gov.noaa.nodc:0293257 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-31T13:19:25Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2024 (SOCATv2024) (NCEI Accession 0293257) 2024-05-31 publication 2025-06-25 revision 2024-05-28 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/9wpn-th28 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0293257 NCEI Archive Management System 0293257 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Kevin M. O'Brien University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) kevin.m.o'brien@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Dorothee Bakker University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences D.Bakker@uea.ac.uk principalInvestigator Simone R. Alin NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) simone.r.alin@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Nicholas Bates Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) Nick.Bates@bios.edu http://www.bios.edu HTTP Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Meike Becker Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research mbecker@geomar.de https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Thanos Gkritzalis Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) thanosg@vliz.be http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Steve D. 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Voynova Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht collaborator Wilhelm Petersen Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht collaborator Wiley Evans Hakai Institute wiley.evans@hakai.org https://hakai.org/ HTTPS Hakai Institute website Institution web page information collaborator Vlad Alexandru Macovei Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon vlad.macovei@hereon.de collaborator Vanessa Cardin National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS) http://ogs.trieste.it/en/content/institute HTTP National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS) website Institution web page information collaborator Uwe Send Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) usend@ucsd.edu https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information collaborator Tsuneo Ono JFRA, Fisheries Resource Institute (FRI) ono_tsuneo65@fra.go.jp collaborator Todd Martz Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) trmartz@ucsd.edu https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information collaborator Susan Hartman National Oceanography Centre (NOC) s.hartman@noc.ac.uk https://noc.ac.uk/ HTTPS National Oceanography Centre (NOC) website Institution web page information collaborator Steven Emerson University of Washington (UW) collaborator Stephan Howden University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Marine Science stephan.howden@usm.edu https://www.usm.edu/marine HTTPS University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Marine Science website Institution web page information collaborator Stacy Maenner Jones NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) stacy.maenner@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information collaborator Siyabulela Hamnca Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observatory, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research shamnca@csir.co.za collaborator Ryan J. 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Ohman Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) mohman@ucsd.edu https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information collaborator Margot Cronin Marine Institute Ireland (MI) https://www.marine.ie/ HTTPS Marine Institute Ireland (MI) website Institution web page information collaborator Maciej Telszewski International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences collaborator Léa Olivier Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) lea.olivier@awi.de https://www.awi.de/ HTTPS Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) website Institution web page information collaborator Lisandro A. 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Currie National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited (NIWA) kim.currie@niwa.co.nz http://www.niwa.cri.nz HTTP National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited (NIWA) website Institution web page information collaborator Kevin F. 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Morell University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Department of Marine Sciences julio.morell@upr.edu collaborator John Prytherch Stockholm University collaborator John Akl Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) collaborator Jessica Cross NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) jessica.cross@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information collaborator Jae-Hoon Noh Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) http://www.kiost.ac.kr/eng.do HTTP Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) website Institution web page information collaborator Juana Magdalena Santana Casiano Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria collaborator Ingunn Skjelvan NORCE Norwegian Research Centre insk@norceresearch.no https://www.norceresearch.no/en/ HTTPS NORCE Norwegian Research Centre website Institution web page information collaborator Hongjie Wang Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi (TAMU-CC) hwangde@udel.edu https://www.tamucc.edu/ HTTPS Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi (TAMU-CC) website Institution web page information collaborator Henry Bittig Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) henry.bittig@io-warnemuende.de https://www.io-warnemuende.de/ HTTPS Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) website Institution web page information collaborator Hannelore Theetaert Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) hannelore.theetaert@vliz.be http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information collaborator Gregor Rehder Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) https://www.io-warnemuende.de/ HTTPS Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) website Institution web page information collaborator Eugene F. Burger NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) eugene.burger@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information collaborator Erik van Ooijen Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) collaborator Douglas Vandemark University of New Hampshire (UNH) doug.vandemark@unh.edu collaborator Dana Manalang Applied Physics Laboratory, College of the Environment, University of Washington collaborator Craig Neill Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) collaborator Cory M. Beatty University of Montana (UMT) Cory.Beatty@umontana.edu collaborator Claire Lo Monaco Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Claire.LoMonaco@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information collaborator Carla F. Berghoff Argentina National Institute for Fishery Research and Development (INIDEP) cberghoff@inidep.edu.ar https://www.argentina.gob.ar/inidep HTTPS Argentina National Institute for Fishery Research and Development (INIDEP) website Institution web page information collaborator Calvin Mordy University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information collaborator Baxolele Mdokwana Oceans and Coastal Research, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE) collaborator Arne Körtzinger GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) akoertzinger@geomar.de http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information collaborator Anna Rutgersson Uppsala University http://www.uu.se/en HTTP Uppsala University website Institution web page information collaborator Anita Flohr National Oceanography Centre (NOC) https://noc.ac.uk/ HTTPS National Oceanography Centre (NOC) website Institution web page information collaborator Andrew Collins University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) andrew.collins@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) website Institution web page information collaborator Albert Plueddemann Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) aplueddemann@whoi.edu http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information collaborator Akihiko Murata Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC) https://www.jamstec.go.jp/rigc/ HTTPS Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC) website Institution web page information collaborator Bakker, Dorothee C. E. University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences author Alin, Simone R. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Bates, Nicholas Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences http://www.bios.edu HTTP Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) website Institution web page information author Becker, Meike Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author Gkritzalis, Thanos Flanders Marine Institute http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information author Jones, Steve D. Flanders Marine Institute http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information author Kozyr, Alex Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information author Lauvset, Siv K. NORCE Norwegian Research Centre https://www.norceresearch.no/en/ HTTPS NORCE Norwegian Research Centre website Institution web page information author Metzl, Nicolas Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information author Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro National Institute for Environmental Studies author O'Brien, Kevin M. University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies, under grant from NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information author Olsen, Are Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author Pierrot, Denis NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information author Steinhoff, Tobias GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Sutton, Adrienne J. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Takao, Shintaro National Institute for Environmental Studies author Tilbrook, Bronte Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization author Wada, Chisato National Institute for Environmental Studies wada.chisato@nies.go.jp author Wanninkhof, Rik NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information author Akl, John Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization author Arbilla, Lisandro A. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA), Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, Buenos Aires, Argentina author Arruda, Ricardo Dalhousie University https://www.dal.ca/ HTTPS Dalhousie University website Institution web page information author Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko Bedford Institute of Oceanography author Barbero, Leticia Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information author Beatty, Cory M. University of Montana Cory.Beatty@umontana.edu author Berghoff, Carla F. Argentina National Institute for Fishery Research and Development cberghoff@inidep.edu.ar https://www.argentina.gob.ar/inidep HTTPS Argentina National Institute for Fishery Research and Development (INIDEP) website Institution web page information author Bittig, Henry C. Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde https://www.io-warnemuende.de/ HTTPS Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) website Institution web page information author Burger, Eugene F. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Campbell, Katie Hakai Institute https://hakai.org/ HTTPS Hakai Institute website Institution web page information author Cardin, Vanessa National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics http://ogs.trieste.it/en/content/institute HTTP National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS) website Institution web page information author Collins, Andrew University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean andrew.collins@noaa.gov https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) website Institution web page information author Coppola, Laurent Oceanographic Observatory of Villefranche-sur-Mer http://oov.obs-vlfr.fr/ HTTP Oceanographic Observatory of Villefranche-sur-Mer (OOV) website Institution web page information author Cronin, Margot Marine Institute Ireland https://www.marine.ie/ HTTPS Marine Institute Ireland (MI) website Institution web page information author Cross, Jessica N. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Currie, Kim I. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited kim.currie@niwa.co.nz http://www.niwa.cri.nz HTTP National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited (NIWA) website Institution web page information author Emerson, Steven R. University of Washington author Enright, Matt P. Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences http://www.bios.edu HTTP Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) website Institution web page information author Enyo, Kazutaka Japan Meteorological Agency seadata@met.kishou.go.jp author Evans, Wiley Hakai Institute https://hakai.org/ HTTPS Hakai Institute website Institution web page information author Feely, Richard A. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Flohr, Anita National Oceanography Centre https://noc.ac.uk/ HTTPS National Oceanography Centre (NOC) website Institution web page information author Gehrung, Martina Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon author Glockzin, Michael Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde https://www.io-warnemuende.de/ HTTPS Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) website Institution web page information author González-Dávila, Melchor Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria https://www.ulpgc.es/ HTTPS Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) website Institution web page information author Hamnca, Siyabulela Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observatory, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research shamnca@csir.co.za author Hartman, Susan E. National Oceanography Centre https://noc.ac.uk/ HTTPS National Oceanography Centre (NOC) website Institution web page information author Howden, Stephan D. University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Marine Science https://www.usm.edu/marine HTTPS University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Marine Science website Institution web page information author Kam, Kitty Dalhousie University https://www.dal.ca/ HTTPS Dalhousie University website Institution web page information author Kamb, Linus NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Körtzinger, Arne GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Kosugi, Naohiro Meteorological Research Institute Japan author Lefèvre, Nathalie Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information author Lo Monaco, Claire Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information author Macovei, Vlad A. Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon author Maenner Jones, Stacy NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory stacy.maenner@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Manalang, Dana Applied Physics Laboratory, College of the Environment, University of Washington author Martz, Todd R. Scripps Institution of Oceanography https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information author Mdokwana, Baxolele Oceans and Coastal Research, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE) author Monacci, Natalie M. University of Alaska Fairbanks https://www.uaf.edu/ HTTPS University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) website Institution web page information author Monteiro, Pedro M. S. Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observatory, CSIR author Mordy, Calvin University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies, under grant from NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information author Morell, Julio M. University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Department of Marine Sciences julio.morell@upr.edu author Murata, Akihiko Research Institute for Global Change https://www.jamstec.go.jp/rigc/ HTTPS Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC) website Institution web page information author Neill, Craig Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization author Noh, Jae-Hoon Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology http://www.kiost.ac.kr/eng.do HTTP Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) website Institution web page information author Nojiri, Yukihiro National Institute for Environmental Studies author Ohman, Mark D. Scripps Institution of Oceanography https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information author Olivier, Léa Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research https://www.awi.de/ HTTPS Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) website Institution web page information author Ono, Tsuneo JFRA, Fisheries Resource Institute author Petersen, Wilhelm Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht author Plueddemann, Albert J. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Prytherch, John Stockholm University author Rehder, Gregor Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde https://www.io-warnemuende.de/ HTTPS Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) website Institution web page information author Rutgersson, Anna Uppsala University http://www.uu.se/en HTTP Uppsala University website Institution web page information author Santana-Casiano, J. Magdalena Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria author Schlitzer, Reiner Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) author Send, Uwe Scripps Institution of Oceanography https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information author Skjelvan, Ingunn NORCE Norwegian Research Centre https://www.norceresearch.no/en/ HTTPS NORCE Norwegian Research Centre website Institution web page information author Sullivan, Kevin F. Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies Kevin.Sullivan@noaa.gov https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information author T'Jampens, Michiel Flanders Marine Institute http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information author Tadokoro, Kazuaki Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency https://tnfri.fra.affrc.go.jp/eindex.html HTTPS Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency website Institution web page information author Telszewski, Maciej International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences author Theetaert, Hannelore Flanders Marine Institute http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information author Tsanwani, Mutshutshu South Africa Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment https://www.dffe.gov.za/ HTTPS South Africa Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE) website Institution web page information author Vandemark, Douglas University of New Hampshire doug.vandemark@unh.edu author van Ooijen, Erik Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization author Veccia, Martín H. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo Victoria Ocampo N°1, B7602HSA, Mar del Plata, Argentina author Voynova, Yoana G. Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht author Wang, Hongjie Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi https://www.tamucc.edu/ HTTPS Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi (TAMU-CC) website Institution web page information author Weller, Robert A. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution http://www.whoi.edu HTTP Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) website Institution web page information author Woosley, Ryan J. Massachusetts Institute of Technology http://www.mit.edu/ HTTP Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) website Institution web page information author Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information contributor GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information contributor Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information contributor Sorbonne University (SU) http://www.sorbonne-universite.fr/en HTTP Sorbonne University (SU) website Institution web page information contributor NORCE Norwegian Research Centre https://www.norceresearch.no/en/ HTTPS NORCE Norwegian Research Centre website Institution web page information contributor NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information contributor Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) http://www.bios.edu HTTP Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) website Institution web page information contributor National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) contributor University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) http://www.uib.no/gfi HTTP University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) website Institution web page information contributor University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences contributor NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital The ocean absorbs one quarter of the global CO2 emissions from human activity. The community-led Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (www.socat.info) is key for the quantification of ocean CO2 uptake and its variation, now and in the future. SOCAT version 2024 has quality-controlled in situ surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of CO2) measurements on ships, moorings, sailing yachts, autonomous and drifting surface platforms for the global oceans and coastal seas from 1957 to 2023. The main synthesis and gridded products contain fCO2 values with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 μatm. Sensor fCO2 data with an estimated accuracy of better than 10 μatm are separately available. During quality control, marine scientists assign a flag to each data set, as well as WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2 values. Data sets are assigned flags of A and B for an estimated accuracy of better than 2 μatm, flags of C and D for an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a flag of E for an accuracy of better than 10 μatm. Bakker et al. (2016) describe the quality control criteria used in SOCAT versions 3 to 2024. Quality control comments for individual data sets can be accessed via the SOCAT Data Set Viewer (www.socat.info). All data sets, where data quality has been deemed acceptable, have been made public. The main SOCAT synthesis files and the gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Access to data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 10 µatm (flag of E) and fCO2 values with flags of 3 and 4 is via additional data products and the Data Set Viewer (Table 8 in Bakker et al., 2016). SOCAT publishes a global gridded product with a 1° longitude by 1° latitude resolution without gap filling. A second product with a higher resolution of 0.25° longitude by 0.25° latitude is available for the coastal seas. The gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Gridded products are available monthly, per year and per decade. Two powerful, interactive, online viewers, the Data Set Viewer and the Gridded Data Viewer (www.socat.info), enable investigation of the SOCAT synthesis and gridded data products. SOCAT data products can be downloaded. Matlab code is available for reading these files. Ocean Data View also provides access to the SOCAT data products (www.socat.info). SOCAT data products are discoverable, accessible and citable. The SOCAT Data Use Statement (www.socat.info) asks users to generously acknowledge the contribution of SOCAT scientists by invitation to co-authorship, especially for data providers in regional studies, and/or reference to relevant scientific articles. The SOCAT website (www.socat.info) provides a single access point for online viewers, downloadable data sets, the Data Use Statement, a list of contributors and an overview of scientific publications on and using SOCAT. Automation of data upload and initial data checks allows annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onward. SOCAT is used for quantification of ocean CO2 uptake and ocean acidification and for evaluation of climate models and sensor data. SOCAT products inform the annual Global Carbon Budget since 2013. The annual SOCAT releases by the SOCAT scientific community are a Voluntary Commitment for United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14.3 (Reduce Ocean Acidification) (#OceanAction20464). More broadly the SOCAT releases contribute to UN SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and to the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific publications and high-impact reports cite SOCAT. The SOCAT community-led synthesis product is a key step in the value chain based on in situ inorganic carbon measurements of the oceans, which provides policy makers with critical information on ocean CO2 uptake in climate negotiations. The need for accurate knowledge of global ocean CO2 uptake and its (future) variation makes sustained funding of in situ surface ocean CO2 observations and their synthesis imperative. To provide the synthesis and gridded, quality controlled, observational products of surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) for the global oceans and coastal seas Funding Information: Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division of NOAA's Climate Program Office, EU, NSF, Japan Climate Research Programs (Surface Water pCO2 measurements from ships; High-Resolution Ocean and Atmosphere pCO2 