gov.noaa.nodc:0211010 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-01-16T20:12:54Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Coral reef resilience and social vulnerability to climate change in the U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands (NCEI Accession 0211010) 2020-07-20 publication 2020-06-25 creation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0211010 NCEI Archive Management System 0211010 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Lori Luers NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information resourceProvider Thomas Oliver NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division thomas.oliver@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Oliver, Thomas A. NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information author Kleiber, Danika NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information author Hospital, Justin NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information author Maynard, Jeffrey SymbioSeas and the Marine Applied Research Center author Tracey, Dieter SymbioSeas and the Marine Applied Research Center author Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center author NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset results from an analysis of climate exposure, ecological resilience, and social vulnerability to climate change threats for the coral reefs of the U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands. Standard methodologies were applied to assess ecological resilience and social vulnerability of communities surveyed by the NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) in the Pacific. The analysis focuses primarily on increases in ocean temperatures and the impact of coral bleaching on the U.S.'s Pacific coral reefs and the communities that depend on them. Findings from the analysis are presented in a publication series, Coral Reef Resilience and Social Vulnerability to Climate Change, for the main Hawaiian Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. The coral reef resilience indices include 7 ecological factors and temperature variability. The ecological data were derived from NCRMP datasets from 2013 to 2015 -- including coral demographic surveys (coral diversity, coral disease, juvenile coral density, bleaching resistant corals), reef fish surveys (herbivorous fish biomass, fishing depletion), and photoquadrat surveys (macroalgal cover) -- with factor selection and calculation following McClanahan et al. (2012) and Maynard et al. (2015). Temperature variability data are from Heron et al. (2016). The 8 factors were normalized and combined to derive total resilience, bleaching resistance, coral competitiveness and other stressors. All social vulnerability data were derived from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS), analyzed following Kleiber et al. (2018). Social vulnerability indices include housing characteristics, labor force, personal disruption, population composition, and poverty. Exposure data presented in the publication series are directly from van Hooidonk et al. (2016) and are not included with this dataset. The geographic data file to plot the ecological data generated from the analysis are included with this dataset. The social data can be plotted using the TIGER Line shapefiles for county subdivisions from the U.S. Census Bureau. To use existing data to inform resilience-based management of the coral reef areas of U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands. This project aimed to make use of NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) and U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey data to inform jurisdictional managers about the resilience potential/vulnerability of their social-ecological systems. Funding Agency: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0211010 Preview graphic PNG 0211010 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2020-06-19 publication CORAL CORAL - BLEACHING CORAL - SPECIES IDENTIFICATION FISH - CORAL REEF FISH BIOMASS MACROALGAE SOCIOECONOMIC WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS derived products GIS product in situ satellite data survey - coral reef survey - swimmer/diver theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) CORAL REEF STUDIES project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Coastal Waters of Hawaii North Pacific Ocean Rose Atoll Marine National Monument South Pacific Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication CRED CREP Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Coral Reef Ecosystem Program ESD Ecosystem Sciences Division PIFSC Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center dataCentre Contributing Organizations DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC/ESD > Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian 31074 Climate Change Vulnerability Analysis for US Pacific Reefs - Integrating Exposure, Resilience, and Social Adaptive Capacity project CRCP Project Geographic Information > Reef Resilience Geographic Information > Socioeconomic Numeric Data Sets > Benthic Numeric Data Sets > Biology theme CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algal Cover EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Bleaching > Bleaching Resistance EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Socio-economic Survey EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral reef ecology EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish > Fish Assemblages EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature theme CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > PLANTS > MACROALGAE (SEAWEEDS) EARTH SCIENCE > HUMAN DIMENSIONS > SOCIOECONOMICS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > CORAL REEFS > CORAL BLEACHING EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES > COASTAL LANDFORMS > CORAL REEFS theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Northern Mariana Islands > Northern Mariana Islands > Northern Mariana Islands ( CNMI ) (18N146E0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Guam > Guam (13N144E0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Baker Island (00N176W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Howland Island (00S176W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Wake Atoll (19N167E0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Baker Island > Baker Island (00N176W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Howland Island > Howland Island (00S176W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Johnston Atoll > Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Wake Atoll > Wake Atoll (19N167E0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Guam > Guam (13N144E0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Mariana Archipelago > Northern Mariana Islands ( CNMI ) (18N146E0000) place CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Marianas Trench Marine National Monument Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument place Provider Place Names 6UFGDT Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Oliver, Thomas A.; Kleiber, Danika; Hospital, Justin; Maynard, Jeffrey; Tracey, Dieter; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2020). Coral reef resilience and social vulnerability to climate change in the U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands (NCEI Accession 0211010). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0211010. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 2020: Coral Reef Resilience and Social Vulnerability to Climate Change in the U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59258. 2020 publication gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:59258 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59258 HTTPS https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59258 InPort Metadata Record information NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/PIFSC) publisher tableDigital crossReference Oliver, T. A., Kleiber, D., & Hospital, J. (2020). Coral Reef Resilience and Social Vulnerability to Climate Change: MHI. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.). https://doi.org/10.25923/5xhp-5k12 2020 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25923/5xhp-5k12 https://doi.org/10.25923/5xhp-5k12 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.25923/5xhp-5k12 NOAA Central Library: Related document information Oliver, Thomas A. author Kleiber, Danika author Hospital, Justin author Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.) publisher documentDigital Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.) crossReference collection Oliver, T. A., Kleiber, D., & Hospital, J. (2020). Coral Reef Resilience and Social Vulnerability to Climate Change: Guam. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.). https://doi.org/10.25923/mpdz-jm19 2020 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25923/mpdz-jm19 https://doi.org/10.25923/mpdz-jm19 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.25923/mpdz-jm19 NOAA Central Library: Related document information Oliver, Thomas A. author Kleiber, Danika author Hospital, Justin author Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.) publisher documentDigital Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.) crossReference collection Oliver, T. A., Kleiber, D., & Hospital, J. (2020). Coral Reef Resilience and Social Vulnerability to Climate Change: CNMI. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.). https://doi.org/10.25923/sn8p-4z44 2020 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25923/sn8p-4z44 https://doi.org/10.25923/sn8p-4z44 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.25923/sn8p-4z44 NOAA Central Library: Related document information Oliver, Thomas A. author Kleiber, Danika author Hospital, Justin author Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.) publisher documentDigital Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.) crossReference collection Oliver, T. A., Kleiber, D., & Hospital, J. (2020). Coral Reef Resilience and Social Vulnerability to Climate Change: AS. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.). https://doi.org/10.25923/t9tm-pa91 2020 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25923/t9tm-pa91 https://doi.org/10.25923/t9tm-pa91 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.25923/t9tm-pa91 NOAA Central Library: Related document information Oliver, Thomas A. author Kleiber, Danika author Hospital, Justin author Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.) publisher documentDigital Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.) crossReference collection Heron, S. F., Maynard, J. A., van Hooidonk, R., & Eakin, C. M. (2016). Warming Trends and Bleaching Stress of the World’s Coral Reefs 1985–2012. Scientific Reports, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38402 2016-12-06 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38402 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38402 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38402 journal article information Heron, Scott F. author Maynard, Jeffrey A. author van Hooidonk, Ruben author Eakin, C. Mark author Springer Science and Business Media LLC publisher documentDigital Sci Rep 6(1) ISSN 2045-2322 crossReference sciencePaper Kleiber, D., Kotowicz, D. M., & Hospital, J. (20 C.E.). Applying national community social vulnerability Indicators to fishing communities in the Pacific Island Region. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5/tm-pifsc-65 7289 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.7289/v5/tm-pifsc-65 https://doi.org/10.7289/v5/tm-pifsc-65 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.7289/v5/tm-pifsc-65 other information Kleiber, Danika author Kotowicz, Dawn M. author Hospital, Justin author U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center publisher documentDigital U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center crossReference sciencePaper Maynard, J. A., McKagan, S., Raymundo, L., Johnson, S., Ahmadia, G. N., Johnston, L., Houk, P., Williams, G. J., Kendall, M., Heron, S. F., van Hooidonk, R., Mcleod, E., Tracey, D., & Planes, S. (2015). Assessing relative resilience potential of coral reefs to inform management. Biological Conservation, 192, 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.001 2015-12 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.001 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.001 journal article information Maynard, Jeffrey A. author McKagan, Steven author Raymundo, Laurie author Johnson, Steven author Ahmadia, Gabby N. author Johnston, Lyza author Houk, Peter author Williams, Gareth J. author Kendall, Matt author Heron, Scott F. author van Hooidonk, Ruben Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information author Mcleod, Elizabeth author Tracey, Dieter author Planes, Serge author Elsevier BV publisher documentDigital Biological Conservation 192 ISSN 0006-3207, pp. 109-119 crossReference sciencePaper McClanahan, T. R., Donner, S. D., Maynard, J. A., MacNeil, M. A., Graham, N. A. J., Maina, J., Baker, A. C., Alemu I., J. B., Beger, M., Campbell, S. J., Darling, E. S., Eakin, C. M., Heron, S. F., Jupiter, S. D., Lundquist, C. J., McLeod, E., Mumby, P. J., Paddack, M. J., Selig, E. R., & van Woesik, R. (2012). Prioritizing Key Resilience Indicators to Support Coral Reef Management in a Changing Climate. PLoS ONE, 7(8), e42884. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042884 2012-08-29 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042884 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042884 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042884 related journal article information McClanahan, Tim R. author Donner, Simon D. author Maynard, Jeffrey A. author MacNeil, M. Aaron author Graham, Nicholas A. J. author Maina, Joseph author Baker, Andrew C. author Alemu I., Jahson B. author Beger, Maria author Campbell, Stuart J. author Darling, Emily S. author Eakin, C. Mark author Heron, Scott F. author Jupiter, Stacy D. author Lundquist, Carolyn J. author McLeod, Elizabeth author Mumby, Peter J. author Paddack, Michelle J. author Selig, Elizabeth R. author van Woesik, Robert author Unsworth, Richard K. F. editor Public Library of Science (PLoS) publisher documentDigital PLoS ONE 7(8) ISSN 1932-6203, p. e42884 crossReference van Hooidonk, R., Maynard, J., Tamelander, J., Gove, J., Ahmadia, G., Raymundo, L., Williams, G., Heron, S. F., & Planes, S. (2016). Local-scale projections of coral reef futures and implications of the Paris Agreement. Scientific Reports, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39666 2016-12-21 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39666 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39666 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39666 Online Journal Article information van Hooidonk, Ruben author Maynard, Jeffrey author Tamelander, Jerker author Gove, Jamison author Ahmadia, Gabby author Raymundo, Laurie author Williams, Gareth author Heron, Scott F. author Planes, Serge author Springer Science and Business Media LLC publisher documentDigital Sci Rep 6(1) ISSN 2045-2322 crossReference Williams, I. D., Baum, J. K., Heenan, A., Hanson, K. M., Nadon, M. O., & Brainard, R. E. (2015). Human, Oceanographic and Habitat Drivers of Central and Western Pacific Coral Reef Fish Assemblages. PLOS ONE, 10(4), e0120516. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120516 2015-04-01 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120516 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120516 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120516 journal article information Williams, Ivor D. author Baum, Julia K. author Heenan, Adel author Hanson, Katharine M. author Nadon, Marc O. author Brainard, Russell E. author Ferse, Sebastian C. A. editor Public Library of Science (PLoS) publisher documentDigital PLoS ONE 10(4) ISSN 1932-6203, p. e0120516 crossReference sciencePaper TIGER/Line Shapefiles publication https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/geo/shapefiles/index.php HTTPS United States Census Bureau Tiger/Line Shapefiles TIGER/Line Shapefiles information United States Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/ HTTPS website Institution web page information author United States Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/ HTTPS website Institution web page information publisher documentDigital crossReference eng; USA utf8 environment society oceans imageryBaseMapsEarthCover biota 144.561723 -154.745865 -14.615052 28.523088 2006-01-01 2015-11-13 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. CSV PDF DBF SHP 42.78 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0211010 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/211010 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/211010 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0158/0211010/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0211010 v1.1 was published. 2020-07-20T15:26:28Z NCEI Accession 0211010 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0211010/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0211010 v1.1 published 2020-07-20T15:26:28Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: SOCIOECONOMIC (calculated); Units: unitless; Observation Category: derived products; Sampling Instrument: Not applicable; Sampling and Analyzing Method: In this analysis, we report distinct factors associated with climate exposure, ecological resilience, and social vulnerability, and then aggregate normalized factors in each category to report an overall exposure, resilience, or social vulnerability metric. All social vulnerability data were derived from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS), analyzed following Kleiber et al. (2018). Social vulnerability indices include housing characteristics, labor force, personal disruption, population composition, and poverty. General method to derive social vulnerability indices: 1.Select social metrics for inclusion into each index. 2.Run principal components analysis (PCA), to weight distinct metrics' contributions to eventual index and to calculate index values. 