gov.noaa.nodc:0283266 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-31T09:08:13Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) A multi-stressor data product for marine heatwave, hypoxia, and ocean acidification research, including calculated inorganic carbon parameters from the southern Salish Sea and northern California Current System from 2008-02-04 to 2018-10-19 (NCEI Accession 0283266) 2023-09-28 publication 2024-12-21 revision 2023-09-27 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/5g29-q841 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0283266 NCEI Archive Management System 0283266 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Simone R. Alin NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) simone.r.alin@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Simone R. Alin NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) simone.r.alin@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Jan Newton University of Washington, Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) janewton@uw.edu http://www.apl.washington.edu/ HTTP University of Washington, Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Richard Feely NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Julian Herndon University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) Julian.Herndon@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) website Institution web page information collaborator Dana Greeley NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) dana.greeley@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information collaborator Alex Kozyr Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) Alex.Kozyr@noaa.gov https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information collaborator Alin, Simone R. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Newton, Jan University of Washington, Applied Physics Laboratory http://www.apl.washington.edu/ HTTP University of Washington, Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) website Institution web page information author Feely, Richard A. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Greeley, Dana NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Herndon, Julian University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) website Institution web page information author Kozyr, Alex Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information author NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset contains a data product including calculated CO2 system parameters based on the Salish cruise data product (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/SalishCruise_DataPackage.html). We used R seacarb function carb to calculate the most commonly used derived carbonate system parameters, including pH, partial pressures and fugacities of carbon dioxide at in situ temperatures and pressures (pCO2insitu, and fCO2insitu, respectively), and aragonite and calcite saturation states (OmegaAragonite and OmegaCalcite, respectively) (Gattuso et al., 2023). Input parameters from the Salish cruise compiled dataset (Alin et al. 2021) comprised dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC_UMOL_KG), total alkalinity (TA_UMOL_KG), phosphate (PHOSPHATE_UMOL_KG), and silicate (SILICATE_UMOL_KG) content values from bottle samples analyzed in the laboratory, along with CTD measurements of temperature (CTDTMP_DEG_C_ITS90), salinity (CTDSAL_PSS78), and pressure (CTDPRS_DBAR). Within seacarb, we used the TEOS-10 thermodynamic seawater equations (IOC, SCOR, and IAPSO, 2010). We adopted the total scale for pH (pHT), the Uppstrom (1974) formulation for deriving total boron concentration from salinity, the seacarb default option for Kf (Perez and Fraga, 1987 for temperatures above 9 °C; Dickson and Goyet, 1994 for those below), and the Dickson (Dickson, 1990) option for Ks (following results of Orr et al., 2015). All input content data were first divided by 106 to convert from µmol kg^–1 to mol kg^–1, and pressure (dbar) was divided by 10 to convert to bar, to conform with the default units of seacarb. For equilibrium constants (K1 and K2), we provide calculated values using both the Lueker et al. (2000) and the Waters et al. (2014) dissociation constants. The Lueker constants (for salinity ranges of 19–43 and temperature ranges of 2–35°C) facilitate comparison with publications arising from West Coast Ocean Acidification (WCOA) cruise datasets (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/Coastal/WCOA.html), whereas the Waters constants (for salinity ranges of 1–50 and temperature ranges of 0–50°C) allow users working with more brackish salinities to compare their results directly to those in the Salish cruise data product. All references above are included in the seacarb documentation. Alin et al. (2023b) describe the magnitude of differences in calculated values for the Salish cruise data product using the two different sets of dissociation constants. The data product is available on the Index page accessed by clicking the Database Files link above: The file “SalishCruises_2008to2018_MeasCalcParams_NCEIdataProduct_09262023.csv” contains 3971 complete records of DIC, TA, T, S, O2, and nutrient measurements with the highest quality QC flags and includes calculated values for the carbonate system parameters described above. This effort was conducted in support of the estuarine and coastal monitoring and research objectives of the Washington Ocean Acidification Center (WOAC), the Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ocean Acidification Program and conforms to climate-quality monitoring guidelines of the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (goa-on.org). For any questions about appropriate use or limitations of the data set, please contact Drs. Simone Alin and Jan Newton at email addresses above. The major objective was to provide a climate-quality data product including measurements of temperature, salinity, nutrients, and recommended oxygen values in all commonly used units (mg/L, mL/L, and µmol/kg-seawater), along with measured and calculated inorganic system parameters. Calculated values are often not archived with measured values for the inorganic carbon system. We provide them here with the goal of increasing accessibility of this important information about coastal and estuarine stressors and their variability to a broader audience of end users, who may not have expertise in performing inorganic carbon calculations themselves. Funding Information: The University of Washington, Puget Sound Regional Synthesis Model (PRISM), Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS), Washington Ocean Acidification Center (WOAC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric (NOAA) Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Integrated Ocean Observing System (NOAA-IOOS), NOAA Ocean Acidification Program, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Integrated Ocean Observing System (NOAA-IOOS). (Not applicable, Not applicable) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded NCEI Accession 0283266 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0283266 Preview graphic PNG 0283266 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2023-09-27 publication AMMONIUM (NH4) DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) DISSOLVED OXYGEN NITRATE NITRITE partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water pH phosphate SALINITY SIGMA-THETA silicate total alkalinity WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer CTD Niskin bottle oxygen sensor salinometer temperature sensor titrator instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical discrete sample physical profile water chemistry theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Coastal Waters of California North Pacific Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/OAR/PMEL > Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian AQ201610 AQ201710 BOLD085 CAB1019 CAB1023 CAB1028 CAB1034 CAB1037 CAB1041 CAB1045 CAB1050 CAB1065 CAB1075 CAB1079 NORSEMANIIOCT18 RBTSN200909 RBTSN201705 RBTSN201805 RC001 RC006 RC007 SH1604 TN216 TN256 TN264 TN267 TN270 TN281 TN290B TN296 TN301 TN315 TN322 TN333 TN343 project Cruise ID 31B520081108 321720161024 321720171016 325020080402 325020101031 325020110522 325020110729 32502011100 325020120525 325020130117 325020130422 325020130922 325020141022 325020150523 325020151116 325020160523 325S20160317 32QO20181016 336Q20090929 336Q20170502 336Q20180523 33CB20140714 33CB20140929 33CB20150405 33CB20150707 33CB20150923 33CB20160405 33CB20160707 33CB20160921 33CB20170406 33CB20170711 33CB20170911 33IY20170407 33IY20180623 33IY20180911 project EXPOCODE Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords Salish Sea project Reference Section ID EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > AMMONIA EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRITE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PHOSPHATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > SILICATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > DENSITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Data product theme OCADS Study Type AMMONIUM_UMOL_L CTDPRS_DBAR CTDSAL_PSS78 CTDTMP_ITS90_DEG_C DATE_LOCAL DATE_UTC DIC_UMOL_KG LATITUDE_DEC LONGITUDE_DEC NISKIN_NO NITRATE_UMOL_L NITRITE_UMOL_L OmegaAragonite_Lueker,OmegaAragonite_Waters, OmegaCalcite_Lueker, and OmegaCalcite_Waters PHOSPHATE_UMOL_L RECOMMENDED_OXYGEN_UMOL_KG SIGMATHETA_KG_M3 SILICATE_UMOL_L STATION_NO TA_UMOL_KG TIME_LOCAL TIME_UTC fCO2_inSitu_Lueker, fCO2_inSitu_Waters, pCO2_inSitu_Lueker, and pCO2_inSitu_Waters pH_total_Lueker and pH_total_Waters theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth NISKIN BOTTLES OXYGEN METERS > OXYGEN METERS SALINOMETERS TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE SENSORS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Admiralty Reach California Current System Hood Canal Main Basin Puget Sound Salish Sea South Sound Strait of Juan de Fuca U.S. West Coast Whidbey Basin place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Alin, Simone R.; Newton, Jan; Feely, Richard A.; Greeley, Dana; Herndon, Julian; Kozyr, Alex (2023). A multi-stressor data product for marine heatwave, hypoxia, and ocean acidification research, including calculated inorganic carbon parameters from the southern Salish Sea and northern California Current System from 2008-02-04 to 2018-10-19 (NCEI Accession 0283266). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/5g29-q841. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Data from the Salish cruises are made freely available to the public and the scientific community in the belief that their wide dissemination will lead to greater understanding and new scientific and policy insights. The investigators sharing these data rely on the ethics and integrity of the user to ensure that the institutions and investigators involved in producing the Salish cruise data sets receive fair credit for their work, which in turn helps ensure the continuity of the observational time-series. If the data are obtained for potential use in a publication or presentation, we urge the end user to inform the investigators at the outset of this work so that we can help ensure that the quality and limitations of the data are accurately represented. If these data are essential to the work, or if an important result or conclusion depends on these data, co-authorship may be appropriate. This should be discussed at an early stage in the work. We request that manuscripts using these data be shared before they are submitted for publication. Please direct all queries about this data set to Drs. Simone Alin (simone.r.alin@noaa.gov) and Jan Newton (janewton@uw.edu). license These data were produced by NOAA and the Washington Ocean Acidification Center (WOAC) and are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. NOAA and WOAC waive any potential copyright and related rights in these data worldwide through the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0-1.0). SPDX License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) Alin, Simone R.; Newton, Jan; Greeley, Dana; Curry, Beth; Herndon, Julian; Kozyr, Alex; Feely, Richard A. (2021). A compiled data product of profile, discrete biogeochemical measurements from 35 individual cruise datasets collected from a variety of ships in the southern Salish Sea and northern California Current System (Washington state marine waters) from 2008-02-04 to 2018-10-19 (NCEI Accession 0238424). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/zgk5-ep63. 2021-07-07 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25921/zgk5-ep63 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0238424 https://doi.org/10.25921/zgk5-ep63 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.25921/zgk5-ep63 Related dataset information Alin, Simone R. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Newton, Jan University of Washington, Applied Physics Laboratory http://www.apl.washington.edu/ HTTP University of Washington, Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) website Institution web page information author Greeley, Dana NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Curry, Beth University of Washington, Applied Physics Laboratory http://www.apl.washington.edu/ HTTP University of Washington, Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) website Institution web page information author Herndon, Julian University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information author Kozyr, Alex Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information author Feely, Richard A. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference project Alin, S. R., Newton, J. A., Feely, R. A., Greeley, D., Curry, B., Herndon, J., & Warner, M. (2024). A decade-long cruise time series (2008–2018) of physical and biogeochemical conditions in the southern Salish Sea, North America. Earth System Science Data, 16(2), 837–865. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-837-2024 2024-02-08 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-837-2024 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-837-2024 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-837-2024 related journal article information Alin, Simone R. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration author Newton, Jan A. University of Washington author Feely, Richard A. author Greeley, Dana author Curry, Beth author Herndon, Julian author Warner, Mark author Copernicus GmbH publisher documentDigital Earth Syst. Sci. Data 16(2) ISSN 1866-3516, pp. 837-865 crossReference project Alin, S. R., Newton, J. A., Feely, R. A., Siedlecki, S., & Greeley, D. (2024). Seasonality and response of ocean acidification and hypoxia to major environmental anomalies in the southern Salish Sea, North America (2014–2018). Biogeosciences, 21(7), 1639–1673. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024 2024-04-04 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024 related journal article information Alin, Simone R. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration author Newton, Jan A. University of Washington author Feely, Richard A. author Siedlecki, Samantha University of Connecticut http://www.uconn.edu/index.php HTTP University of Connecticut (UConn) website Institution web page information author Greeley, Dana author Copernicus GmbH publisher documentDigital Biogeosciences 21(7) ISSN 1726-4189, pp. 1639-1673 crossReference project Salish Sea Cruises 2008-2018 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/SalishCruise_DataPackage.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/SalishCruise_DataPackage.html Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -125.0179 -122.2989 47.1333 48.4863 2008-02-04 2018-10-19 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 7.448 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0283266.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/5g29-q841 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/283266 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/283266 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0218/0283266/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0283266 v1.1 was published. 2023-09-28T23:07:23Z NCEI Accession 0283266 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0283266/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0283266 v1.1 published 2023-09-28T23:07:23Z download NCEI Accession 0283266 was revised and v2.2 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2024-12-21T00:33:28Z NCEI Accession 0283266 v2.2 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0283266/2.2 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0283266 v2.2 published 2024-12-21T00:33:28Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC_UMOL_KG; Unit: micromoles per kilogram of seawater (umol/kg-SW); Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Not applicable; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Two systems consisting of a coulometer (UIC, Inc.) coupled with a SOMMA (Single Operator Multiparameter Metabolic Analyzer) inlet system developed by K.M. Johnson (Johnson et al., 1985, 1987, 1993, 1999; Johnson,1992) of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: PLEASE NOTE: DIC may be referred to as TCO2, TCARBN, or C(sub)T in other data sets. All of these abbreviations refer to the total dissolved inorganic carbon concentration (i.e., the combined concentration of dissolved CO2, bicarbonate ion, and carbonate ion). Inorganic carbon samples were collected from Niskins after oxygen samples. A combined sample for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) measurements was drawn into ~540 mL borosilicate glass flasks using silicone tubing according to procedures outlined in the Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements (SOP 1, Dickson et al. 2007). Briefly, flasks were rinsed once and filled from the bottom with care not to entrain any bubbles, overflowing by at least one-half volume. The sample tube was pinched and withdrawn, creating a small headspace, and 0.2 mL of saturated mercuric chloride (HgCl2) solution was added as a preservative. Sample bottles were then sealed with glass stoppers lightly covered with Apiezon-L grease. Stoppers were held in place until analysis with a thick rubber band over the stopper attached to a plastic clamp around the neck of the sample flask. Sample bottles were inverted several times to ensure mixing of the HgCl2 throughout the sample. DIC samples were collected from variety of depths, with approximately 5% of samples drawn in duplicate (or occasionally triplicate). All samples were stored under cool, dark conditions until analysis. DIC concentrations were measured at PMEL on analytical systems consisting of a coulometer (UIC Inc.) coupled with a Single Operator Multiparameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA). The SOMMA was developed to extract DIC from seawater by Ken Johnson and colleagues (Johnson et al. 1985, 1987, 1993, and 1999; Johnson 1992) of Brookhaven National Laboratory. Each coulometer was calibrated at the beginning of each analysis day, when a fresh coulometric cell was prepared, by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.999%) by way of an eight-port valve (Wilke et al., 1993) outfitted with two calibrated sample loops of different sizes (~1 mL and ~2 mL). Roughly 20–25 samples were typically analyzed per coulometric cell.; Replicate information: Duplicate samples were collected from approximately 5% of the Niskins sampled, as a check of our precision. These replicate samples were interspersed throughout the station analysis for quality assurance and integrity of the coulometer cell solutions. The average absolute difference from the mean of these replicates is 1.5 µmol/kg. No systematic differences between the replicates were observed.; Standardization description: Each coulometer was calibrated by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.999%) by means of an 8-port valve (Wilke et al., 1993) outfitted with two calibrated sample loops of different sizes (~1 mL and ~2 mL. The instruments were each separately calibrated at the beginning of each cell with a minimum of two sets of these gas loop injections and then again at the end of each cell to ensure no drift during the life of the cell.; Standardization frequency: 1) Gas loops were run at the beginning and end of each cell; 2) CRM’s supplied by Dr. A. Dickson of SIO, were measured near the beginning; and 3) Duplicate samples were typically run throughout the life of the cell solution.; CRM manufacturer: Dr. Andrew Dickson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography); CRM batch number: Various; Preservation method: Mercuric Chloride Solution (saturated HgCl2); Preservative volume: 0.2 mL; Preservative correction: The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 mL of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation. The total water volume of the sample bottles was ~540 mL. The correction factor used for dilution was 1.00037.; Uncertainty: ±0.1%; Quality flag convention: DIC_FLAG_W, WOCE water sample quality codes are used: 2 = acceptable measurement, 3 = questionable measurement, 4 = bad measurement, 5 = not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn for measurement from this Niskin bottle. These QC codes were initially assigned on the basis of the observed quality of laboratory analysis. These codes do not account for field sampling aberrations. Adjustments to quality codes were made after careful inspection of the data set after data processing. Where sample values were observed to be strong outliers in cross-plots with other variables, the quality codes have been updated from a 2 to a 3 or 4 after close inspection of the profile at that station, including other parameters. Those flagged 3 represent values that are questionable due to being out of expected ranges or having inverted profile values from what would normally be expected in this region. Those flagged 4 are either values that clearly represent a Niskin misfire at an unknown depth or were flagged 4 due to analytical problems. Measurements with quality codes of 4 have been expunged and replaced with quality codes of 5 prior to submission.; Method reference: Dickson, A.G., C.L. Sabine, and J.R. Christian (eds.). 2007. Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp. Johnson, K.M., A.E. King, and J. McN. Sieburth. 1985. Coulometric DIC analyses for marine studies: An introduction. Mar. Chem., 16, 61–82. Johnson, K.M., P.J. Williams, L. Brandstrom, and J. McN. Sieburth. 1987. Coulometric total carbon analysis for marine studies: Automation and calibration. Mar. Chem., 21, 117–133. Johnson, K.M. 1992. Operator’s manual: Single operator multiparameter metabolic analyzer (SOMMA) for total carbon dioxide (CT) with coulometric detection. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Brookhaven, N.Y., 70 pp. Johnson, K.M., K.D. Wills, D.B. Butler, W.K. Johnson, and C.S. Wong. 1993. Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Maximizing the performance of an automated continuous gas extraction system and coulometric detector. Mar. Chem., 44, 167–189. Johnson, K.M., Kortzinger, A.; Mintrop, L.; Duinker, J.C.; and Wallace, D.W.R. 1999. Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Measurement and internal consistency of underway surface TCO2 concentrations. Marine Chemistry 67(1):123-144.; Researcher name: Dana Greeley; PIs: Simone Alin and Richard Feely; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TA_UMOL_KG; Unit: micromoles per kilogram of seawater (umol/kg-SW); Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Not applicable; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Custom instrument, built by Dr. Andrew Dickson's laboratory at Scripps Oceanographic Institution.; Type of titration: Two-stage, potentiometric, open-cell titration using coulometrically analyzed hydrochloric acid; Cell type (open or closed): Open; Curve fitting method: Non-linear least squares; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Seawater samples for total alkalinity were drawn directly from Niskin bottles into 250-500mL borosilicate glass (Corning Pyrex/Schott Duran) bottles as described in SOP1 of “The Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements” (Dickson A.G., Sabine L.S. and Christian J.R, Eds., 2007), using silicone tubing. The bottles were then sealed with glass stoppers lightly coated with Apiezon-L grease. The flasks were rinsed once and filled from the bottom with care not to entrain any bubbles, overflowing by at least one full volume. The sample tube was pinched off and withdrawn, creating a ~1% headspace and preserved with small vol. of a saturated mercuric chloride solution (0.12-0.24mL) and the final alkalinity concentration corrected for this addition. The samples were subsequently analyzed according to SOP3b of “The Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements”, using an open cell titration system built by the Dickson Lab in 2016 at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego. Sample and instrument temperature was controlled and sample size was measured gravimetrically. The instrument was controlled and alkalinity determined by software developed by the Dickson Lab. Instrument accuracy and precision was monitored at regular intervals using Certified Reference Materials (CRMs), consisting of filtered and UV irradiated seawater supplied by the Dickson Lab (SIO-UCSD).; Replicate information: Duplicate samples were collected from approximately 10% of the Niskins sampled as a check of our precision.; Standardization description: Analytical accuracy was assessed by routine analysis of Certified Reference Materials (CRMs). CRMs were analyzed approximately every 10 to 24 samples. The average offset for samples run on our analytical systems is <2 µmol/kg.; Standardization frequency: All values were directly measured with reference to Certified Reference Material (Dickson, SIO); CRM manufacturer: Dr. Andrew Dickson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography); CRM batch number: Various; Preservation method: Mercuric Chloride Solution; Preservative volume: 0.12-0.24 ml; Preservative correction: The TA values were corrected for dilution by 0.12-0.24 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation.; TA blank correction: Not applicable; Uncertainty: The precision of this method is better than 0.1% and accuracy is 0.1%.; Quality flag convention: TA_FLAG_W, WOCE water sample quality codes are used: 2 = acceptable measurement, 3 = questionable measurement, 4 = bad measurement, 5 = not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn for measurement from this Niskin bottle. These QC codes were initially assigned on the basis of the observed quality of laboratory analysis. These codes do not account for field sampling aberrations. Adjustments to quality codes were made after careful inspection of the data set after data processing. Where sample values were observed to be strong outliers in cross-plots with other variables, the quality codes have been updated from a 2 to a 3 or 4 after close inspection of the profile at that station, including other parameters. Those flagged 3 represent values that are questionable due to being out of expected ranges, having inverted profile values from what would normally be expected in this region, or being strong outliers in TA vs. S cross-plot and regression analyses. Those flagged 4 are either values that clearly represent a Niskin misfire at an unknown depth or were flagged 4 due to analytical problems. Measurements with quality codes of 4 have been expunged and replaced with quality codes of 5 prior to submission.; Method reference: • Bates, R.G. Determination of pH. Theory and Practice. A Wiley-Interscience Publication, Second Edition. • Dickson A.G. (1981). An exact definition of total alkalinity, and a procedure for the estimation of alkalinity and total inorganic carbon from titration data. Deep-Sea Res. 28, 