noaa-model-18776 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-04-24 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Genesis v.3 Late Cretaceous Climate Simulations 2015-06-12 publication doi:10.25921/rb9m-ph74 noaa-model-18776 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Poulsen, C.J. originator Poulsen, C.J. author Tabor, C. originator Tabor, C. author White, J.D. originator White, J.D. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Paleoclimatology Modeling. The data include parameters of paleoclimatic modeling with a geographic location of Global. The time period coverage is from 100000000 to 94000000 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Computer simulations of past climate. Variables provided as model output are described by parameter keyword. In some cases the parameter keywords are a subset of all archived model output, and additional output is available upon request. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-model.png Paleoclimatology - Modeling PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > model > atmosphere model theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian What: vertical pressure velocity; Material: null What: sensible heat flux; Material: null What: surface net downward radiation; Material: null What: surface downwelling shortwave radiation; Material: null What: soil moisture; Material: null What: rainfall; Material: null What: surface pressure; Material: null What: geopotential height; Material: null What: cloud cover; Material: null What: cloud cover; Material: null What: cloud cover; Material: null What: cloud cover; Material: null What: convective precipitation; Material: null What: surface net downward shortwave radiation; Material: null What: surface downwelling shortwave radiation; Material: null What: surface net upward clear-sky longwave radiation; Material: null What: air temperature; Material: null What: snow depth; Material: null What: sea ice cover; Material: null What: sea ice x velocity; Material: null What: sea water salinity; Material: null What: air temperature; Material: null What: eastward wind speed; Material: null What: cloud cover; Material: null What: insolation; Material: null What: top-of-atmosphere net downward clear-sky shortwave radiation; Material: null What: top-of-atmosphere outgoing clear-sky longwave radiation; Material: null What: atmospheric boundary layer thickness; Material: null What: relative humidity; Material: null What: soil moisture; Material: null What: surface downward y stress; Material: null What: sea water x velocity; Material: null What: surface net upward longwave radiation; Material: null What: surface net downward shortwave radiation; Material: null What: surface net downward clear-sky shortwave radiation; Material: null What: soil moisture; Material: null What: sea ice y velocity; Material: null What: surface type; Material: null What: collection elevation; Material: null What: geopotential height; Material: null What: specific humidity; Material: null What: latent heat flux; Material: null What: wind speed; Material: null What: rainfall; Material: null What: soil moisture; Material: null What: soil moisture; Material: null What: snow cover; Material: null What: subsurface runoff; Material: null What: relative humidity; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: latitude; Material: null What: sea level pressure; Material: null What: large-scale precipitation; Material: null What: top-of-atmosphere net downward shortwave radiation; Material: null What: cloud liquid water content; Material: null What: cloud liquid water content; Material: null What: surface temperature; Material: null What: sea ice thickness; Material: null What: transpiration; Material: null What: northward wind speed; Material: null What: surface net downward shortwave radiation; Material: null What: atmospheric boundary layer thickness; Material: null What: surface type; Material: null What: soil moisture; Material: null What: surface runoff; Material: null What: sea water temperature; Material: null What: precipitation minus evapotranspiration; Material: null What: longitude; Material: null What: top-of-atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation; Material: null What: surface net downward longwave radiation; Material: null What: snowfall; Material: null What: surface downward x stress; Material: null What: snowfall; Material: null What: sea water y velocity; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Geographic Region > Global > Global > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Poulsen, C.J.; Tabor, C.; White, J.D. (2015-06-12): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Genesis v.3 Late Cretaceous Climate Simulations. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/rb9m-ph74. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Long-term climate forcing by atmospheric oxygen concentrations 2015 publication Christopher J. Poulsen, Clay Tabor, and Joseph D. White author Science publisher https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260670 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2015 Christopher J. Poulsen, Clay Tabor, and Joseph D. White, 2015: Long-term climate forcing by atmospheric oxygen concentrations. Science, 348, 1238-1241, 10.1126/science.1260670 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 100000000 cal yr BP to 94000000 cal yr BP; -180 180 -90 90 -99998050 -93998050 STUDY NOTES: Climate Simulations using the Genesis v.3 model for Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous, ~94-100 million years before present). Climate model output netCDF filenames and boundary conditions are as follows: Simulation Age CO2 O2 CH4 N2O Luminosity Obliquity Eccentricity Years 2CO2_10O.041-060.nc Cenomanian 1120 10 741 325 1354 23.5 0 41-60 2CO2_21O.041-060.nc Cenomanian 1120 21 650 285 1354 23.5 0 41-60 2CO2_35O.041-060.nc Cenomanian 1120 35 535 234 1354 23.5 0 41-60 2CO2_10O.041-060LSX.nc Cenomanian 1120 10 741 325 1354 23.5 0 41-60 2CO2_21O.041-060LSX.nc Cenomanian 1120 21 650 285 1354 23.5 0 41-60 2CO2_35O.041-060LSX.nc Cenomanian 1120 35 535 234 1354 23.5 0 41-60 Note: Each netcdf file contains 20-yr means of monthly average atmospheric or land surface (LSX) parameters. ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: The percentage of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere varied between 10% and 35% throughout the Phanerozoic. These changes have been linked to the evolution, radiation, and size of animals but have not been considered to affect climate. We conducted simulations showing that modulation of the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), as a result of its contribution to atmospheric mass and density, influences the optical depth of the atmosphere. Under low pO2 and a reduced-density atmosphere, shortwave scattering by air molecules and clouds is less frequent, leading to a substantial increase in surface shortwave forcing. Through feedbacks involving latent heat fluxes to the atmosphere and marine stratus clouds, surface shortwave forcing drives increases in atmospheric water vapor and global precipitation, enhances greenhouse forcing, and raises global surface temperature. Our results implicate pO2 as an important factor in climate forcing throughout geologic time. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/rb9m-ph74 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/18776 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoclimatology-modeling HTTPS Information NCEI Paleoclimatology Modeling Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/poulsen2015/ HTTPS Download /gcmoutput/poulsen2015/ Data Folder download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21