3.Convert numeric index results into binned data using mean and standard deviations as breaks along continuous scale. 4.Generate aggregate social vulnerability metric by counting the number of the 5 component indices that rate high vulnerability (x > Mean+1SD) in a given geography. 5.Plot data by joining social vulnerability data file to U.S. Census TIGER/Line shapefile for County Subdivisions. The GEO_IDS field in the social data file joins to the GEOID in the TIGER Line shapefiles.; Data Quality Method: Accuracy: For accuracy of each of the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) social metrics, refer to the original survey effort. With regard to the aggregated factors, or indices, bear in mind the indices are the principal component analysis (PCA) weighted combination of normalized factors (social). Completeness Report: As the domain consists of broadly under-surveyed jurisdictions, availability of data played a large role in the selection of metrics to include in our various indices. Uninhabited CCDs and/or islands including lightly habited places like Palmyra were also excluded either due to lack of data or lack of population to survey. Swains was included in this study, however those data were excluded from the resilience and vulnerability publications due to small sample size and peculiar results. Quality Control: The U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) runs thorough quality control procedures described in their respective surveys. Our analysis was reviewed by all co-authors, their respective Division chiefs, and NOAA Fisheries technical and editorial review by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. This analysis was designed to as closely represent the conceptual vision given available data. Parameter or Variable: CORAL (calculated); Units: unitless; Observation Category: derived products; Sampling Instrument: Not applicable; Sampling and Analyzing Method: In this analysis, we report distinct factors associated with climate exposure, ecological resilience, and social vulnerability, and then aggregate normalized factors in each category to report an overall exposure, resilience, or social vulnerability metric. Coral Reef Resilience indices include 7 ecological factors and temperature variability. The ecological data were derived from NCRMP datasets from 2013 to 2015---including coral demographic surveys (coral diversity, coral disease, juvenile coral density, bleaching resistant corals), reef fish surveys (herbivorous fish biomass, fishing depletion), and photoquadrat surveys (macroalgal cover)---with factor selection and calculation following McClanahan et al. (2012) and Maynard et al. (2015). General method to derive Coral Reef Resilience indices: 1.Select ecological resilience factors for contribution to aggregate index. 2.Normalize included factors, using 5th and 95th quantile. 3.Aggregate selected factors to generate resilience index by summing across all normalized factors, and re-normalizing. 4.Plot data by joining data file to sector shapefile on 'Benthic_Sector' and 'sectrnm' fields, respectively. Data sources for coral diversity, coral disease, juvenile coral density, and bleaching resistant corals generated from coral demographic surveys: 1.NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division (2018). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Stratified random surveys (StRS) of coral demography (adult and juvenile corals) across American Samoa. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. doi:10.7289/V579431K 2.NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division (2018). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Stratified random surveys (StRS) of coral demography (adult and juvenile corals) across the Hawaiian Archipelago. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. doi:10.7289/V5C24TRH 3.NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division (2018). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Stratified random surveys (StRS) of coral demography (adult and juvenile corals) across the Mariana Archipelago. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. doi:10.7289/V53N21Q5 4.NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division (2018). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Stratified random surveys (StRS) of coral demography (adult and juvenile corals) across the Pacific Remote Island Areas. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. doi:10.7289/V5ZW1J8B; Data Quality Method: Accuracy: For accuracy of each of the NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) ecological metrics refer to the original survey effort. With regard to the aggregated factors, or indices, bear in mind the indices are the unweighted combination of normalized factors (ecological). Completeness Report: While the original method cited 11 factors to be most desirable in assessing resilience, data on only 8 factors were widely available across the survey domain. Uninhabited CCDs and/or islands including lightly habited places like Palmyra were also excluded either due to lack of data or lack of population to survey. Swains was included in this study, however those data were excluded from the resilience and vulnerability publications due to small sample size and peculiar results. Quality Control: The NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) runs thorough quality control procedures described in their respective surveys. Our analysis was reviewed by all co-authors, their respective Division chiefs, and NOAA Fisheries technical and editorial review by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. This analysis was designed to as closely represent the conceptual vision given available data. Parameter or Variable: FISH BIOMASS (calculated); Units: unitless; Observation Category: derived products; Sampling Instrument: Not applicable; Sampling and Analyzing Method: In this analysis, we report distinct factors associated with climate exposure, ecological resilience, and social vulnerability, and then aggregate normalized factors in each category to report an overall exposure, resilience, or social vulnerability metric. Coral Reef Resilience indices include 7 ecological factors and temperature variability. The ecological data were derived from NCRMP datasets from 2013 to 2015---including coral demographic surveys (coral diversity, coral disease, juvenile coral density, bleaching resistant corals), reef fish surveys (herbivorous fish biomass, fishing depletion), and photoquadrat surveys (macroalgal cover)---with factor selection and calculation following McClanahan et al. (2012) and Maynard et al. (2015). General method to derive Coral Reef Resilience indices: 1.Select ecological resilience factors for contribution to aggregate index. 