Unit: mg C/m^3/day; Observation type: In Situ Production Array; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: IN-SITUOBSERVATION; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Filter Rig; GFF; Analyzing instrument: EA-IRMS for POC, CRDS for PIC; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: In situ NPP rate data was sourced from the published BATS dataset (Johnson et al. 2025) for July, August and September of 2023. 14C based NPP incubations were conducted in July (13th; AE 2316), August (16th; AE2318) and September (21st; AE2321) as part of standard BATS operations for the 2023 field season. 13C based calcification incubations were also conducted on AE2316 on July 13, 2023. Additional 13C based NPP and calcification incubations were conducted during AE2320 from September 7-10th, 2023 in the same region as the standard BATS site (31 40’N, 64 10’W). 14C-based NPP incubations- AE2316/AE2318/AE2321 NPP was estimated by the uptake of NaH¹4CO₃ in dawn to dusk in situ incubations at eight standard depths (1, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 m). Details of the primary production methods are found in the BATS methods manual (Knap et al., 1997b) and in Lohrenz et al., (1992). 13C-based calcification incubations - AE2316 In situ 13C-based calcification incubations were performed using the same CTD water and free-floating arrays as described above for the 14C-based NPP incubations. Four 4L polycarbonate bottles were rinsed three times and filled directly from the Niskin bottles with minimal light exposure. Four bottles are collected from each depth, with one bottle being set aside as a ‘non-spiked’ control. The remaining three bottles were spiked with 5% NaH13CO3 with respect to the initial DIC of the seawater. The initial timepoint for the incubation was collected in an additional 4L bottle from the water remaining in the CTD Niskin and filtered under low light conditions onto a pre-combusted 47mm GFF using a vacuum filtration system set between 5-7 mm Hg, with filters and funnels rinsed three times with 0.2µm-filtered seawater (FSW). If filtration took longer than 20 minutes, the unfiltered volume was removed and subtracted from the total volume filtered. Filters were removed and stored in a -20°C freezer for the remainder of the cruise, and upon returning to land, were dried in an oven at 65°C for a minimum of 4 hours and stored in pre-combusted tin foil until analyzed. The entire filter was used for δ13C-analysis of PIC, according to the same protocol described above. The productivity array was deployed approximately one hour prior to sunrise and each bottle was incubated in situ at their respective depths using a free-floating array. Incubations occurred during the sunlight period and were recovered approximately 30 min after sunset. Upon recovery and under low light conditions, the full 4L bottle was filtered onto a pre-combusted 47mm GFF using the same vacuum system and settings described above. Filters were stored and processed for δ13C-analysis of PIC, according to the same protocols described above. 13C based NPP and calcification measurements- AE2320 In situ NPP and calcification incubations were performed near the BATS site (31 40’N, 64 10’W) using free floating primary production arrays. Seawater was collected two hours before dawn using a CTD at discrete depths, starting at the surface, with mid-depths targeting the chlorophyll maximum, and extending down to 80m. For the 13C incubations, four 4L polycarbonate bottles were rinsed three times and filled directly from the Niskin bottles with minimal light exposure, for each depth. Three bottles were then spiked with 5% NaH13CO3 with respect to the initial DIC of the seawater, with one bottle left un-spiked as a control. The initial timepoint for the incubation was collected in an additional 4L bottle from the water remaining in the CTD Niskin and was filtered under low light conditions onto a pre-combusted 25mm GFF using the same vacuum system and settings described above. Filters were removed and wrapped in pre-combusted foil, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in a dry shipper for the remainder of the cruise. The productivity array was deployed approximately one hour prior to sunrise and each bottle was incubated in situ at their respective depths using a free-floating array. Incubations occurred during the sunlight period and were recovered approximately 30 min after sunset. Upon recovery and under low light conditions, the full 4L bottle was filtered onto a pre-combusted 25mm GFF using the same vacuum system and settings described above. Filters were removed and wrapped in pre-combusted foil. Filters were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in a dry shipper for the remainder of the cruise, and upon returning to land, were dried in an oven at 65°C for a minimum of 4 hours and stored in combusted tin foil until analyzed. In situ calcification incubations should follow the same general free-floating array methods used for NPP measurements, with modifications to incubation volume and bottle configuration appropriate for calcification rate analyses. Methodological recommendations include incorporating dark control incubations for both NPP and calcification measurements and selecting filter size (e.g., 25 mm or 47 mm GFF) based on oceanographic conditions and sampling preferences. Parameter or Variable: Production Replicate 3; Abbreviation: rep3; Unit: mg C/m^3/day; Observation type: In Situ Production Array; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: IN-SITUOBSERVATION; Measured or calculated: MEASURED; Sampling instrument: Filter Rig; GFF; Analyzing instrument: EA-IRMS for POC, CRDS for PIC; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: In situ NPP rate data was sourced from the published BATS dataset (Johnson et al. 2025) for July, August and September of 2023. 14C based NPP incubations were conducted in July (13th; AE 2316), August (16th; AE2318) and September (21st; AE2321) as part of standard BATS operations for the 2023 field season. 