609-623. • Dickson A.G. (1992). The development of the alkalinity concept in marine chemistry. Marine chemistry 40:1-21-2, 49-63. • Dickson, A. G., Afghan, J. D., Anderson, G. C. (2003). Reference materials for oceanic CO2 analysis: A method for the certification of total alkalinity. Marine Chemistry 80, 185–197 • Gran G. (1952). Determination of the equivalence point in potentiometric titrations. Part II. The analyst, 77, 661-671. • Wolf-Gladrow, D.A. et al. (2007). Total alkalinity: The explicit conservative expression and its application to biogeochemical process.; Researcher name: Julian Herndon; PIs: Simone Alin and Richard Feely; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH_total_Lueker and pH_total_Waters; pH scale: total; Observation type: pH values calculated from DIC_UMOL_KG and TA_UMOL_KG; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Calculation method and parameters: Calculations were done using two different dissociation constant coefficients, Lueker et al. (2000) and Waters et al. (2014), as described in the abstract for this data product. The resulting values are differentiated by "_Lueker" and "_Waters" in the variable names and column headers.; Temperature of pH measurement: in-situ temperature; Uncertainty: ±3.0% for [H+] per Orr et al. 2018, including both input variable uncertainties and uncertainties associated with dissociation constants; Quality flag convention: All data flags for input parameters used for calculating pH were QC 2 ("acceptable"). Therefore, the calculated pH values should also have QC flags of 2.; Method reference: Gattuso et al. (2023); Researcher name: Simone Alin; Researcher institution: NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: fCO2_inSitu_Lueker, fCO2_inSitu_Waters, pCO2_inSitu_Lueker, and pCO2_inSitu_Waters; Unit: Microatmospheres (µatm); Observation type: pCO2 and fCO2 values calculated from DIC_UMOL_KG and TA_UMOL_KG at in situ temperatures and pressures; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Calculation method and parameters: Calculations were done using two different dissociation constant coefficients, Lueker et al. (2000) and Waters et al. (2014), as described in the abstract for this data product. The resulting values are differentiated by "_Lueker" and "_Waters" in the variable names and column headers.; At what temperature was pCO2 reported: in-situ temperature; Uncertainty: ±3.5% for pCO2 per Orr et al. 2018, including both input variable uncertainties and uncertainties associated with dissociation constants; Quality flag convention: All data flags for input parameters used for calculating fCO2 and pCO2 were QC 2 ("acceptable"). Therefore, the calculated fCO2 and pCO2 values should also have QC flags of 2.; Method reference: Gattuso et al. (2023); Researcher name: Simone Alin; Researcher institution: NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Parameter or Variable: Hydrostatic pressure recorded from CTD at the depth where the sample is taken; Abbreviation: CTDPRS_DBAR; Unit: dbars (=decibars); Observation type: Water column profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Not applicable; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird Scientific SBE CTD (various models--see each cruise for details if needed); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: This file contains the up cast data collected using the CTD package and any additional sensors attached to a rosette cage deployed on a research vessel. The up cast data correspond to when the bottles on the rosette cage were fired and water samples were collected. All up casts during the cruise are contained in this file and are sorted by station. CTD data were processed using Sea-Bird's proprietary data processing software using the Data Conversion and Bottle Summary modules. Data Conversion converts raw data from the CTD to engineering units, storing the converted data in a .ros file. Bottle Summary reads the .ros file created by Data Conversion, derives dependent variables and writes a bottle data summary to a .btl file.; Uncertainty: Pressure: initial accuracy = +/- 0.015% of full scale range; typical stability = 0.02% of full scale per year; master clock error contribution = Pressure 0.3 dbar (for 6800 meter depth-rated sensor).; Quality flag convention: No data flags were applied to CTD data; Method reference: Sea-Bird Scientific web site: http://www.seabird.com/sbe911plus-ctd; Researcher name: Jan Newton; Researcher institution: University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory Parameter or Variable: CTD temperature, ITS-90 scale; Abbreviation: CTDTMP_ITS90_DEG_C; Unit: degrees celsius, ITS-90 scale; Observation type: Water column profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird Scientific SBE CTD (various models--see each cruise for details if needed); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: This file contains the up cast data collected using the CTD package and any additional sensors attached to a rosette cage deployed on a research vessel. The up cast data correspond to when the bottles on the rosette cage were fired and water samples were collected. All up casts during the cruise are contained in this file and are sorted by station. CTD data were processed using Sea-Bird's proprietary data processing software using the Data Conversion and Bottle Summary modules. Data Conversion converts raw data from the CTD to engineering units, storing the converted data in a .ros file. Bottle Summary reads the .ros file created by Data Conversion, derives dependent variables and writes a bottle data summary to a .btl file.; Uncertainty: Temperature: initial accuracy = +/- 0.001 degrees Celsius; typical stability = 0.0002 degrees Celsius per month; master clock error contribution = 0.00016 degrees Celsius; Quality flag convention: CTDTMP_FLAG_W, WOCE CTDO data quality codes are used: 1 = not calibrated, 2 = acceptable measurement, 3 = questionable measurement, 4 = bad measurement, 5 = not reported, 6 = interpolated over a pressure interval larger than 2 dbar, 7 = despiked, 9 = not sampled. We note that during data processing with Sea Bird software, data alignment is improved to prevent spiking. All data quality codes contained in this data set were assigned after data processing and were given a value of 2 by default. Those flagged 3 represent values that are questionable due to being out of expected ranges or having inverted profile values from what would normally be expected in this region. Adjustments to quality codes were made after careful inspection of the data set after data processing.; Method reference: Sea-Bird Scientific web site: http://www.seabird.com/sbe911plus-ctd; Researcher name: Jan Newton; Researcher institution: University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory Parameter or Variable: CTD salinity; Abbreviation: CTDSAL_PSS78; Unit: 1978 Practical Salinity Scale; Observation type: Water column profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Calculated from conductivity