2.Normalize included factors, using 5th and 95th quantile. 3.Aggregate selected factors to generate resilience index by summing across all normalized factors, and re-normalizing. 4.Plot data by joining data file to sector shapefile on 'Benthic_Sector' and 'sectrnm' fields, respectively. Data sources for herbivorous fish biomass and fishing depletion generated from reef fish stationary point count surveys (fishing depletion also includes information from Williams et al. 2015): 1.NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division (2018). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Stratified random surveys (StRS) of reef fish, including benthic estimate data of American Samoa. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. doi:10.7289/V5TB1564 2.NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division (2018). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Stratified random surveys (StRS) of reef fish, including benthic estimate data of the Hawaiian Archipelago. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. doi:10.7289/V59C6VR5 3.NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division (2018). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Stratified random surveys (StRS) of reef fish, including benthic estimate data of the Mariana Archipelago. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. doi:10.7289/V5C827M0 4.NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division (2018). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Stratified random surveys (StRS) of reef fish, including benthic estimate data of the Pacific Remote Island Areas. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. doi:10.7289/V58C9TKB; Data Quality Method: Accuracy: For accuracy of each of the NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) ecological metrics refer to the original survey effort. With regard to the aggregated factors, or indices, bear in mind the indices are the unweighted combination of normalized factors (ecological). Completeness Report: While the original method cited 11 factors to be most desirable in assessing resilience, data on only 8 factors were widely available across the survey domain. Uninhabited CCDs and/or islands including lightly habited places like Palmyra were also excluded either due to lack of data or lack of population to survey. Swains was included in this study, however those data were excluded from the resilience and vulnerability publications due to small sample size and peculiar results. Quality Control: The NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) runs thorough quality control procedures described in their respective surveys. Our analysis was reviewed by all co-authors, their respective Division chiefs, and NOAA Fisheries technical and editorial review by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. This analysis was designed to as closely represent the conceptual vision given available data. Parameter or Variable: MACROALGAE (calculated); Units: unitless; Observation Category: derived products; Sampling Instrument: Not applicable; Sampling and Analyzing Method: In this analysis, we report distinct factors associated with climate exposure, ecological resilience, and social vulnerability, and then aggregate normalized factors in each category to report an overall exposure, resilience, or social vulnerability metric. Coral Reef Resilience indices include 7 ecological factors and temperature variability. The ecological data were derived from NCRMP datasets from 2013 to 2015---including coral demographic surveys (coral diversity, coral disease, juvenile coral density, bleaching resistant corals), reef fish surveys (herbivorous fish biomass, fishing depletion), and photoquadrat surveys (macroalgal cover)---with factor selection and calculation following McClanahan et al. (2012) and Maynard et al. (2015). General method to derive Coral Reef Resilience indices: 1.Select ecological resilience factors for contribution to aggregate index. 2.Normalize included factors, using 5th and 95th quantile. 3.Aggregate selected factors to generate resilience index by summing across all normalized factors, and re-normalizing. 4.Plot data by joining data file to sector shapefile on 'Benthic_Sector' and 'sectrnm' fields, respectively. Data sources for macroalgal cover generated from photoquadrat surveys: 1.NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division (2018). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Benthic cover derived from analysis of images collected during stratified random surveys (StRS) across American Samoa. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. doi:10.7289/V52V2DFW 2.NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division (2018). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Benthic cover derived from analysis of images collected during stratified random surveys (StRS) of the Hawaiian Archipelago. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. doi:10.7289/V5JS9NR4 3.NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division (2018). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Benthic cover derived from analysis of images collected during stratified random surveys (StRS) across the Mariana Archipelago. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. doi:10.7289/V57M0673 4.NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division (2018). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Benthic cover derived from analysis of images collected during stratified random surveys (StRS) across the Pacific Remote Island Areas. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. doi:10.7289/V5154FBH; Data Quality Method: Accuracy: For accuracy of each of the NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) ecological metrics refer to the original survey effort. With regard to the aggregated factors, or indices, bear in mind the indices are the unweighted combination of normalized factors (ecological). Completeness Report: While the original method cited 11 factors to be most desirable in assessing resilience, data on only 8 factors were widely available across the survey domain. Uninhabited CCDs and/or islands including lightly habited places like Palmyra were also excluded either due to lack of data or lack of population to survey. Swains was included in this study, however those data were excluded from the resilience and vulnerability publications due to small sample size and peculiar results. Quality Control: The NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) runs thorough quality control procedures described in their respective surveys. Our analysis was reviewed by all co-authors, their respective Division chiefs, and NOAA Fisheries technical and editorial review by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. This analysis was designed to as closely represent the conceptual vision given available data. Parameter or Variable: CORAL - BLEACHING (calculated); Units: unitless; Observation Category: derived products; Sampling Instrument: Not applicable; Sampling and Analyzing Method: In this analysis, we report distinct factors associated with climate exposure, ecological resilience, and social vulnerability, and then aggregate normalized factors in each category to report an overall exposure, resilience, or social vulnerability metric. Coral Reef Resilience indices include 7 ecological factors and temperature variability. The ecological data were derived from NCRMP datasets from 2013 to 2015---including coral demographic surveys (coral diversity, coral disease, juvenile coral density, bleaching resistant corals), reef fish surveys (herbivorous fish biomass, fishing depletion), and photoquadrat surveys (macroalgal cover)---with factor selection and calculation following McClanahan et al. (2012) and Maynard et al. (2015). General method to derive Coral Reef Resilience indices: 1.Select ecological resilience factors for contribution to aggregate index. 2.Normalize included factors, using 5th and 95th quantile. 3.Aggregate selected factors to generate resilience index by summing across all normalized factors, and re-normalizing. 4.Plot data by joining data file to sector shapefile on 'Benthic_Sector' and 'sectrnm' fields, respectively.; Data Quality Method: Accuracy: For accuracy of each of the NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) ecological metrics refer to the original survey effort. With regard to the aggregated factors, or indices, bear in mind the indices are the unweighted combination of normalized factors (ecological). Completeness Report: While the original method cited 11 factors to be most desirable in assessing resilience, data on only 8 factors were widely available across the survey domain. Uninhabited CCDs and/or islands including lightly habited places like Palmyra were also excluded either due to lack of data or lack of population to survey. Swains was included in this study, however those data were excluded from the resilience and vulnerability publications due to small sample size and peculiar results. Quality Control: The NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) runs thorough quality control procedures described in their respective surveys. Our analysis was reviewed by all co-authors, their respective Division chiefs, and NOAA Fisheries technical and editorial review by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. This analysis was designed to as closely represent the conceptual vision given available data. Parameter or Variable: WATER TEMPERATURE (calculated); Units: unitless; Observation Category: derived products; Sampling Instrument: Not applicable; Sampling and Analyzing Method: In this analysis, we report distinct factors associated with climate exposure, ecological resilience, and social vulnerability, and then aggregate normalized factors in each category to report an overall exposure, resilience, or social vulnerability metric. Coral Reef Resilience indices include 7 ecological factors and temperature variability. Temperature variability data are from Heron et al. (2016). General method to derive Coral Reef Resilience indices: 1.Select ecological resilience factors for contribution to aggregate index. 2.Normalize included factors, using 5th and 95th quantile. 3.Aggregate selected factors to generate resilience index by summing across all normalized factors, and re-normalizing. 4.Plot data by joining data file to sector shapefile on 'Benthic_Sector' and 'sectrnm' fields, respectively.; Data Quality Method: Accuracy: With regard to the aggregated factors, or indices, bear in mind the indices are the unweighted combination of normalized factors. Completeness Report: While the original method cited 11 factors to be most desirable in assessing resilience, data on only 8 factors were widely available across the survey domain. Uninhabited CCDs and/or islands including lightly habited places like Palmyra were also excluded either due to lack of data or lack of population to survey. Swains was included in this study, however those data were excluded from the resilience and vulnerability publications due to small sample size and peculiar results. Quality Control: Our analysis was reviewed by all co-authors, their respective Division chiefs, and NOAA Fisheries technical and editorial review by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. This analysis was designed to as closely represent the conceptual vision given available data. asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian