noaa-forcing-5790 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-01-10 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - McElwain and Chaloner 1995 Paleozoic Paleobotanical Atmospheric CO2 Reconstruction 2006-05-01 publication doi:10.25921/c00x-2324 noaa-forcing-5790 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 McElwain, J.C. originator McElwain, J.C. author Chaloner, W.G. originator Chaloner, W.G. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Forcing. The data include parameters of plant macrofossils with a geographic location of Global. The time period coverage is from Unavailable begin date to Unavailable end date in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of changes in solar irradiance, volcanic aerosols, atmospheric trace gases, and other properties thought to influence climate in the past. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-forcing.png Paleoclimatology - Climate Forcing PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Forcing theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing|plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Atmospheric Gas Reconstruction theme What: number of samples; Material: null What: notes; Material: null What: stomatal density; Material: null What: stomatal density; Material: null What: age; Material: null What: stomatal density; Material: null What: stomatal index; Material: null What: stomatal index; Material: null What: number of samples; Material: null What: carbon dioxide; Material: null What: stomatal density; Material: null What: stomatal index; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Geographic Region > Global > Global > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: McElwain, J.C.; Chaloner, W.G. (2006-05-01): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - McElwain and Chaloner 1995 Paleozoic Paleobotanical Atmospheric CO2 Reconstruction. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/c00x-2324. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Stomatal Density and Index of Fossil Plants Track Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide in the Palaeozoic 1995 publication McElwain, J.C. and W.G. Chaloner. author Annals of Botany publisher https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1995.1112 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 1995 McElwain, J.C. and W.G. Chaloner., 1995: Stomatal Density and Index of Fossil Plants Track Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide in the Palaeozoic. Annals of Botany, 76, 389-395, 10.1006/anbo.1995.1112 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Paleo date information not available. -180 180 -90 90 1950 ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: It has been demonstrated that the leaves of a range of forest tree species have responded to the rising concentration of atmospheric CO2 over the last 200 years by a decrease in both stomatal density and stomatal index. This response has also been demonstrated experimentally by growing plants under elevated CO2 concentrations. Investigation of Quaternary fossil leaves has shown a corresponding stomatal response to changing CO2 concentrations through a glacial-interglacial cycle, as revealed by ice core data. Tertiary leaves show a similar pattern of stomatal density change, using palynological evidence of palaeo-temperature as a proxy measure of CO2 concentration. The present work extends this approach into the Palaeozoic fossil plant record. The stomatal density and index of Early Devonian, Carboniferous and Early Permian plants has been investigated, to test for any relationship that they may show with the changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration, derived from physical evidence, over that period. Observed changes in the stomatal data give support to the suggestion from physical evidence, that atmospheric CO2 concentrations fell from an Early Devonian high of 10-12 times its present value, to one comparable to that of the present day by the end of the Carboniferous. These results suggest that stomatal density of fossil leaves has potential value for assessing changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration through geological time. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/c00x-2324 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/5790 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-forcing HTTPS Information NCEI Forcing Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/mcelwain1995co2.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21