gov.noaa.nodc:0294912 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2025-11-27T13:30:07Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Water temperature, salinity, and others taken by CTD and other instrumentation from the research vessel Mirai in the Chukchi Sea, Bering Sea, and North Pacific Ocean from 2023-08-25 to 2023-10-04 (NCEI Accession 0294912) 2024-07-12 publication 2024-07-11 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/496j-md65 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0294912 NCEI Archive Management System 0294912 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Amane Fujiwara Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) amane@jamstec.go.jp http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Amane Fujiwara Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) amane@jamstec.go.jp http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Fujiwara, Amane Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology amane@jamstec.go.jp http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information author Hatta, Mariko Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information author Onodera, Jonaotaro Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information author Watanabe, Eiji Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information author Kikuchi, Takashi Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology takashik@jamstec.go.jp http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information author Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset contains water temperature, salinity, and others taken by CTD and other instrumentation from the research vessel Mirai in the Chukchi Sea, Bering Sea, and North Pacific. This cruise aims to develop the dataset that could allow for a synoptic view of the totality of hydrographic and ecosystem changes taking place in the Arctic Ocean and facilitate advancing model development to predict the future state of the Arctic. We conducted hydrographic and biogeochemical surveys, including plankton, microplastic, and bottom sediment samplings, from the northern Bering Sea to the marginal ice zones of the Canada Basin. This dataset is U.S. State Department MSR RATS U2023-005 as part of the World Data Center for geophysics and oceanography. Data are in text formats. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0294912 Preview graphic PNG 0294912 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2024-07-09 publication AIR TEMPERATURE BATHYMETRY BEAM ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT CHLOROPHYLL A CONCENTRATION CURRENT SPEED DEPTH - SENSOR DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) DISSOLVED OXYGEN HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE LONGWAVE IRRADIANCE NUTRIENTS Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR) RELATIVE HUMIDITY SALINITY SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE SHORTWAVE IRRADIANCE speed over ground total alkalinity turbidity WATER TEMPERATURE WATER TRANSPARENCY WIND DIRECTION Wind speed - east-west component (U) Wind speed - north-south component (V) theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS anemometer barometer ceilometer CTD fluorometer GPS gravimeter Niskin bottle PAR Sensor radiometer rain gauge spectrophotometer surface seawater intake thermometer transmissometer turbidity sensor XCTD instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS geological in situ meteorological physical profile underway theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS R/V MIRAI platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS U. S. Department of State Marine Scientific Research (MSR) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Arctic Ocean Bering Sea Chukchi Sea North Pacific Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication JP/JAMSTEC > Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian MSR > U.S. Department of State Marine Scientific Research project Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCSII) project Provider Project Names EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > WATER VAPOR INDICATORS > HUMIDITY > RELATIVE HUMIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > U/V WIND COMPONENTS EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND DIRECTION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > BATHYMETRY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CHLOROPHYLL EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NUTRIENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CIRCULATION > OCEAN CURRENTS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > ATTENUATION/TRANSMISSION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > IRRADIANCE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > TURBIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN PRESSURE > WATER PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian ABSOLUTE WIND SPEED Absolute gravity Atmospheric pressure CHLOROPHYLL A CONCENTRATION - size fraction Dewpoint temperature Free-air anomaly Highest cloud base height Lowest cloud base height or vertical visibility Rainfall intensity Second lowest cloud base height or highest signal detected cloud detection status geomagnetic field anomaly-east-west component geomagnetic field anomaly-north-south component geomagnetic field anomaly-vertical component sea surface salinity significant WAVE HEIGHT theme Provider Keywords ANEMOMETERS > ANEMOMETERS BAROMETERS > BAROMETERS CEILOMETERS > CEILOMETERS CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth FLUOROMETERS > FLUOROMETERS GPS RECEIVERS > GPS RECEIVERS GRAVIMETERS NISKIN BOTTLES OPTSPEC > Optical Spectrometer PAR SENSORS > Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensors RADIOMETERS RAIN GAUGES > RAIN GAUGES THERMOMETERS > THERMOMETERS TRANSMISSOMETERS TURBIDITY METERS > TURBIDITY METERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Multi narrow beam echo sounder Shipboard Three Component Magnetometer directional wave gauge multibeam echosounder system shipboard ADCP instrument Provider Instruments MIRAI (call sign: JNSR, ICES code: 49NZ, 1996-) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes R/V Mirai platform Provider Platform Names OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN > CHUKCHI SEA OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN > BERING SEA place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian U9KP68 Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Fujiwara, Amane; Hatta, Mariko; Onodera, Jonaotaro; Watanabe, Eiji; Kikuchi, Takashi (2024). Water temperature, salinity, and others taken by CTD and other instrumentation from the research vessel Mirai in the Chukchi Sea, Bering Sea, and North Pacific Ocean from 2023-08-25 to 2023-10-04 (NCEI Accession 0294912). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/496j-md65. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. eng; USA utf8 environment oceans geoscientificInformation climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere 138.51 -142.949608 35.0391 77.040156 2023-08-25 2023-10-04 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 419.924 https://doi.org/10.25921/496j-md65 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/294912 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/294912 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0229/0294912/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0294912 v1.1 was published. 2024-07-12T14:46:53Z NCEI Accession 0294912 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0294912/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0294912 v1.1 published 2024-07-12T14:46:53Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: WATER TEMPERATURE (measured); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD Parameter or Variable: SALINITY (measured); Units: psu; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD Parameter or Variable: HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (measured); Units: dbar; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD Parameter or Variable: DISSOLVED OXYGEN (measured); Units: umol/kg; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD Parameter or Variable: WATER TEMPERATURE (measured); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: XCTD Parameter or Variable: SALINITY (measured); Units: psu; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: xctd Parameter or Variable: DEPTH - SENSOR (measured); Units: m; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: XCTD Parameter or Variable: CURRENT SPEED (measured); Units: m/s; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: shipboard ADCP Parameter or Variable: turbidity (measured); Units: ftu; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Turbidity Meter Parameter or Variable: WATER TRANSPARENCY (calculated); Units: %transmission; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: transmissometer Parameter or Variable: BEAM ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT (measured); Units: 1/m; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: transmissometer Parameter or Variable: CHLOROPHYLL A CONCENTRATION (calculated); Units: ug/l; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: fluorometer Parameter or Variable: PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR) (measured); Units: umol photons/m2//s; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: PAR Sensor Parameter or Variable: SALINITY (measured); Units: psu; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle Parameter or Variable: total alkalinity (measured); Units: umol/kg; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle Parameter or Variable: DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) (measured); Units: umol/kg; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle Parameter or Variable: DISSOLVED OXYGEN (measured); Units: umol/kg; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle Parameter or Variable: NUTRIENTS (measured); Units: umol/kg; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle Parameter or Variable: CHLOROPHYLL A CONCENTRATION (measured); Units: ug/l; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle Parameter or Variable: CHLOROPHYLL A CONCENTRATION - size fraction (measured); Units: ug/l; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle Parameter or Variable: Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere (measured); Units: µatm; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: surface seawater intake Parameter or Variable: partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water (measured); Units: µatm; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: surface seawater intake Parameter or Variable: DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) (measured); Units: µmol/kg; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: surface seawater intake Parameter or Variable: PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION (PAR) (measured); Units: µEinstein/cm2/s; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: spectrophotometer Parameter or Variable: SHORTWAVE IRRADIANCE (measured); Units: µW/cm2/nm; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: spectrophotometer Parameter or Variable: SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (measured); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: surface seawater intake Parameter or Variable: sea surface salinity (measured); Units: psu; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: surface seawater intake Parameter or Variable: DISSOLVED OXYGEN (measured); Units: µmol/kg; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: surface seawater intake Parameter or Variable: Atmospheric pressure (measured); Units: hPa; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: barometer Parameter or Variable: significant WAVE HEIGHT (measured); Units: m; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: directional wave gauge Parameter or Variable: AIR TEMPERATURE (measured); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: thermo-hygrometer Parameter or Variable: RELATIVE HUMIDITY (measured); Units: %; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: thermo-hygrometer Parameter or Variable: SHORTWAVE IRRADIANCE (measured); Units: W/m2; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: radiometer Parameter or Variable: LONGWAVE IRRADIANCE (measured); Units: W/m2; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: radiometer Parameter or Variable: Dewpoint temperature (measured); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: thermo-hygrometer Parameter or Variable: Wind speed - north-south component (V) (measured); Units: m/s; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Anemometer Parameter or Variable: Wind speed - east-west component (U) (measured); Units: m/s; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: anemometer Parameter or Variable: Rainfall intensity (measured); Units: mm/h; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Rain gauge Parameter or Variable: cloud detection status (measured); Units: ND; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: ceilometer Parameter or Variable: Lowest cloud base height or vertical visibility (measured); Units: m; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: ceilometer Parameter or Variable: Second lowest cloud base height or highest signal detected (measured); Units: m; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: ceilometer Parameter or Variable: Highest cloud base height (measured); Units: m; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: ceilometer Parameter or Variable: BATHYMETRY (measured); Units: m; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: multibeam echosounder system Parameter or Variable: geomagnetic field anomaly-north-south component (measured); Units: nT; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Shipboard Three Component Magnetometer Parameter or Variable: geomagnetic field anomaly-east-west component (measured); Units: nT; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Shipboard Three Component Magnetometer Parameter or Variable: geomagnetic field anomaly-vertical component (measured); Units: nT; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Shipboard Three Component Magnetometer Parameter or Variable: Absolute gravity (measured); Units: mGal; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: gravimeter Parameter or Variable: Free-air anomaly (measured); Units: mGal; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: gravimeter Parameter or Variable: speed over ground (measured); Units: knot; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: GPS Parameter or Variable: WIND DIRECTION (measured); Units: angular degree; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: anemometer Parameter or Variable: ABSOLUTE WIND SPEED (measured); Units: m/s; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: anemometer Parameter or Variable: BATHYMETRY (measured); Units: m; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Multi narrow beam echo sounder asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian anemometer anemometer measures wind speed An anemometer is an instrument that measures wind speed. Note that an aerovane (insttypes_id 175) is an anemometer which has a tail and a propeller to measure the speed and direction of the wind. barometer barometer Barometers are instruments for measuring atmospheric pressure; two types include mercury barometers and aneroid barometers. ceilometer ceilometer Ceilometers are devices using a laser or other light source to determine the height of a cloud base. An optical ceilometer uses triangulation to determine the height of a spot of light projected onto the base of the cloud; a laser ceilometer determines the height by measuring the time required for a pulse of light to be scattered back from the cloud base. CTD CTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe fluorometer fluorometer fluorometer GPS GPS Global Positioning System receiver satellite-based instrument used for geo-location, positioning and navigation gravimeter gravimeter generic instrument to measure local gravity field intensity Gravity intensity and other gravimetric data are usually managed and archived at the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/). Niskin bottle Niskin bottle Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle? PAR Sensor PAR Sensor Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensor The PAR sensor measures global solar radiation from 400 to 700 nm, which approximates the spectral band active in photosynthesis. The response of the instrument falls sharply to zero on either side of this band, and between 400 and 670 nm it increases monotonically from about 50% to 100%. There is no protective glass dome over the receiving surface. Irradiance from the sun passes through a small white visible bandpass filter/diffuser in the shape of a horizontal disk at the top of the instrument. Within the instrument radiation is directed through a series of colored glass filters and onto a silicon photodiode detector. The factory-supplied calibration converts the signal from the detector to a flux of photons in micro-mole (of photons) s-1 m-2. (One micro-mole equals 6.022 E17 photons.) For the solar spectrum, these units may be converted to watts per square meter by dividing by 4.6. (http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/instrument/par.htm) radiometer radiometer radiometer rain gauge rain gauge A device to measure the amount of liquid precipitation The definition of liquid precipitation is any form of water falling from the sky as rain. Rain gauge measures the amount of liquid precipitation. spectrophotometer spectrophotometer spectrophotometer, optical spectrometer, spectrograph or spectroscope An optical spectrometer (spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. Butler, L. R. P.; Laqua, K. (1995). "Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-IX. Instrumentation for the spectral dispersion and isolation of optical radiation (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)". Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 67 (10): 1725–1744. doi:10.1351/pac199567101725. A spectrometer is the general term for describing a combination of spectral apparatus with one or more detectors to measure the intensity of one or more spectral bands." surface seawater intake surface seawater intake not an instrument or observation type thermometer thermometer generic thermometer or reversing thermometer use thermometer when temperature is a data type, but the exact instrument used to measure temperature is unknown transmissometer transmissometer transmissometer Instrument used to measure transmissivity in NODC File Alias F022. turbidity sensor turbidity sensor Measures the turbidity of water Turbidity sensors measure the amount of light that is scattered by suspended solids in a liquid, such as water. When the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) in a liquid increase, the turbidity also increases. XCTD XCTD expendable conductivity, temperature, depth profiler R/V MIRAI R/V, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); built 1972 as Mutsu; renamed on 2 Dec 1996; active as Mar 2007;