{"@type": "dcat:Dataset", "accessLevel": "public", "bureauCode": ["011:21"], "contactPoint": {"@type": "vcard:Contact", "fn": "Open Data Office of Justice Programs (USDOJ)", "hasEmail": "mailto:opendata@usdoj.gov"}, "dataQuality": false, "description": "This study was designed to collect comprehensive data on\r\n the types of \"crime prevention through environmental design\" (CPTED)\r\n methods used by cities of 30,000 population and larger, the extent to\r\n which these methods were used, and their perceived effectiveness. A\r\n related goal was to discern trends, variations, and expansion of CPTED\r\n principles traditionally employed in crime prevention and\r\n deterrence. \"Security by design\" stems from the theory that proper\r\n design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a\r\n reduction in the incidence and fear of crime and an improvement in\r\n quality of life. Examples are improving street lighting in high-crime\r\n locations, traffic re-routing and control to hamper drug trafficking\r\n and other crimes, inclusion of security provisions in city building\r\n codes, and comprehensive review of planned development to ensure\r\n careful consideration of security. To gather these data, the United\r\n States Conference of Mayors (USCM), which had previously studied a\r\n variety of issues including the fear of crime, mailed a survey to the\r\n mayors of 1,060 cities in 1994. Follow-up surveys were sent in 1995\r\n and 1996. The surveys gathered information about the role of CPTED in\r\n a variety of local government policies and procedures, local\r\n ordinances, and regulations relating to building, local development,\r\n and zoning. Information was also collected on processes that offered\r\n opportunities for integrating CPTED principles into local development\r\n or redevelopment and the incorporation of CPTED into decisions about\r\n the location, design, and management of public facilities. Questions\r\n focused on whether the city used CPTED principles, which CPTED\r\n techniques were used (architectural features, landscaping and\r\n landscape materials, land-use planning, physical security devices,\r\n traffic circulation systems, or other), the city department with\r\n primary responsibility for ensuring compliance with CPTED zoning\r\n ordinances/building codes and other departments that actively\r\n participated in that enforcement (mayor's office, fire department,\r\n public works department, planning department, city manager, economic\r\n development office, police department, building department, parks and\r\n recreation, zoning department, city attorney, community development\r\n office, or other), the review process for proposed development,\r\n security measures for public facilities, traffic diversion and\r\n control, and urban beautification programs. Respondents were also\r\n asked about other security-by-design features being used, including\r\n whether they were mandatory or optional, if optional, how they were\r\n instituted (legislation, regulation, state building code, or other),\r\n and if applicable, how they were legislated (city ordinance, city\r\n resolution, or state law). Information was also collected on the\r\n perceived effectiveness of each technique, if local development\r\n regulations existed regarding convenience stores, if joint code\r\n enforcement was in place, if banks, neighborhood groups, private\r\n security agencies, or other groups were involved in the traffic\r\n diversion and control program, and the responding city's population,\r\nper capita income, and form of government.", "distribution": [{"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR02777.v1", "title": "Security by Design:  Revitalizing Urban Neighborhoods in the United States, 1994-1996  "}], "identifier": "3191", "issued": "1999-12-14T00:00:00", "keyword": ["crime prevention", "fear of crime", "neighborhood change", "neighborhoods", "public safety", "security", "urban areas", "urban crime", "urban development", "urban planning", "urban renewal"], "language": ["eng"], "license": "http://www.usa.gov/publicdomain/label/1.0/", "modified": "2005-11-04T00:00:00", "programCode": ["011:060"], "publisher": {"@type": "org:Organization", "name": "National Institute of Justice", "subOrganizationOf": {"acronym": "OJP", "id": 22, "name": "Office of Justice Programs", "parentOrganization": {"acronym": "DOJ", "id": 10, "name": "Department of Justice"}, "parentOrganizationID": 10}}, "title": "Security by Design:  Revitalizing Urban Neighborhoods in the United States, 1994-1996  "}