Time-Series Measurements) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded NCEI Accession 0293257 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0293257 Preview graphic PNG 0293257 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2024-05-27 publication BAROMETRIC PRESSURE Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water SALINITY - SURFACE WATER WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS barometric pressure sensor bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer showerhead equilibrator temperature sensor thermosalinograph instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS surface underway time series theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences Flanders Marine Institute GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques National Institute for Environmental Studies NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory NORCE Norwegian Research Centre Sorbonne University University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Ship of Opportunity Programme (SOOP) Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Arctic Ocean Indian Ocean North Atlantic Ocean North Pacific Ocean South Atlantic Ocean South Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication BE/VLIZ > Flanders Marine Institute, Belgium DE/GEOMAR > GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany DOC/NOAA/OAR/AOML > Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/OAR/PMEL > Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce JP/NIES > National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan U-BERGEN/GEOPH > Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords Coastal Carbon Project Moorings and Time Series project SOOP project Reference Section ID Coastal Carbon Project Moorings and Time Series Project Ship Of Opportunity Program (SOOP) project Research Projects EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS > ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS > SURFACE SALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Data synthesis product Surface measurement theme OCADS Study Type SOCAT SOCATv2024 Data Synthesis Product SOCATv2024 database SOCATv2024 gridded data product theme Provider Keywords ATM_PPRE EQ_PRE EQ_TMP SSS SST fCO2 theme Provider Variable Abbreviations BAROMETERS > BAROMETERS CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS EQUILIBRATORS TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE SENSORS THERMOSALINOGRAPHS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Alin, Simone R.; Bates, Nicholas; Becker, Meike; Gkritzalis, Thanos; Jones, Steve D.; Kozyr, Alex; Lauvset, Siv K.; Metzl, Nicolas; Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro; O'Brien, Kevin M.; Olsen, Are; Pierrot, Denis; Steinhoff, Tobias; Sutton, Adrienne J.; Takao, Shintaro; Tilbrook, Bronte; Wada, Chisato; Wanninkhof, Rik; Akl, John; Arbilla, Lisandro A.; Arruda, Ricardo; Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko; Barbero, Leticia; Beatty, Cory M.; Berghoff, Carla F.; Bittig, Henry C.; Burger, Eugene F.; Campbell, Katie; Cardin, Vanessa; Collins, Andrew; Coppola, Laurent; Cronin, Margot; Cross, Jessica N.; Currie, Kim I.; Emerson, Steven R.; Enright, Matt P.; Enyo, Kazutaka; Evans, Wiley; Feely, Richard A.; Flohr, Anita; Gehrung, Martina; Glockzin, Michael; González-Dávila, Melchor; Hamnca, Siyabulela; Hartman, Susan E.; Howden, Stephan D.; Kam, Kitty; Kamb, Linus; Körtzinger, Arne; Kosugi, Naohiro; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Lo Monaco, Claire; Macovei, Vlad A.; Maenner Jones, Stacy; Manalang, Dana; Martz, Todd R.; Mdokwana, Baxolele; Monacci, Natalie M.; Monteiro, Pedro M. S.; Mordy, Calvin; Morell, Julio M.; Murata, Akihiko; Neill, Craig; Noh, Jae-Hoon; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Ohman, Mark D.; Olivier, Léa; Ono, Tsuneo; Petersen, Wilhelm; Plueddemann, Albert J.; Prytherch, John; Rehder, Gregor; Rutgersson, Anna; Santana-Casiano, J. Magdalena; Schlitzer, Reiner; Send, Uwe; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Sullivan, Kevin F.; T'Jampens, Michiel; Tadokoro, Kazuaki; Telszewski, Maciej; Theetaert, Hannelore; Tsanwani, Mutshutshu; Vandemark, Douglas; van Ooijen, Erik; Veccia, Martín H.; Voynova, Yoana G.; Wang, Hongjie; Weller, Robert A.; Woosley, Ryan J. (2024). Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2024 (SOCATv2024) (NCEI Accession 0293257). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/9wpn-th28. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license This dataset is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. SPDX License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Landa, C. S., Metzl, N., O’Brien, K. M., Olsen, A., Smith, K., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Jones, S. D., Nakaoka, S.-i., Nojiri, Y., Schuster, U., Steinhoff, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Wanninkhof, R., et al. (2016). A multi-decade record of high-quality f CO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT). Earth System Science Data, 8(2), 383–413. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016 2016-09-15 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016 related journal article information Bakker, Dorothee C. E. University of East Anglia author Pfeil, Benjamin author Landa, Camilla S. author Metzl, Nicolas author O'Brien, Kevin M. author Olsen, Are University of Bergen author Smith, Karl author Cosca, Cathy author Harasawa, Sumiko author Jones, Stephen D. VLIZ author Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro National Institute for Environmental Studies author Nojiri, Yukihiro author Schuster, Ute author Steinhoff, Tobias GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Sweeney, Colm NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) website Institution web page information author Takahashi, Taro author Tilbrook, Bronte CSIRO author Wada, Chisato author Wanninkhof, Rik author Alin, Simone R. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration author Balestrini, Carlos F. author Barbero, Leticia University of Miami http://www.miami.edu/ HTTP University of Miami (UM) website Institution web page information author Bates, Nicholas R. author Bianchi, Alejandro A. author Bonou, Frédéric author Boutin, Jacqueline CNRS Délégation Paris B https://www.cnrs.fr/ HTTPS French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) website Institution web page information author Bozec, Yann author Burger, Eugene F. author Cai, Wei-Jun University of Delaware http://www.udel.edu/ HTTP University of Delaware website Institution web page information author Castle, Robert D. author Chen, Liqi author Chierici, Melissa author Currie, Kim author Evans, Wiley author Featherstone, Charles author Feely, Richard A. author Fransson, Agneta author Goyet, Catherine author Greenwood, Naomi Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science https://www.cefas.co.uk/ HTTPS Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) website Institution web page information author Gregor, Luke Swiss Data Science Center author Hankin, Steven author Hardman-Mountford, Nick J. author Harlay, Jérôme author Hauck, Judith Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung https://www.awi.de/ HTTPS Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) website Institution web page information author Hoppema, Mario Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research https://www.awi.de/ HTTPS Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) website Institution web page information author Humphreys, Matthew P. Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research http://www.nioz.nl/ HTTP Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) website Institution web page information author Hunt, Christopher W. author Huss, Betty author Ibánhez, J. Severino P. author Johannessen, Truls University of Bergen author Keeling, Ralph University of California, San Diego author Kitidis, Vassilis author Körtzinger, Arne GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Kozyr, Alex author Krasakopoulou, Evangelia author Kuwata, Akira author Landschützer, Peter Flanders Marine Institute author Lauvset, Siv K. author Lefèvre, Nathalie author Lo Monaco, Claire author Manke, Ansley author Mathis, Jeremy T. author Merlivat, Liliane author Millero, Frank J. author Monteiro, Pedro M. S. author Munro, David R. University of Colorado Boulder https://www.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder website Institution web page information author Murata, Akihiko author Newberger, Timothy author Omar, Abdirahman M. author Ono, Tsuneo Fisheries Resources Institute / Fisheries Research Agency author Paterson, Kristina author Pearce, David author Pierrot, Denis Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory author Robbins, Lisa L. author Saito, Shu author Salisbury, Joe author Schlitzer, Reiner author Schneider, Bernd author Schweitzer, Roland author Sieger, Rainer Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung https://www.awi.de/ HTTPS Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) website Institution web page information author Skjelvan, Ingunn author Sullivan, Kevin F. author Sutherland, Stewart C. author Sutton, Adrienne J. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory author Tadokoro, Kazuaki author Telszewski, Maciej author Tuma, Matthias author van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar und Meeresforschung https://www.awi.de/ HTTPS Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) website Institution web page information author Vandemark, Doug author Ward, Brian author Watson, Andrew J. University of Exeter http://www.exeter.ac.uk/ HTTP University of Exeter website Institution web page information author Xu, Suqing author Copernicus GmbH publisher documentDigital Earth Syst. Sci. Data 8(2) ISSN 1866-3516, pp. 383-413 crossReference project SOCAT publication https://www.socat.info/ HTTPS https://www.socat.info/ Related resource information documentDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program SOCATv2025 ODV collection publication https://odv.awi.de/data/ocean/socat-fco2-data/ HTTPS https://odv.awi.de/data/ocean/socat-fco2-data/ Related resource information documentDigital crossReference project SOCATv2025 ODV collection online via webODV publication https://explore.webodv.awi.de/ocean/carbon/socat/ HTTPS https://explore.webodv.awi.de/ocean/carbon/socat/ Related resource information documentDigital crossReference project Ships Of Opportunity Program (SOOP) Data 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/ HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/ Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project GlobaL CO2 Time-Series and Moorings Project 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/time_series_moorings.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/time_series_moorings.html Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) Data 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/ASV/ HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/ASV/ Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project Pfeil, Benjamin; Olsen, Are; Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Hankin, Steve; Koyuk, Heather; Kozyr, Alex; Malczyk, Jeremy; Manke, Ansley B.; Metzl, Nicolas; Sabine, Christopher L.; Akl, John; Alin, Simone R.; Bates, Nicholas; Bellerby, Richard G. J.; Borges, Alberto; Boutin, Jacqueline; Brown, Peter J.; Chavez, Francisco P.; Chen, Chen-Tung A.; Cosca, Catherine E.; Fassbender, Andrea J.; Feely, Richard A.; Goyet, Catherine; Hales, Burke; Hardman-Mountford, Nick; Heinze, Christoph; Hood, Maria; Hoppema, Mario; Hunt, Christopher W.; Hydes, David; Ishii, Masao; Johannessen, Truls; Jones, Steve D.; Key, Robert M.; Lauvset, Siv K.; Lenton, Andrew; Lourantou, Anna; Merlivat, Liliane; Midorikawa, Takashi; Mintrop, Ludger J.; Miyazaki, Chihiro; Murata, Akihiko; Nakadate, Akira; Nakano, Yoshiyuki; Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Omar, Abdirahman M.; Padín, Xose A.; Paterson, Kristina; Pierrot, Denis; Poisson, Alain; Santana-Casiano, J. Magdalena; Salisbury, Joseph E.; Sarma, Vedula V. S. S.; Schlitzer, Reiner; Schneider, Bernd; Schuster, Ute; Sieger, Rainer; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Steinhoff, Tobias; Suzuki, Toru; Takahashi, Taro; Tedesco, Kathy; Telszewski, Maciej; Thomas, Helmuth; Tilbrook, Bronte; Tjiputra, Jerry; Vandemark, Douglas; Veness, Tony; Wanninkhof, Rik; Watson, Andrew J.; Weiss, Ray F.; Wong, C. S.; Yoshikawa-Inoue, Hisayuki (2013). Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 1.5 (SOCATv1.5) (NCEI Accession 0101726). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/ga9e-1p10. 2013-01-31 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25921/ga9e-1p10 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0101726 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0101726.