noaa-recon-37021 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2023-09-01 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Tropical Indian Ocean Basin Hydroclimate Variability 5kyr-3kyrBP Reconstructed from Principal Component Analysis 2022-11-03 publication doi:10.25921/pdtg-zp34 noaa-recon-37021 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Scroxton, N. originator Scroxton, N. author Burns, S.J. originator Burns, S.J. author McGee, D. originator McGee, D. author Godfrey, L.R. originator Godfrey, L.R. author Ranivoharimanana, L. originator Ranivoharimanana, L. author Faina, P. originator Faina, P. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Climate Reconstruction. The data include parameters of climate reconstructions|speleothems with a geographic location of Indian Ocean. The time period coverage is from 4983 to 3104 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables derived from paleoclimate proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-recon.png Paleoclimatology - Climate Reconstruction PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|paleoceanography|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > reconstructions > atmospheric circulation earth science > paleoclimate > reconstructions > precipitation theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian precipitation theme What: principal component; Material: delta 18O What: age; Material: null What: principal component; Material: multiple proxies What: principal component; Material: delta 18O What: principal component; Material: multiple proxies What: principal component; Material: multiple proxies What: principal component; Material: delta 18O What: age; Material: null What: principal component; Material: delta 18O What: principal component; Material: delta 18O What: principal component; Material: multiple proxies What: age; Material: null What: principal component; Material: multiple proxies What: principal component; Material: multiple proxies What: principal component; Material: delta 18O What: principal component; Material: delta 18O What: principal component; Material: delta 18O What: principal component; Material: delta 18O What: principal component; Material: delta 18O What: principal component; Material: delta 18O What: principal component; Material: delta 18O theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Ocean > Indian Ocean > Tropical Indian Ocean Basin > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Scroxton, N.; Burns, S.J.; McGee, D.; Godfrey, L.R.; Ranivoharimanana, L.; Faina, P. (2022-11-03): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Tropical Indian Ocean Basin Hydroclimate Variability 5kyr-3kyrBP Reconstructed from Principal Component Analysis. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/pdtg-zp34. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Tropical Indian Ocean basin hydroclimate at the Mid- to Late-Holocene transition and the Double Drying hypothesis 2023 publication Scroxton, Nick, Stephen J. Burns, David McGee, Laurie R. Godfrey, Lovasoa Ranivoharimanana, Peterson Faina, Benjamin H. Tiger author Quaternary Science Reviews publisher https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107837 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2023 Scroxton, Nick, Stephen J. Burns, David McGee, Laurie R. Godfrey, Lovasoa Ranivoharimanana, Peterson Faina, Benjamin H. Tiger, 2023: Tropical Indian Ocean basin hydroclimate at the Mid- to Late-Holocene transition and the Double Drying hypothesis. Quaternary Science Reviews, 300, , 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107837 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 4983 cal yr BP to 3104 cal yr BP; 46.87 128.62 -19.76 30.6 -3033 -1154 STUDY NOTES: This reconstruction is based on ten high quality, high resolution paleoclimate records from around the Indian Ocean basin. For use of original datasets please use the following references and data locations: Oman Q5: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.04.012, SISAL entity ID 351; India SAH: 10.1126/sciadv.1701296, SISAL entity ID 478; Sumatra TA12-2: 10.1016/j.epsl.2018.04.001, SISAL entity ID 436; Rodrigues LAVI4: 10.5194/cp-14-1881-2018, SISAL entity ID: 369; Borneo BA03: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.050, SISAL entity ID: 238. The Australian stalagmite data (10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.004) is a composite of individual records available in the SISAL database with site ID 155. The new Anjohikely AK1 data (10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107874) is available at https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/37062, and has been submitted to the SISAL database for future release. Data from sediment core 63KA (10.5194/cp-15-73-2019) is available from http://eprints.esc.cam.ac.uk/4371/. Data from sediment core SO130-289KL (10.1038/ngeo1712) is available from the Pangaea database with ID: 815851. Provided Keywords: 4.2 ka event, Holocene, Paleoclimatology, Monsoon, ITCZ, speleothems, sediment cores, stable Isotopes, G.ruber, N.dutertrei, reflectance ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: The spatial pattern of Holocene climate anomalies is crucial to determining the mechanisms of change, distinguishing between unforced and forced climate variability, and understanding potential impacts on past and future human societies. The 4.2 ka event is often regarded as one of the largest and best documented abrupt climate disturbances of the Holocene. Yet outside the data-rich Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes, the global pattern of climate anomalies is uncertain. In this study we investigate the spatial and temporal variability of the tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimate at the Mid- to Late-Holocene transition. We conducted Monte-Carlo principal component analysis, considering full age uncertainty, on ten high-resolution, precisely dated paleohydroclimate records from around the tropical Indian Ocean basin, all growing continuously or almost continuously between 5 and 3 kyr BP. The results indicate the dominant mode of variability in the region was a drying between 3.97 kyr BP (±0.08 kyr standard error) and 3.76 kyr BP (±0.07 kyr standard error) with dry conditions lasting for an additional 300 years in some records, and a permanent change in others. This drying in PC1, which we interpret as a proxy of summer monsoon variability, fits with a previously recognised tropic wide change in hydro-climate around 4.0 kyr BP. An abrupt event from 4.2 to 3.9 kyr BP is seen locally in individual records but lacks regional coherence. A lack of apparent 4.2 ka event in tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimate has ramifications for climate variability in the Indus valley, and for the Harappan civilization. Through a comparison of existing Indian subcontinent paleoclimate records, upstream climatic variability in the Indian Summer Monsoon and winter Westerly Disturbances source regions, and modern climatology, we present the “Double Drying hypothesis”. A winter rainfall drying between 4.2 and 3.9 kyr BP was followed by a summer rainfall drying between 3.97 kyr BP and at least 3.4 kyr BP. The Double Drying hypothesis provides more detailed climatic context for the Harappan civilization, resolves the cropping paradox, and fits the spatial-temporal pattern of urban abandonment. The consequences for the new Mid- to Late-Holocene Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point in a stalagmite from Meghalaya are explored. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/pdtg-zp34 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/37021 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-reconstruction HTTPS Information NCEI Climate Reconstruction Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/scroxton2022/scroxton2022-pca-precip.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21