13C based calcification incubations were also conducted on AE2316 on July 13, 2023. Additional 13C based NPP and calcification incubations were conducted during AE2320 from September 7-10th, 2023 in the same region as the standard BATS site (31 40’N, 64 10’W). 14C-based NPP incubations- AE2316/AE2318/AE2321 NPP was estimated by the uptake of NaH¹4CO₃ in dawn to dusk in situ incubations at eight standard depths (1, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 m). Details of the primary production methods are found in the BATS methods manual (Knap et al., 1997b) and in Lohrenz et al., (1992). 13C-based calcification incubations - AE2316 In situ 13C-based calcification incubations were performed using the same CTD water and free-floating arrays as described above for the 14C-based NPP incubations. Four 4L polycarbonate bottles were rinsed three times and filled directly from the Niskin bottles with minimal light exposure. Four bottles are collected from each depth, with one bottle being set aside as a ‘non-spiked’ control. The remaining three bottles were spiked with 5% NaH13CO3 with respect to the initial DIC of the seawater. The initial timepoint for the incubation was collected in an additional 4L bottle from the water remaining in the CTD Niskin and filtered under low light conditions onto a pre-combusted 47mm GFF using a vacuum filtration system set between 5-7 mm Hg, with filters and funnels rinsed three times with 0.2µm-filtered seawater (FSW). If filtration took longer than 20 minutes, the unfiltered volume was removed and subtracted from the total volume filtered. Filters were removed and stored in a -20°C freezer for the remainder of the cruise, and upon returning to land, were dried in an oven at 65°C for a minimum of 4 hours and stored in pre-combusted tin foil until analyzed. The entire filter was used for δ13C-analysis of PIC, according to the same protocol described above. The productivity array was deployed approximately one hour prior to sunrise and each bottle was incubated in situ at their respective depths using a free-floating array. Incubations occurred during the sunlight period and were recovered approximately 30 min after sunset. Upon recovery and under low light conditions, the full 4L bottle was filtered onto a pre-combusted 47mm GFF using the same vacuum system and settings described above. Filters were stored and processed for δ13C-analysis of PIC, according to the same protocols described above. 13C based NPP and calcification measurements- AE2320 In situ NPP and calcification incubations were performed near the BATS site (31 40’N, 64 10’W) using free floating primary production arrays. Seawater was collected two hours before dawn using a CTD at discrete depths, starting at the surface, with mid-depths targeting the chlorophyll maximum, and extending down to 80m. For the 13C incubations, four 4L polycarbonate bottles were rinsed three times and filled directly from the Niskin bottles with minimal light exposure, for each depth. Three bottles were then spiked with 5% NaH13CO3 with respect to the initial DIC of the seawater, with one bottle left un-spiked as a control. The initial timepoint for the incubation was collected in an additional 4L bottle from the water remaining in the CTD Niskin and was filtered under low light conditions onto a pre-combusted 25mm GFF using the same vacuum system and settings described above. Filters were removed and wrapped in pre-combusted foil, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in a dry shipper for the remainder of the cruise. The productivity array was deployed approximately one hour prior to sunrise and each bottle was incubated in situ at their respective depths using a free-floating array. Incubations occurred during the sunlight period and were recovered approximately 30 min after sunset. Upon recovery and under low light conditions, the full 4L bottle was filtered onto a pre-combusted 25mm GFF using the same vacuum system and settings described above. Filters were removed and wrapped in pre-combusted foil. Filters were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in a dry shipper for the remainder of the cruise, and upon returning to land, were dried in an oven at 65°C for a minimum of 4 hours and stored in combusted tin foil until analyzed. In situ calcification incubations should follow the same general free-floating array methods used for NPP measurements, with modifications to incubation volume and bottle configuration appropriate for calcification rate analyses. Methodological recommendations include incorporating dark control incubations for both NPP and calcification measurements and selecting filter size (e.g., 25 mm or 47 mm GFF) based on oceanographic conditions and sampling preferences. Parameter or Variable: Average of Replicate Production Rates; Abbreviation: AVG; Unit: mg C/m^3/day; Observation type: In Situ Production Array; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: IN-SITUOBSERVATION; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED Parameter or Variable: Standard Deviation of Replicate Production Rates; Abbreviation: STDEV; Unit: mg C/m^3/day; Observation type: In Situ Production Array; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: IN-SITUOBSERVATION; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. RV Atlantic Explorer Updated information from ICES for for the vessel Atlantic Explorer from UNITED STATES. Code : 33H4 Name : Atlantic Explorer Flag : UNITED STATES - US (ISO Country Code) Call Sign : WDC9417 Title : RV Platform Class : 31 Research vessel IMO : 8120014 Commissioned Date : 2005-10 Current Length : 51 Built : 1982 Previous Name (Notes): Seward Johnson II Notes : Bermuda Biological Station, Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) since 2005-10. Built as Trojan then renamed Edwin Link and Seward Johnson II. Active as at 2007-07. Lloyds URL : http://www.lloydsmiu.com/lmiu/vessels/overview.htm?vesselID=303109 Additional Information Sources: - http://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/shipdetails.aspx?MMSI=303591000 Same Vessels Info: 33EL - EDWIN LINK 33S2 - SEWARD JOHNSON II General Comments: Call sign: WDC9417 - information from ship captain. Clarified faulty info from the following: Oceanic=WST4798, Lloyds = WDC8916 , ITU = WDC9417