gov.noaa.nodc:0304466 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-04-17T21:08:33Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Data from Barotropic Instability During Eyewall Replacement on 2017-09-20 (NCEI Accession 0304466) 2025-05-30 publication 2025-05-20 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/yxh4-4q58 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0304466 NCEI Archive Management System 0304466 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Jessica A. Morgan NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) jessica.morgan@noaa.gov https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) website Institution web page information resourceProvider National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) https://www.noaa.gov/ HTTPS National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Christopher J. Slocum NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) christopher.slocum@noaa.gov https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Jessica A. Morgan NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) jessica.morgan@noaa.gov https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) website Institution web page information pointOfContact Slocum, Chris NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) website Institution web page information author Taft, Richard Colorado State University https://www.colostate.edu/ HTTPS Colorado State University website Institution web page information author Kossin, James The Climate Service author Schubert, Wayne Colorado State University https://www.colostate.edu/ HTTPS Colorado State University website Institution web page information author NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) website Institution web page information contributor NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital Prior to landfall in Puerto Rico, Hurricane Maria (2017) underwent an eyewall replacement cycle. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) San Juan (TJUA) radar captured a robust outer convective ring with an inner ring first distorted into an ellipse and then disintegrated. To understand the dynamical processes during eyewall replacement, this work interprets the eyewall replacement event using the non-divergent barotropic model with a linear stability analysis and non-linear numerical simulations. For the linear stability analysis, the model’s axisymmetric basic state vorticity distribution is piece-wise uniform in five regions: eye, inner eyewall, moat, outer eyewall, and far field. The stability of such structures is investigated by solving a simple eigenvalue/eigenvector problem. For the non-linear model, the evolution into a more stable structure is simulated using the non-linear barotropic model. Three types of instability and vorticity rearrangement are identified: (1) instability across the outer ring of enhanced vorticity, (2) instability across the low vorticity moat, and (3) instability across the inner ring of enhanced vorticity. This dataset includes (1) a loop of the NOAA TJUA radar during the landfall of Hurricane Maria (2017) in GIF format to show the convective evolution, (2) the output from the five-region linear stability analysis in NetCDF format, and (3) the output from the non-divergent barotropic model in NetCDF format and GIF format to show the vortex evolution. These data are provided without restrictions for further exploration into understanding barotropic instability during eyewall replacement. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. Funding Agency: NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Funding Agency: National Science Foundation (NSF) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0304466 Preview graphic PNG 0304466 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2025-05-19 publication Tropical Cyclones theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS meteorological model output theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Caribbean Sea North Atlantic Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS meteorology theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA > National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration DOC/NOAA/NESDIS > National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Services, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/STAR > Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > WIND DYNAMICS > CONVECTION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > WIND DYNAMICS > VORTICITY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > WEATHER EVENTS > TROPICAL CYCLONES EARTH SCIENCE > HUMAN DIMENSIONS > NATURAL HAZARDS > TROPICAL CYCLONES > HURRICANES theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian five-region linear stability analysis radar vortex evolution theme Provider Keywords NEXRAD > NEXt Generation RADar instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian NOAA NEXRAD TJUA n/a instrument Provider Instruments NOAA Next Generation Radar platform Provider Platform Names OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > CARIBBEAN SEA OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > CARIBBEAN SEA > PUERTO RICO place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Puerto Rico place Provider Place Names EHBC85 Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: Public otherRestrictions Cite as: Slocum, Chris; Taft, Richard; Kossin, James; Schubert, Wayne (2025). Data from Barotropic Instability During Eyewall Replacement on 2017-09-20 (NCEI Accession 0304466). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/yxh4-4q58. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license This dataset has been dedicated to the public domain under a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication. SPDX License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) Slocum, C., Taft, R., Kossin, J., & Schubert, W. (2023). Data from: Barotropic instability during eyewall replacement (Version 4) [Data set]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fj6q573zw 2023 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fj6q573zw https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fj6q573zw HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fj6q573zw related dataset information Slocum, Christopher author Taft, Richard author Kossin, James author Schubert, Wayne author Dryad publisher tableDigital crossReference sciencePaper Slocum, C. J., Taft, R. K., Kossin, J. P., & Schubert, W. H. (2023). Barotropic Instability during Eyewall Replacement. Meteorology, 2(2), 191–221. https://doi.org/10.3390/meteorology2020013 2023-04-20 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.3390/meteorology2020013 https://doi.org/10.3390/meteorology2020013 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.3390/meteorology2020013 related journal article information Slocum, Christopher J. NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA author Taft, Richard K. Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA author Kossin, James P. The Climate Service, Madison, WI 53706, USA author Schubert, Wayne H. Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA author MDPI AG publisher documentDigital Meteorology 2(2) ISSN 2674-0494, pp. 191-221 crossReference sciencePaper NOAA National Weather Service, R. O. C. (1991). NOAA Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) Level II Base Data [Data set]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5w9574v 1991 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.7289/v5w9574v https://doi.org/10.7289/v5w9574v HTTPS https://doi.org/10.7289/v5w9574v related dataset information NOAA National Weather Service, Radar Operations Center author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital crossReference sciencePaper Hurricane Maria 2017 2018 publication https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Storm_pages/maria2017/ HTTPS https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Storm_pages/maria2017/ related dataset information Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division publisher crossReference NOAA GOES-16 Advanced Baseline Imager L1b Radiance Products 2025 publication https://www.class.noaa.gov HTTPS https://www.class.noaa.gov related dataset information NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations publisher crossReference STAR SOCD Synthetic Aperture Radar Products 2025 publication https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/socd/mecb/sar/sarwinds_tropical.php HTTPS https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/socd/mecb/sar/sarwinds_tropical.php related dataset information NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research publisher crossReference eng; USA utf8 environment oceans climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -68 -62 15 20 2017-09-20 2017-09-20 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. netCDF GIF TXT 48924.44 https://doi.org/10.25921/yxh4-4q58 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/304466 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/304466 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0236/0304466/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0304466 v1.1 was published. 2025-05-30T16:52:03Z NCEI Accession 0304466 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0304466/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0304466 v1.1 published 2025-05-30T16:52:03Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: radar (measured); Units: n/a; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: NOAA NEXRAD TJUA Parameter or Variable: five-region linear stability analysis (calculated); Units: n/a; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: n/a Parameter or Variable: vortex evolution (calculated); Units: n/a; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: n/a asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian