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        <gco:CharacterString>The data described here are from water samples collected during NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) led fly-in Mission to Nu'uuli, American Samoa from November 4-21, 2024. Five seawater samples were collected at each site, with a total of 20 sites established across a locally known water quality gradient. The seawater samples were processed in the field, then sent to the University of Hawaii at Manoa's SOEST S-Lab to be analyzed for water chemistry and nutrients. This water quality and chemistry data includes chlorophyll-a, dissolved nitrogen, dissolved phosphorus, total suspended solids, seawater salinity (measured at NOAA), and seawater pH (measured in the field).

The analysis of water samples was one of several surveys conducted at the same sites across Nu'uuli Pala lagoon and backreef in November 2024. Other surveys are described separately and accessible under 'Related Items' and include surveys of coral demography, benthic imagery/benthic cover, subsurface temperature loggers, non-coral communities, and coral demography.

The project was funded by NOAA CRCP under project number 31454. Samples were collected by NOAA snorkelers Joy Smith, Juliette Verstaen, and Isabelle Basden.</gco:CharacterString>
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The focal point of the mission was to establish a biological and water quality baseline for Nu'uuli Pala lagoon and backreef. This work was aimed at identifying measurable spatial differences in the structure and composition of the benthic and coral community at Nu'uuli Pala Lagoon and Backreef that can be explained by measurable spatial patterns of water quality (nutrients and sediments). This work will enable Federal and jurisdictional resource managers to more effectively assess the effectiveness of watershed management actions reducing land-based pollution and impacts to the adjacent coral reef ecosystems.</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Ocean Chemistry &gt; Nitrate</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Ocean Chemistry &gt; Nitrite</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Ocean Chemistry &gt; Nutrients</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Ocean Chemistry &gt; Phosphate</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Ocean Chemistry &gt; Silicate</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Ocean Chemistry &gt; pH</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Ocean Temperature &gt; Water Temperature</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Salinity/Density &gt; Salinity</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Terrestrial Hydrosphere &gt; Water Quality/Water Chemistry &gt; Suspended Solids</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>CoRIS Theme Thesaurus</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/6eb3919b-85ce-4988-8b78-9d0018fd8089" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/64d17528-29b4-4e2e-843a-7f7035bb5717" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; AMMONIA</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/7989eae1-8ea3-4039-af0c-9130de145449" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; CHLOROPHYLL</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4fde380a-38c5-4d46-bc80-4f2515a43983" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; NITRATE</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/941410da-0b7f-4ec6-a718-212194ced13f" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; NITRITE</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4433600b-f323-458a-b295-352f939aab6b" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; PH</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/0b513d8c-bfd3-44ee-976e-42757b8375a2" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; PHOSPHATE</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/c91c8879-1b29-48e3-b4cd-a238af66cdaf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; SILICATE</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/718fb499-8c55-4fa6-9a07-ac9155d4bc9d" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; SUSPENDED SOLIDS</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/46206e8c-8def-406f-9e62-da4e74633a58" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN TEMPERATURE &gt; WATER TEMPERATURE</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/7e95b5fc-1d58-431a-af36-948b29fa870d" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; SALINITY/DENSITY &gt; SALINITY</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="instrument">instrument</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
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                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                <gco:CharacterString>24</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>
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                      </gmd:address>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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                          <gmd:protocol>
                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gmd:name>
                            <gco:CharacterString>GCMD Keyword Forum Page</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gmd:description>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gmd:function>
                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      </gmd:onlineResource>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>OCEAN BASIN &gt; Pacific Ocean &gt; Tutuila Island &gt; Nu'uuli (14S170W0037)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>CoRIS Place Thesaurus</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/fa0ec8a7-ebed-4f2d-834b-1fa6a1c2e0ed" xlink:actuate="onRequest">OCEAN &gt; PACIFIC OCEAN &gt; SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:date>
                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
                  </gmd:date>
                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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              <gmd:edition>
                <gco:CharacterString>24</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:address>
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                          <gmd:city>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gmd:administrativeArea>
                            <gco:CharacterString>MD</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:administrativeArea>
                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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                      </gmd:onlineResource>
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                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Place Names</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>YUFE9E</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Send2NCEI Submission Package ID</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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        <gmd:MD_Constraints>
          <gmd:useLimitation>
            <gco:CharacterString>accessLevel: public</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:resourceConstraints xlink:title="NCEI Data Citation Statement">
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>Niskin bottle</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>Niskin bottle</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth

Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle?</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bedd">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>pH sensor</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>pH sensor</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>generic meter used to measure pH

Any of a class of instruments used to quantify pH in a water or other type of sample.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
    </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>