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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                    <gco:Date>2017-04-24</gco:Date>
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          <gmd:otherConstraints>
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        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_Constraints>
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      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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          </gmd:useConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:actuate="onRequest" xlink:title="CC0-1.0" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">These data were produced by NOAA and are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. NOAA waives any potential copyright and related rights in these data worldwide through the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0-1.0).</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:accessConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Access Constraints: Restrictions, if any, are dictated by the Coast Survey Sensitive Data Handling Policy (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bKT2HxDGzuVjMC32--JGRKFPlSnfIe9j/view?usp=sharing).</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useConstraints>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Use Constraints: The data in this dataset has undergone only a preliminary review. Accordingly, any data in this dataset is not approved for navigation, and is labeled as such. Users assume all risks associated with the use of this preliminary data.

Once the bathymetric data has undergone the traditional, full review, NOAA will release the data in support of official, approved navigation product updates.</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Distribution Liability: This data is not for navigational purposes. While every effort has been made to ensure that this data is accurate and reliable, NOAA assumes no liability for any damage caused by any errors or omissions in the data.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_SecurityConstraints>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Raw Data: OCS will make all Raw (unqualified) data available upon receipt via the NOAA Open Data Dissemination (NODD) Program. Restrictions, if any, are dictated by the OCS Sensitive Data Handling Policy (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bKT2HxDGzuVjMC32--JGRKFPlSnfIe9j/view?usp=sharing).

Data will be made available at NCEI for data types NCEI accepts.

Additional data access mechanisms may be utilized.

QA/QC Data: Any restrictions on sharing are governed by the OCS Sensitive Data Handling Policy.

Final Data: Locally stored Final Data are only accessible by OCS employees. Publicly archived data sharing restrictions are governed by the OCS Sensitive Data Handling Policy.</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:handlingDescription gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:MD_SecurityConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:aggregationInfo>
        <gmd:MD_AggregateInformation>
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                    <gmx:Anchor xlink:title="DOI">https://doi.org/10.25921/qh2z-7261</gmx:Anchor>
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Executive Order 14285, "Unleashing America's Offshore Critical Minerals and Resources."
Seabed Mining and the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act (DSHMRA)
33 U.S. Code Chapter 47 Ocean Exploration</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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      <gmd:transferOptions>
        <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://console.cloud.google.com/storage/browser/noaa-deep-sea-minerals</gmd:URL>
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              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>All data available upon receipt via the NOAA Open Data Dissemination (NODD) Program. Restrictions, if any, are dictated by the Coast Survey Sensitive Data Handling Policy.
The data in this dataset has undergone only a preliminary review. Accordingly, any data in this dataset is not approved for navigation, and is labeled as such. Users assume all risks associated with the use of this preliminary data.
Once the bathymetric data has undergone the traditional, full review, NOAA will release the data in support of official, approved navigation product updates.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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      <gmd:transferOptions>
        <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
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            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                <gmd:URL>https://noaa.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=dbd382c4ef5a4464a0a29dfcefda8d43</gmd:URL>
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              </gmd:name>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>A hosted feature service showing the location and coverage derived from NOAA's National Ocean Service (NOS), Office of Coast Survey Hydrographic Surveys in U.S. waters and non-hydrographic surveys acquired external to Coast Survey, that have been assessed by Coast Survey for use in NOAA's navigational products and the National Bathymetry.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
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                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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      </gmd:transferOptions>
    </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
  <gmd:dataQualityInfo>
    <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
      <gmd:scope>
        <gmd:DQ_Scope>
          <gmd:level>
            <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode" codeListValue="dataset">dataset</gmd:MD_ScopeCode>
          </gmd:level>
        </gmd:DQ_Scope>
      </gmd:scope>
      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Horizontal Positional Accuracy</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>Horizontal positional accuracy varies by survey dataset. Review the metadata associated with each dataset for specifics.

The earliest technique, using resection and sextants, was common for large-scale surveys (1:5000) until the 1970s. This technique measured angles between onboard sextants and three onshore objects with known positions. This method was limited to line-of-sight, though buoys extended the range offshore with a resulting decrease in accuracy. Positional accuracies typically ranged from 5 to 10 meters.

The precursor to modern electronic techniques, Radio-Acoustic-Ranging, was developed in 1924 and used until the early 1940s. This technique determined a vessel's position up to 200 miles offshore by measuring the time difference between a TNT explosion and the received radio transmission from fixed hydrophones.

Electronic Positioning Systems like Shoran, EPI, and Raydist became popular starting in the mid-1940s and were widely used until the mid-1990s. Positional accuracy for these systems typically ranged from 10 to 20 meters, though improved land-based systems later achieved accuracies less than 10 meters.

Surveys occurring since 1990 utilize Global Positioning System (GPS) in differential mode (DGPS), which became the standard for most inshore surveys. Typical accuracies for DGPS derived positions are +/- 5 meters.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy>
          <gmd:nameOfMeasure>
            <gco:CharacterString>Vertical Positional Accuracy</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>Vertical positional accuracy varies by survey dataset. Review the metadata associated with each dataset for specifics.

Early lead line depth accuracy was limited by the influence of line stretch, currents, bottom types and other unknown correction factors. While accuracy is typically sufficient for shallow depths, its precision degrades significantly with depth.

Singlebeam fathometer vertical accuracy is a variable percentage of depth, and requires numerous corrections for equipment, ship motion, sound speed, heading error, and time delay.

Post-1970 multibeam sonar significantly improved vertical accuracy and processing specificity. In concert with modern ancillary sensors (sound speed profilers, inertial motion units) and precision calibrations, depths are typically recorded on the order of centimeters. The accuracy of these measurements rely heavily on the same corrections as singlebeam fathometers and report vertical precision for high-resolution systems in shallow water as low as +/- 2 centimeters. Generally, the number is commonly reported as 10 to 20 centimeters.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:report>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Completeness Report</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>Many areas portrayed on nautical charts have never been adequately surveyed for modern shipping needs. More than 50% of the areas covered by these charts are based on lead line soundings acquired prior to 1940. Additionally, until the 1990s, the spacing between sounding lines may have been too wide to discover all features on the seafloor including wrecks and other obstructions. Modern surveys using multibeam and side scan sonar increase the chances of locating all such features but due to equipment and resource limitations, there can be no guarantee that all have been found in an area. In areas of critical navigational importance (entrances to ports, heavily traveled nearshore sea lanes, etc.) the most rigorous survey techniques are used, decreasing the chance of missing important seafloor features, but not eliminating that possibility.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_CompletenessCommission>
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      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_ConceptualConsistency>
          <gmd:nameOfMeasure>
            <gco:CharacterString>Conceptual Consistency</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>Historically, various editions of the Hydrographic Manual (published in 1931, 1942, 1960, 1976, 2009) provided guidance for accuracy and resolution. Current standards are set forth in the NOS Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables (updated annually). All measured depths have been corrected for water level relative to chart datum, dynamic vessel draft including settlement and squat, and sound speed variations.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_ConceptualConsistency>
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        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:statement gco:nilReason="missing" />
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>HSD has traditionally been the organization that acquired the bulk of the hydrographic survey data. Beginning in 1834 hydrographic data was collected by a fleet of survey ships in deep water operations supplemented inshore by field parties. Since the late 1990's many surveys have been by contractors. Through the years this process of data capture has been supplemented by other government agencies like the Corps of Engineers in channel dredging and the United States Coast Guard in Notice to Mariner publications warning of navigation dangers. Private citizens can also contribute data by sending correspondence depicting wrecks, obstructions or shoals.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:individualName>
                    <gmx:Anchor xlink:title="https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5269-8700">Robertson, Evan</gmx:Anchor>
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                  <gmd:contactInfo>
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                          <gmd:voice>
                            <gco:CharacterString>(757) 317-0781</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:voice>
                        </gmd:CI_Telephone>
                      </gmd:phone>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                            <gco:CharacterString>evan.j.robertson@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
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                  </gmd:contactInfo>
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                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="processor">processor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Hydrographic data collected by the field units are processed to the standards set forth in Office of Coast Survey's Hydrographic Survey Specifications and Deliverables (HSSD).</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:individualName>
                    <gmx:Anchor xlink:title="https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5269-8700">Robertson, Evan</gmx:Anchor>
                  </gmd:individualName>
                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:phone>
                        <gmd:CI_Telephone>
                          <gmd:voice>
                            <gco:CharacterString>(757) 317-0781</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:voice>
                        </gmd:CI_Telephone>
                      </gmd:phone>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                            <gco:CharacterString>evan.j.robertson@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
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          <gmd:source>
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                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables (HSSD)</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gmd:CI_Date>
                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2024-01-01</gco:Date>
                      </gmd:date>
                      <gmd:dateType>
                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                      </gmd:dateType>
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                  </gmd:date>
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                    <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Office of Coast Survey</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:organisationName>
                      <gmd:contactInfo>
                        <gmd:CI_Contact>
                          <gmd:onlineResource>
                            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                              <gmd:linkage>
                                <gmd:URL>https://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/publications/standards-and-requirements.html</gmd:URL>
                              </gmd:linkage>
                              <gmd:protocol>
                                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
                              </gmd:protocol>
                              <gmd:name>
                                <gco:CharacterString>Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables (HSSD) PDF</gco:CharacterString>
                              </gmd:name>
                              <gmd:description>
                                <gco:CharacterString>The Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables (HSSD) contains the technical specifications for hydrographic survey data submitted to the Office of Coast Survey. It represents NOAA's implementation of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) standards for hydrographic survey and product specifications.

The HSSD is available in PDF format, via online viewer and as a portable HTML (download file, unzip, and double-click index.htm). 

Please note that the HSSD is updated as needed. A new version is put out each calendar year but small updates can occur throughout the year.</gco:CharacterString>
                              </gmd:description>
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                                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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                        </gmd:CI_Contact>
                      </gmd:contactInfo>
                      <gmd:role>
                        <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="publisher">publisher</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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                      <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="sourceExtent-1476009">
                          <gml:beginPosition>1967</gml:beginPosition>
                          <gml:endPosition indeterminatePosition="now" />
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        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
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