noaa-forcing-36777 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-04-01 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Paleo-pCO2 Database: Early Miocene CO2 reconstructions of Inner Mongolia 2022-08-30 publication doi:10.25921/m14z-5f10 noaa-forcing-36777 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Liang, J.Q.L. originator Liang, J.Q.L. author Leng, Q.L. originator Leng, Q.L. author Liang, X.L. originator Liang, X.L. author Hofig, D.H. originator Hofig, D.H. author Royer, D. originator Royer, D. author Zhang, Y.G. originator Zhang, Y.G. author Yang, H. originator Yang, H. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Forcing. The data include parameters of climate forcing|plant macrofossils with a geographic location of Mongolia, Eastern Asia. The time period coverage is from 21090000 to 21090000 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of changes in solar irradiance, volcanic aerosols, atmospheric trace gases, and other properties thought to influence climate in the past. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-forcing.png Paleoclimatology - Climate Forcing PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Forcing theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing|plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing|plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing|plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing|plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing|plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing|plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing > carbon dioxide theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Atmospheric Gas Reconstruction carbon cycle theme What: age; Material: null What: stomatal density; Material: null What: delta 13C; Material: null What: stomatal density; Material: null What: guard cell length; Material: null What: stomatal index; Material: null What: guard cell width; Material: null What: carbon dioxide; Material: bulk atmosphere What: guard cell length; Material: null What: stomatal density; Material: null What: carbon dioxide; Material: bulk atmosphere What: stomatal density; Material: null What: guard cell length; Material: null What: guard cell width; Material: null What: age; Material: null What: age; Material: null What: guard cell length; Material: null What: guard cell width; Material: null What: delta 13C; Material: null What: guard cell width; Material: null What: carbon dioxide; Material: bulk atmosphere What: stomatal index; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Continent > Asia > Eastern Asia > Mongolia > Hannuoba Formation > LATITUDE 40.7619 > LONGITUDE 112.8392 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Liang, J.Q.L.; Leng, Q.L.; Liang, X.L.; Hofig, D.H.; Royer, D.; Zhang, Y.G.; Yang, H. (2022-08-30): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Paleo-pCO2 Database: Early Miocene CO2 reconstructions of Inner Mongolia. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/m14z-5f10. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Early Miocene redwood fossils from Inner Mongolia: CO2 reconstructions and paleoclimate effects of a low Mongolian plateau 2022 publication Liang, J., Leng, Q., Xiao, L., Höfig, D. F., Royer, D. L., Zhang, Y. G., and Yang, H. author Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology publisher https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104743 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2022 Liang, J., Leng, Q., Xiao, L., Höfig, D. F., Royer, D. L., Zhang, Y. G., and Yang, H., 2022: Early Miocene redwood fossils from Inner Mongolia: CO2 reconstructions and paleoclimate effects of a low Mongolian plateau. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 305, 10473, 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104743 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 21090000 cal yr BP to 21090000 cal yr BP; 112.8392 112.8392 40.7619 40.7619 Study Coordinates 40.7619 112.8392 -21088050 -21088050 ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: The early Miocene (~16–23 Ma) marks a critical transition in the Earth climate history from an Oligocene (~23–34 Ma) cooling trend towards the well-documented warm middle Miocene Climate Optimum at ~15 Ma. In eastern Asia, this transition links changes of key topographic features, such as the Tibetan plateau and the Mongolian plateau, and their impact on the reorganization of climate systems, such as the Eastern Asian summer monsoon. Yet the dynamics of the interplay among these factors remain poorly understood, precluding our understanding of future climate changes. Global temperatures during the early Miocene were warmer than the present day by 3–4 °C, which are seemingly incompatible with both the low (<300 ppm) and high (>800 ppm) ends of presently available reconstructions of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Here we report a rare co-occurrence of two redwoods, Metasequoia and Sequoia, from sediments of the early Miocene Hannuoba Formation in Zhuozi County in China’s Inner Mongolia at the southeastern margin of the current Mongolian plateau. The Zhuozi Metasequoia fossils possess uneven type cuticles, which dominate its living population but have rarely been reported throughout the abundant fossil record of this genus. By applying well constrained Franks model parameters obtained from these redwood fossils using a cleared leaf epidermis method, we estimated the early Miocene CO2 level at ~400 ppm, putting it at the lower end of the model requirement for sustaining a relatively warm global temperature during this period. Our Franks model estimates are ~100 ppm higher than that obtained using stomatal index method based on Metasequoia material, further confirming a systematic underestimation of ancient CO2 using the Metasequoia stomatal index method reported in previous analyses. We recommend a re-examination of previous CO2 reconstructions solely based upon Metasequoia’s inverse relationship between stomatal index and CO2 concentrations. Ultimately, the occurrence of these redwood fossils in Inner Mongolia is consistent with a weak or muted Eastern Asian summer monsoon in the region with the absence of an elevated Mongolian plateau during the early Miocene. A shift of moisture sources for the region accompanying the change from a Westerlies-dominated climate to the present-day monsoon dominated climate system occurred after the early Miocene time. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/m14z-5f10 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/36777 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-forcing HTTPS Information NCEI Forcing Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/stomata-si_liang_2022b.xlsx HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/stomata-si_liang_2022b.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/stomata-franks_liang_2022b.xlsx HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/stomata-franks_liang_2022b.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21