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0101726.html Related dataset information Pfeil, Benjamin University of Bergen author Olsen, Are University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute author Bakker, Dorothee C. E. University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences https://www.uea.ac.uk/ HTTPS University of East Anglia (UEA) website Institution web page information author Hankin, Steve NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Koyuk, Heather author Kozyr, Alex Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information author Malczyk, Jeremy author Manke, Ansley B. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Metzl, Nicolas Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information author Sabine, Christopher L. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Akl, John Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization author Alin, Simone R. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Bates, Nicholas Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences http://www.bios.edu HTTP Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) website Institution web page information author Bellerby, Richard G. J. author Borges, Alberto FRS-FNRS author Boutin, Jacqueline Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information author Brown, Peter J. National Oceanography Centre https://noc.ac.uk/ HTTPS National Oceanography Centre (NOC) website Institution web page information author Chavez, Francisco P. author Chen, Chen-Tung A. Oregon State University http://oregonstate.edu/ HTTP Oregon State University (OSU) website Institution web page information author Cosca, Catherine E. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Fassbender, Andrea J. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Feely, Richard A. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Goyet, Catherine University of Perpignan Via Domita http://www.univ-perp.fr/ HTTP University of Perpignan Via Domita (UPVD) website Institution web page information author Hales, Burke Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences http://oregonstate.edu/ HTTP Oregon State University (OSU) website Institution web page information author Hardman-Mountford, Nick Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization author Heinze, Christoph author Hood, Maria author Hoppema, Mario Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) author Hunt, Christopher W. University of New Hampshire author Hydes, David author Ishii, Masao Meteorological Research Institute Japan author Johannessen, Truls Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author Jones, Steve D. University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute author Key, Robert M. Princeton University key@princeton.edu http://www.princeton.edu HTTP Princeton University website Institution web page information author Lauvset, Siv K. University of Bergen author Lenton, Andrew author Lourantou, Anna author Merlivat, Liliane Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/ HTTPS Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) website Institution web page information author Midorikawa, Takashi author Mintrop, Ludger J. University of Bremen https://www.uni-bremen.de/ HTTPS University of Bremen website Institution web page information author Miyazaki, Chihiro author Murata, Akihiko Research Institute for Global Change http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information author Nakadate, Akira Japan Meteorological Agency seadata@climar.kishou.go.jp author Nakano, Yoshiyuki author Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro National Institute for Environmental Studies author Nojiri, Yukihiro National Institute for Environmental Studies author Omar, Abdirahman M. Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research https://bjerknes.uib.no/ HTTPS Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research website Institution web page information author Padín, Xose A. Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas de Vigo https://www.iim.csic.es/ HTTPS Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas de Vigo (IIM) website Institution web page information author Paterson, Kristina Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization author Pierrot, Denis Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information author Poisson, Alain author Santana-Casiano, J. Magdalena Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria https://www.ulpgc.es/ HTTPS Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) website Institution web page information author Salisbury, Joseph E. University of New Hampshire author Sarma, Vedula V. S. S. author Schlitzer, Reiner Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research author Schneider, Bernd Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde schneider@ice.mpg.de https://www.io-warnemuende.de/ HTTPS Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) website Institution web page information author Schuster, Ute University of Exeter http://www.exeter.ac.uk/ HTTP University of Exeter website Institution web page information author Sieger, Rainer Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research https://www.awi.de/ HTTPS Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) website Institution web page information author Skjelvan, Ingunn NORCE Norwegian Research Centre https://www.norceresearch.no/en/ HTTPS NORCE Norwegian Research Centre website Institution web page information author Steinhoff, Tobias GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Suzuki, Toru Japan Hydrographic Association, Marine Information Research Center author Takahashi, Taro Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information author Tedesco, Kathy author Telszewski, Maciej International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project author Thomas, Helmuth Dalhousie University https://www.dal.ca/ HTTPS Dalhousie University website Institution web page information author Tilbrook, Bronte Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization author Tjiputra, Jerry NORCE Research AS https://www.norceresearch.no/en/ HTTPS NORCE Norwegian Research Centre website Institution web page information author Vandemark, Douglas University of New Hampshire doug.vandemark@unh.edu author Veness, Tony author Wanninkhof, Rik NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information author Watson, Andrew J. University of Exeter http://www.exeter.ac.uk/ HTTP University of Exeter website Institution web page information author Weiss, Ray F. Scripps Institution of Oceanography https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information author Wong, C. S. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences https://www.canada.ca/en/fisheries-oceans.html HTTPS Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) website Institution web page information author Yoshikawa-Inoue, Hisayuki author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference project Takahashi, Taro; Chipman, David W.; Sutherland, Stewart C. (2013). Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, water temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway and time series observationsduring the Nathaniel B. Palmer and Roger Revelle cruises in the Southern Ocean and South Pacific Ocean from 1994-11-01 to 1998-04-30 (NCEI Accession 0112324). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.takasouth_1994-1998. 2013-08-22 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.takasouth_1994-1998 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0112324 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0112324.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0112324.html Related dataset information Takahashi, Taro Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information author Chipman, David W. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information author Sutherland, Stewart C. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory suth@ldeo.columbia.edu http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference project Takahashi, Taro; Sutherland, Stewart C.; Kozyr, Alex (2009). LDEO Database (Version 2012): Global Ocean Surface Water Partial Pressure of CO2 Database: Measurements Performed During 1957-2013 (NCEI Accession 0059946). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.ndp088(v2012). 2009-12-07 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.ndp088(v2012) NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0059946 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0059946.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0059946.html Related dataset information Takahashi, Taro Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information author Sutherland, Stewart C. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory suth@ldeo.columbia.edu http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information author Kozyr, Alex Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference project eng; USA utf8 environment oceans climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -180 180 -90 90 1957-10-22 2024-01-04 In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 24752.848 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0293257.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/9wpn-th28 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/293257 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/293257 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0227/0293257/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0293257 v1.1 was published. 2024-05-31T23:05:13Z NCEI Accession 0293257 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0293257/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0293257 v1.1 published 2024-05-31T23:05:13Z download NCEI Accession 0293257 was revised and v2.2 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2024-06-06T22:50:19Z NCEI Accession 0293257 v2.2 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0293257/2.2 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0293257 v2.2 published 2024-06-06T22:50:19Z download NCEI Accession 0293257 was revised and v2.3 was published. Additional metadata files were received or created for this dataset. These updates were copied into the about/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2025-06-25T16:36:28Z NCEI Accession 0293257 v2.3 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0293257/2.3 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0293257 v2.3 published 2025-06-25T16:36:28Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: fCO2; Unit: uatm; Observation type: Surface underway; Measured or calculated: fCO2 recomputed from the raw data; Equilibrator type:; Equilibrator volume:; How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured:; SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: Accuracy: better than 5 uatm; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Researcher name: SOCAT Team Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Salinity; Abbreviation: SSS; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT team Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Temperature; Abbreviation: SST; Unit: Deg. C; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT Team Parameter or Variable: Atmospheric Pressure; Abbreviation: ATM_PPRE; Unit: DBAR; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT Team Parameter or Variable: Pressure at Equilibrator; Abbreviation: EQ_PRE; Unit: DBAR; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT Team Parameter or Variable: Water Temperature at Equilibrator; Abbreviation: EQ_TMP; Unit: Deg. C; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT Team asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian barometric pressure sensor barometric pressure sensor instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure. bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement This type of equilibrators are often used on buoys. Developed by Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, the h-shaped bubble equilibrator does not require a water pump to spray water from the top. see Takahashi 1961 for more information. carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. showerhead equilibrator showerhead equilibrator extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. temperature sensor temperature sensor A sensor used to measure temperature. thermosalinograph thermosalinograph automated sea surface temperature and salinity instrument, usually attached to the hull of a ship Thermosalinograph is an automated Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity measurement system making measurement on board a ship using a water intake. [https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/tsg/about.php 2021-01-29] VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS