noaa-model-19842 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-04-24 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Global Ocean Model Data of Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles for Pre-industrial and Last Glacial Maximum Conditions 2016-03-03 publication doi:10.25921/kjmt-e068 noaa-model-19842 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Schmittner, A. originator Schmittner, A. author Somes, C.J. originator Somes, C.J. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Paleoclimatology Modeling. The data include parameters of paleoclimatic modeling with a geographic location of Global. The time period coverage is from Unavailable begin date to Unavailable end date in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Computer simulations of past climate. Variables provided as model output are described by parameter keyword. In some cases the parameter keywords are a subset of all archived model output, and additional output is available upon request. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-model.png Paleoclimatology - Modeling PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing|paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > model > ocean model theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Last Glacial Maximum theme What: sea water temperature; Material: null What: sea water salinity; Material: null What: northward ocean heat transport; Material: null What: dissolved inorganic carbon; Material: sea water What: Delta 14C; Material: sea water What: phosphate; Material: sea water What: diazotroph; Material: sea water What: dissolved organic nitrogen; Material: sea water What: diazotroph; Material: sea water What: diazotroph; Material: sea water What: snow depth; Material: null What: upward sea water velocity; Material: null What: upward sea water velocity; Material: null What: grazing; Material: null What: nitrogen fixation; Material: null What: remineralization; Material: null What: surface air temperature; Material: null What: carbon dioxide; Material: null What: sea ice cover; Material: null What: insolation; Material: null What: salinity; Material: sea surface What: dissolved inorganic carbon; Material: sea surface What: nitrate; Material: sea surface What: soil temperature; Material: null What: soil carbon; Material: null What: biomass burning; Material: null What: dissolved inorganic carbon; Material: sea water What: zooplankton; Material: sea water What: sea water y velocity; Material: null What: specific humidity; Material: null What: evaporation; Material: null What: top-of-atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation; Material: null What: vegetation carbon; Material: null What: soil carbon; Material: null What: vegetation carbon; Material: null What: canopy height; Material: null What: sea water salinity; Material: null What: 14C; Material: sea water What: organic matter; Material: sea water What: dissolved organic carbon; Material: sea water What: streamflow; Material: null What: virtual salt flux; Material: null What: surface pressure; Material: null What: soil moisture; Material: null What: ice temperature; Material: null What: surface downward x stress; Material: null What: surface downward y stress; Material: null What: sea water potential temperature; Material: null What: sea water x velocity; Material: null What: snow volume; Material: null What: surface net downward shortwave radiation; Material: null What: top-of-atmosphere net downward shortwave radiation; Material: null What: alkalinity; Material: sea surface What: litter carbon; Material: null What: vegetation carbon; Material: null What: sea water temperature; Material: null What: nitrate; Material: sea water What: phytoplankton; Material: sea water What: phytoplankton; Material: sea water What: organic matter; Material: sea water What: meridional overturning streamfunction; Material: null What: runoff; Material: null What: sea ice y velocity; Material: null What: carbon dioxide; Material: null What: delta 13C; Material: null What: dissolved inorganic carbon; Material: sea surface What: primary productivity; Material: null What: dissolved inorganic carbon; Material: sea water What: 14C; Material: sea surface What: leaf area index; Material: null What: 13C; Material: sea water What: oxygen; Material: sea water What: organic matter; Material: sea water What: dissolved organic nitrogen; Material: sea water What: zooplankton; Material: sea water What: zooplankton; Material: sea water What: aragonite saturation state; Material: sea surface What: wind speed; Material: null What: ice sheet area; Material: null What: calcite; Material: null What: sea water x velocity; Material: null What: sea water y velocity; Material: null What: grazing; Material: null What: mortality; Material: null What: grazing; Material: null What: export; Material: null What: Delta 14C; Material: null What: primary productivity; Material: null What: primary productivity; Material: null What: primary productivity; Material: null What: phytoplankton; Material: sea water What: nitrate; Material: sea water What: meridional overturning streamfunction; Material: null What: carbonate ion; Material: sea surface What: latitude; Material: null What: sea ice cover; Material: null What: sea ice x velocity; Material: null What: barotropic streamfunction; Material: null What: excretion; Material: null What: mortality; Material: null What: denitrification; Material: null What: denitrification; Material: null What: export; Material: null What: precipitation; Material: null What: sensible heat flux; Material: null What: planetary albedo; Material: null What: phosphate; Material: sea surface What: soil respiration; Material: null What: 14C; Material: sea water What: alkalinity; Material: sea water What: relative sea level; Material: null What: snowfall; Material: null What: northward wind speed; Material: null What: sea ice thickness; Material: null What: grazing; Material: null What: mortality; Material: null What: sea ice volume; Material: null What: surface net upward longwave radiation; Material: null What: top-of-atmosphere net downward radiation; Material: null What: sea surface temperature; Material: null What: oxygen; Material: sea surface What: dissolved organic nitrogen; Material: sea surface What: dissolved organic nitrogen; Material: sea surface What: soil respiration; Material: null What: temperature tendency; Material: null What: northward ocean salt transport; Material: null What: oxygen; Material: sea water What: pH; Material: sea surface What: calcite saturation state; Material: sea surface What: carbon dioxide; Material: sea surface What: longitude; Material: null What: eastward wind speed; Material: null What: ice sheet thickness; Material: null What: sedimentation rate; Material: null What: dissolved organic carbon; Material: sea surface What: biomass burning; Material: null What: soil carbon; Material: null What: soil respiration; Material: null What: biomass burning; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Geographic Region > Global > Global > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Schmittner, A.; Somes, C.J. (2016-03-03): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Global Ocean Model Data of Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles for Pre-industrial and Last Glacial Maximum Conditions. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/kjmt-e068. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Complementary Constraints from Carbon (13C) and Nitrogen (15N) Isotopes on the Glacial Ocean’s Soft-Tissue Biological Pump 2016 publication Schmittner, A., and C.J. Somes author Paleoceanography publisher https://doi.org/10.1002/2015PA002905 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2016 Schmittner, A., and C.J. Somes, 2016: Complementary Constraints from Carbon (13C) and Nitrogen (15N) Isotopes on the Glacial Ocean’s Soft-Tissue Biological Pump. Paleoceanography, 31, , 10.1002/2015PA002905 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Paleo date information not available. -180 180 -90 90 1950 STUDY NOTES: Model code, output, scripts used for analysis and plotting and an updated sediment dataset of nitrogen isotope data This dataset includes three directories: model/ includes data for the six LGM runs and the Pre-industrial Control run as well as the source code and well as input and output data for the model analysis/ includes ferret scripts used for analysis and to produce the figures sediment_data/ includes the updated nitrogen isotope dataset ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: A three-dimensional, process-based model of the ocean’s carbon and nitrogen cycles, including 13C and 15N isotopes, is used to explore effects of idealized changes in the soft tissue biological pump. Results are presented from one pre-industrial control run (piCtrl) and six simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) with increasing values of the spatially constant maximum phytoplankton growth rate μmax, which accelerates biological nutrient utilization mimicking iron fertilization. The default LGM simulation, without increasing μmax and with a shallower and weaker Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and increased sea ice cover, leads to 280 Pg more respired organic carbon (Corg) storage in the deep ocean with respect to piCtrl. Dissolved oxygen concentrations in the colder glacial thermocline increase, which reduces water-column denitrification and, with delay, nitrogen fixation, thus increasing the ocean’s fixed nitrogen inventory and decreasing δ15NNO3 almost everywhere. This simulation already fits sediment reconstructions of carbon and nitrogen isotopes relatively well, but it overestimates deep ocean δ13CDIC and underestimates δ15NNO3 at high latitudes. Increasing μmax further enhances Corg and lowers deep ocean δ13CDIC, improving the agreement with sediment data. In the model’s Antarctic and North Pacific oceans modest increases in μmax result in higher δ15NNO3 due to enhanced local nutrient utilization, improving the agreement with reconstructions there. Models with moderately increased μmax fit both isotope data best, whereas large increases in nutrient utilization are inconsistent with nitrogen isotopes although they still fit the carbon isotopes reasonably well. The best fitting models reproduce major features of the glacial δ13CDIC, δ15NNO3, and oxygen reconstructions, while simulating increased Corg by 510-670 Pg compared with the pre-industrial ocean. These results are consistent with the idea that the soft-tissue pump was more efficient during the LGM. Both circulation and biological nutrient utilization are viable mechanisms. However, these conclusions are preliminary given our idealized experiments, which do not consider changes in benthic denitrification and spatially inhomogenous changes in aeolian iron fluxes. The analysis illustrates interactions between the carbon and nitrogen cycles as well as the complementary constraints provided by their isotopes. Whereas carbon isotopes are sensitive to circulation changes and indicate well the three-dimensional Corg distribution, nitrogen isotopes are more sensitive to biological nutrient utilization. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/kjmt-e068 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/19842 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoclimatology-modeling HTTPS Information NCEI Paleoclimatology Modeling Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/schmittner2016/schmittner2016.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/schmittner2016/ HTTPS Download /gcmoutput/schmittner2016/ Data Folder download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21