measurements.; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird Scientific SBE 4 Conductivity Sensor; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: This file contains the up cast data collected using the CTD package and any additional sensors attached to a rosette cage deployed on a research vessel. The up cast data correspond to when the bottles on the rosette cage were fired and water samples were collected. All up casts during the cruise are contained in this file and are sorted by station. CTD data were processed using Sea-Bird's proprietary data processing software using the Data Conversion and Bottle Summary modules. Data Conversion converts raw data from the CTD to engineering units, storing the converted data in a .ros file. Bottle Summary reads the .ros file created by Data Conversion, derives dependent variables and writes a bottle data summary to a .btl file.; Uncertainty: Conductivity: initial accuracy = +/- 0.0003 S/m; typical stability = 0.0003 S/m per month; master clock error contribution = 0.00005 S/m; Quality flag convention: CTDSAL_FLAG_W, WOCE CTDO data quality codes are used: 1 = not calibrated, 2 = acceptable measurement, 3 = questionable measurement, 4 = bad measurement, 5 = not reported, 6 = interpolated over a pressure interval larger than 2 dbar, 7 = despiked, 9 = not sampled. We note that during data processing with Sea Bird software, data alignment is improved to prevent spiking. All data quality codes contained in this data set were assigned after data processing and were given a value of 2 by default. Those flagged 3 represent values that are questionable due to being out of expected ranges, having inverted profile values from what would normally be expected in this region, or being outliers on TA-S plots where TA values look as expected. Adjustments to quality codes were made after careful inspection of the data set after data processing.; Method reference: Sea-Bird Scientific web site: http://www.seabird.com/sbe911plus-ctd; Researcher name: Jan Newton; Researcher institution: University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory Parameter or Variable: Concentration of phosphate (PO4--) measured from discrete bottles; Abbreviation: PHOSPHATE_UMOL_L; Unit: micromoles per liter of seawater (umol/L or uM); Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected in Niskin bottles on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: To convert units from umol per L to umol per kg, we divided PHOSPHATE_UMOL_L by the value of sigma theta (potential density anomaly, kg per m3) calculated for laboratory conditions (i.e. using laboratory temperature [22 degrees C] and sample salinity) and multiplied by 1000 L per m3. The content is also provided in umol per kg units, under the column header PHOSPHATE_UMOL_KG.; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Seal Analytical AA3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: From the Niskin bottle, seawater was drawn into 60 mL HDPE sample bottles to rinse the bottle and cap twice. Plungers were removed from 60 mL syringes with Nalgene filters attached (surfactant-free cellulose, 25 mm, 0.45 micron pore size) and rinsed twice with seawater from the Niskin. The syringe was filled with sample water from the Niskin. The plunger was inserted, the syringe inverted, and the filter removed to remove the air bubble. With the filter re-attached, about 5 mL of of sample water was filtered into sample bottle to rinse and then discarded. 45-50 mL of sample was filtered into sample bottle, such that it was less than 2/3 full. The cap was secured and the bottle frozen upright in a -10 degree Celsius freezer until analyzed. Analyses and calibration followed the protocols of the WOCE Hydrographic Program using a Seal Analytical AA3 (UNESCO 1994).; Replicate information: No replicate samples were collected or analyzed.; Uncertainty: Accreditation codes and detection limits: EPA 365.5_1.4_1997, NELAC Code WM920270, MDLs 0.014uM, 0.0004mg/L (from https://www.ocean.washington.edu/story/Marine+Chemistry+Laboratory).; Quality flag convention: NUTRIENTS_FLAG_W, WOCE water sample quality codes are used: 2 = acceptable measurement, 3 = questionable measurement, 4 = bad measurement, 5 = not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn for measurement from this Niskin bottle. Laboratory quality assurance procedures were followed, as detailed in UNESCO (1994). These QC codes were assigned values of 2 by default initially. However, where sample measurements were observed to be outliers in cross-plots with other variables or in transect depth profiles, the quality codes have been updated from a 2 to a 3 or 4 after close inspection of the profile at that station, including other parameters.; Method reference: UNESCO (1994). Protocols for the joint global ocean flux study (JGOFS) core measurements. Vol. 29.; Researcher name: Kathy Krogsland (for questions, contact Jan Newton); Researcher institution: University of Washington School of Oceanography Parameter or Variable: Concentration of silicate (Si(OH)4, H4SiO4, SiO2, Sil) measured from discrete bottles; Abbreviation: SILICATE_UMOL_L; Unit: micromoles per liter of seawater (umol/L or uM); Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected in Niskin bottles on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: To convert units from umol per L to umol per kg, we divided SILICATE_UMOL_L by the value of sigma theta (potential density anomaly, kg per m3) calculated for laboratory conditions (i.e. using laboratory temperature [22 degrees C] and sample salinity) and multiplied by 1000 L per m3. The content is also provided in umol per kg units, under the column header SILICATE_UMOL_KG.; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Seal Analytical AA3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: From the Niskin bottle, seawater was drawn into 60 mL HDPE sample bottles to rinse the bottle and cap twice. Plungers were removed from 60 mL syringes with Nalgene filters attached (surfactant-free cellulose, 25 mm, 0.45 micron pore size) and rinsed twice with seawater from the Niskin. The syringe was filled with sample water from the Niskin. The plunger was inserted, the syringe inverted, and the filter removed to remove the air bubble. With the filter re-attached, about 5 mL of of sample water was filtered into sample bottle to rinse and then discarded. 45-50 mL of sample was filtered into sample bottle, such that it was less than 2/3 full. The cap was secured and the bottle frozen upright in a -10 degree Celsius freezer until analyzed. Analyses and calibration followed the protocols of the WOCE Hydrographic Program using a Seal Analytical AA3 (UNESCO 1994).; Replicate information: No replicate samples were collected or analyzed.; Uncertainty: Accreditation codes and detection limits: EPA 366, NELAC Code WM920240, MDLs 0.23uM, 0.0063mg/L (from https://www.ocean.washington.edu/story/Marine+Chemistry+Laboratory).; Quality flag convention: NUTRIENTS_FLAG_W, WOCE water sample quality codes are used: 2 = acceptable measurement, 3 = questionable measurement, 4 = bad measurement, 5 = not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn for measurement from this Niskin bottle. Laboratory quality assurance procedures were followed, as detailed in UNESCO (1994). These QC codes were assigned values of 2 by default initially. However, where sample measurements were observed to be outliers in cross-plots with other variables or in transect depth profiles, the quality codes have been updated from a 2 to a 3 or 4 after close inspection of the profile at that station, including other parameters.; Method reference: UNESCO (1994). Protocols for the joint global ocean flux study (JGOFS) core measurements. Vol. 29.; Researcher name: Kathy Krogsland (for questions, contact Jan Newton); Researcher institution: University of Washington School of Oceanography Parameter or Variable: Concentration of nitrate (NO3-) measured from discrete bottles; Abbreviation: NITRATE_UMOL_L; Unit: micromoles per liter of seawater (umol/L or uM); Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected in Niskin bottles on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: To convert units from umol per L to umol per kg, we divided NITRATE_UMOL_L by the value of sigma theta (potential density anomaly, kg per m3) calculated for laboratory conditions (i.e. using laboratory temperature [22 degrees C] and sample salinity) and multiplied by 1000 L per m3. The content is also provided in umol per kg units, under the column header NITRATE_UMOL_KG.; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Analyses and calibration follow the protocols of the WOCE Hydrographic Program using a Seal Analytical AA3.; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: From the Niskin bottle, seawater was drawn into 60 mL HDPE sample bottles to rinse the bottle and cap twice. Plungers were removed from 60 mL syringes with Nalgene filters attached (surfactant-free cellulose, 25 mm, 0.45 micron pore size) and rinsed twice with seawater from the Niskin. The syringe was filled with sample water from the Niskin. The plunger was inserted, the syringe inverted, and the filter removed to remove the air bubble. With the filter re-attached, about 5 mL of of sample water was filtered into sample bottle to rinse and then discarded. 45-50 mL of sample was filtered into sample bottle, such that it was less than 2/3 full. The cap was secured and the bottle frozen upright in a -10 degree Celsius freezer until analyzed. Analyses and calibration followed the protocols of the WOCE Hydrographic Program using a Seal Analytical AA3 (UNESCO 1994).; Replicate information: No replicate samples were collected or analyzed.; Uncertainty: Accreditation codes and detection limits: EPA 353.4_2_1997, NELAC Code 10068209, MDLs 0.288uM, 0.0040mg/L (from https://www.ocean.washington.edu/story/Marine+Chemistry+Laboratory).; Quality flag convention: NUTRIENTS_FLAG_W, WOCE water sample quality codes are used: 2 = acceptable measurement, 3 = questionable measurement, 4 = bad measurement, 5 = not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn for measurement from this Niskin bottle. Laboratory quality assurance procedures were followed, as detailed in UNESCO (1994). These QC codes were assigned values of 2 by default initially. However, where sample measurements were observed to be outliers in cross-plots with other variables or in transect depth profiles, the quality codes have been updated from a 2 to a 3 or 4 after close inspection of the profile at that station, including other parameters.; Method reference: UNESCO (1994). Protocols for the joint global ocean flux study (JGOFS) core measurements. Vol. 29.; Researcher name: Kathy Krogsland (for questions, contact Jan Newton); Researcher institution: University of Washington School of Oceanography Parameter or Variable: Concentration of nitrite (NO2-) measured from discrete bottles.; Abbreviation: NITRITE_UMOL_L; Unit: micromoles per liter of seawater (umol/L or uM); Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected in Niskin bottles on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: To convert units from umol per L to umol per kg, we divided NITRITE_UMOL_L by the value of sigma theta (potential density anomaly, kg per m3) calculated for laboratory conditions (i.e. using laboratory temperature [22 degrees C] and sample salinity) and multiplied by 1000 L per m3. The content is also provided in umol per kg units, under the column header NITRITE_UMOL_KG.; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Seal Analytical AA3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: From the Niskin bottle, seawater was drawn into 60 mL HDPE sample bottles to rinse the bottle and cap twice. Plungers were removed from 60 mL syringes with Nalgene filters attached (surfactant-free cellulose, 25 mm, 0.45 micron pore size) and rinsed twice with seawater from the Niskin. The syringe was filled with sample water from the Niskin. The plunger was inserted, the syringe inverted, and the filter removed to remove the air bubble. With the filter re-attached, about 5 mL of of sample water was filtered into sample bottle to rinse and then discarded. 45-50 mL of sample was filtered into sample bottle, such that it was less than 2/3 full. The cap was secured and the bottle frozen upright in a -10 degree Celsius freezer until analyzed. Analyses and calibration followed the protocols of the WOCE Hydrographic Program using a Seal Analytical AA3 (UNESCO 1994).; Replicate information: No replicate samples were collected or analyzed.; Uncertainty: Accreditation codes and detection limits: EPA 353.4_2_1997, NELAC Code 10068209, MDLs 0.011uM, 0.0002mg/L (from https://www.ocean.washington.edu/story/Marine+Chemistry+Laboratory).; Quality flag convention: NUTRIENTS_FLAG_W, WOCE water sample quality codes are used: 2 = acceptable measurement, 3 = questionable measurement, 4 = bad measurement, 5 = not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn for measurement from this Niskin bottle. Laboratory quality assurance procedures were followed, as detailed in UNESCO (1994). These QC codes were assigned values of 2 by default initially. However, where sample measurements were observed to be outliers in cross-plots with other variables or in transect depth profiles, the quality codes have been updated from a 2 to a 3 or 4 after close inspection of the profile at that station, including other parameters.; Method reference: UNESCO (1994). Protocols for the joint global ocean flux study (JGOFS) core measurements. Vol. 29.; Researcher name: Kathy Krogsland (for questions, contact Jan Newton); Researcher institution: University of Washington School of Oceanography Parameter or Variable: Concentration of ammonium (NH4+) measured from discrete bottles; Abbreviation: AMMONIUM_UMOL_L; Unit: micromoles per liter of seawater (umol/L or uM); Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected in Niskin bottles on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: To convert units from umol per L to umol per kg, we divided AMMONIUM_UMOL_L by the value of sigma theta (potential density anomaly, kg per m3) calculated for laboratory conditions (i.e. using laboratory temperature [22 degrees C] and sample salinity) and multiplied by 1000 L per m3. The ammonium content is also provided in umol per kg units, under the column header AMMONIUM_UMOL_KG.; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Seal Analytical AA3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: From the Niskin bottle, seawater was drawn into 60 mL HDPE sample bottles to rinse the bottle and cap twice. Plungers were removed from 60 mL syringes with Nalgene filters attached (surfactant-free cellulose, 25 mm, 0.45 micron pore size) and rinsed twice with seawater from the Niskin. The syringe was filled with sample water from the Niskin. The plunger was inserted, the syringe inverted, and the filter removed to remove the air bubble. With the filter re-attached, about 5 mL of of sample water was filtered into sample bottle to rinse and then discarded. 45-50 mL of sample was filtered into sample bottle, such that it was less than 2/3 full. The cap was secured and the bottle frozen upright in a -10 degree Celsius freezer until analyzed. Analyses and calibration followed the protocols of the WOCE Hydrographic Program using a Seal Analytical AA3 (UNESCO 1994).; Replicate information: No replicate samples were collected or analyzed.; Uncertainty: Accreditation codes and detection limits: EPA 349, NELAC Code WM920220, MDLs 0.047uM, 0.0007mg/L (from https://www.ocean.washington.edu/story/Marine+Chemistry+Laboratory).; Quality flag convention: NUTRIENTS_FLAG_W, WOCE water sample quality codes are used: 2 = acceptable measurement, 3 = questionable measurement, 4 = bad measurement, 5 = not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn for measurement from this Niskin bottle. Laboratory quality assurance procedures were followed, as detailed in UNESCO (1994). These QC codes were assigned values of 2 by default initially. However, where sample measurements were observed to be outliers in cross-plots with other variables or in transect depth profiles, the quality codes have been updated from a 2 to a 3 or 4 after close inspection of the profile at that station, including other parameters.; Method reference: UNESCO (1994). Protocols for the joint global ocean flux study (JGOFS) core measurements. Vol. 29.; Researcher name: Kathy Krogsland (for questions, contact Jan Newton); Researcher institution: University of Washington School of Oceanography Parameter or Variable: Potential density anomaly, also known as sigma theta, referenced to 0 db pressure; Abbreviation: SIGMATHETA_KG_M3; Unit: kilograms per meter cubed (kg/m3); Observation type: Water column profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Calculation method and parameters: Calculated within Sea-Bird Scientific's SeaSAVE or SBE Data Processing software using TEOS-10 equations for cruises after 2013 and EOS-80 equations prior to 2013 (per web site: http://www.seabird.com/software/sbe-data-processing).; Method reference: http://www.oc.nps.edu/nom/day1/parta.html, http://www.seabird.com/software/sbe-data-processing; Researcher name: Jan Newton; Researcher institution: University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory Parameter or Variable: Longitude in decimal degrees East (negative for Western Hemisphere); Abbreviation: LONGITUDE_DEC; Measured or calculated: Parameter or Variable: Latitude in decimal degrees North (negative for Southern Hemisphere); Abbreviation: LATITUDE_DEC; Measured or calculated: Parameter or Variable: Station number, corresponds to the numerical value after the P in PRISM Station numbers found at http://nvs.nanoos.org/CruiseSalish; Abbreviation: STATION_NO; Measured or calculated: Parameter or Variable: Niskin bottle number. The sequence of trip depths starts with deepest bottle trip = 1.; Abbreviation: NISKIN_NO; Measured or calculated: Parameter or Variable: Date (mm/dd/yyyy) in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); Abbreviation: DATE_UTC; Measured or calculated: Parameter or Variable: Time (HH:mm:ss) in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). NB: time for Station 128 reflects CTD system power up, not individual Niskin bottle fire times.; Abbreviation: TIME_UTC; Measured or calculated: Parameter or Variable: DATE_LOCAL; Abbreviation: DATE_LOCAL; Measured or calculated: Parameter or Variable: Time (HH:mm:ss) in Local Time. NB: time for Station 128 reflects CTD system power up, not individual Niskin bottle fire times.; Abbreviation: TIME_LOCAL; Measured or calculated: Parameter or Variable: Recommended oxygen content; Abbreviation: RECOMMENDED_OXYGEN_UMOL_KG; Unit: micromoles per kilogram of seawater (umol/kg-SW); Observation type: Water column profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: This is a merged parameter consisting of all high-quality OXYGEN_UMOL_KG data (i.e., those with QC flags of 2), with gaps filled by high-quality CTDOXY_UMOL_KG_ADJ measurements.; Method reference: Alin, S. R., Newton, J. A., Feely, R. A., Greeley, D., Curry, B., Herndon, J., & Warner, M. (2024). A decade-long cruise time series (2008–2018) of physical and biogeochemical conditions in the southern Salish Sea, North America. In Earth System Science Data (Vol. 16, Issue 2, pp. 837–865). Copernicus GmbH. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-837-2024; Researcher name: Simone Alin; Researcher institution: NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Parameter or Variable: Aragonite and calcite saturation state values (OmegaAragonite and OmegaCalcite, respectively) calculated from DIC_UMOL_KG and TA_UMOL_KG at in situ temperatures and pressures; Abbreviation: OmegaAragonite_Lueker,OmegaAragonite_Waters, OmegaCalcite_Lueker, and OmegaCalcite_Waters; Measured or calculated: CALCULATED; Calculation method and parameters: CALCULATED; Uncertainty: ±4.9% for OmegaAragonite per Orr et al. 2018, including both input variable uncertainties and uncertainties associated with dissociation constants; Quality flag convention: All data flags for input parameters used for calculating OmegaAragonite and OmegaCalcite were QC 2 ("acceptable"). Therefore, the calculated OmegaAragonite and OmegaCalcite values should also have QC flags of 2.; Method reference: Gattuso et al. (2023); Researcher name: Simone Alin; Researcher institution: NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. CTD CTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe Niskin bottle Niskin bottle Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle? oxygen sensor oxygen sensor Any instrument that measures oxygen content in a compound. salinometer salinometer generic salinometer use salinometer when the instrument type used is unclear but the data include salinity measurements temperature sensor temperature sensor A sensor used to measure temperature. titrator titrator titrator VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS