noaa-coral-1875 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-07-24 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Palmyra Island - Modern and Fossil Coral del18O Data 2003-07-16 publication doi:10.25921/whp9-da61 noaa-coral-1875 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Cobb, K.M. originator Cobb, K.M. author Charles, C.D. originator Charles, C.D. author Cheng, H. originator Cheng, H. author Edwards, R.L. originator Edwards, R.L. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Coral. The data include parameters of corals and sclerosponges with a geographic location of Central Pacific Ocean. The time period coverage is from 1022 to -48 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past climate and ocean environment derived from stable isotope, trace metal, and other measurements made on corals and sclerosponges. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-coral.png Paleoclimatology - Coral and Sclerosponge PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Biological Records > Coral Deposits Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Ocean/Lake Records > Coral Deposits Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Ocean/Lake Records > Coral Deposits theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges > oxygen isotopes theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian PAGES 2k Network PAGES Australasia 2k theme What: delta 18O; Material: Porites lutea What: age; Material: null What: delta 18O; Material: Porites lutea What: delta 18O; Material: Porites lutea What: delta 18O; Material: Porites lutea What: delta 18O; Material: Porites lutea What: delta 18O; Material: Porites lutea What: delta 18O; Material: Porites lutea theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Palmyra Island South Beach Site > LATITUDE 5.873 > LONGITUDE -162.088 Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Palmyra Island North Beach Site > LATITUDE 5.893 > LONGITUDE -162.073 Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Palmyra Island Channel Site > LATITUDE 5.885 > LONGITUDE -162.105 Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Palmyra Island West Reef Flat > LATITUDE 5.87 > LONGITUDE -162.12 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Cobb, K.M.; Charles, C.D.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L. (2003-07-16): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Palmyra Island - Modern and Fossil Coral del18O Data. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/whp9-da61. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. El Nino/Southern Oscillation and tropical Pacific climate during the last millennium 2003 publication Cobb, K.; Charles, C.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, L author Nature publisher https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01779 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2003 Cobb, K.; Charles, C.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, L, 2003: El Nino/Southern Oscillation and tropical Pacific climate during the last millennium. Nature, 424, 271-276, 10.1038/nature01779 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 928 CE to 1998 CE; Date Range: 1022 cal yr BP to -48 cal yr BP; -162.12 -162.073 5.87 5.893 928 1998 STUDY NOTES: The data are oxygen isotopic measurements from modern and fossil corals collected from Palmyra Island (6°N, 162°W). The modern coral was drilled in ~30' of water, while the fossil corals were drilled from large heads scattered on three ocean-facing beaches at Palmyra. The corals were dated using U/Th chemistry, and then overlapping sequences were spliced together, guided by matching d18O variability. The sequences range in age from 930A.D. to the 20th century, are 30 to 150 years long, and are presented at monthly resolution. The sample names refer to collection sites on Palmyra Island (see Figure 1 of Nature paper). See Supplementary Info. associated with the Nature article for more detailed geochemical and chronological information. ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Any assessment of future climate change requires knowledge of the full range of natural variability in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. Here we splice together fossil-coral oxygen isotopic records from Palmyra Island in the tropical Pacific Ocean to provide 30–150-year windows of tropical Pacific climate variability within the last 1,100 years. The records indicate mean climate conditions in the central tropical Pacific ranging from relatively cool and dry during the tenth century to increasingly warmer and wetter climate in the twentieth century. But the corals also document a broad range of ENSO behaviour that correlates poorly with these estimates of mean climate. The most intense ENSO activity within the reconstruction occurred during the mid-seventeenth century. Taken together, the coral data imply that the majority of ENSO variability over the last millennium may have arisen from dynamics internal to the ENSO system itself. 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Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/whp9-da61 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/1875 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/coral-sclerosponge HTTPS Information NCEI Coral Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/palmyra_rawcoralsoffset.mat HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/palmyra_rawcoralsoffset.mat Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/palmyra_rawcoralsnooffset.mat HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/palmyra_rawcoralsnooffset.mat Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/palmyra_evencoralsoffset.mat HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/palmyra_evencoralsoffset.mat Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-spl17_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-spl17_noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-spl14_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-spl14_noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-sb8_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-sb8_noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-sb7_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-sb7_noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-sb6_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-sb6_noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-sb5_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-sb5_noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-sb3_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-sb3_noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-sb17_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-sb17_noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-sb13_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-sb13_noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-nb9_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-nb9_noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-nb12_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-nb12_noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-mod_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-mod_noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-ch9_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-ch9_noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-ch5_noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/east_pacific/cobb2003-ch5_noaa.txt Coral download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21