gov.noaa.nodc:0000071 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-29T12:48:43Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, water temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway observations during NOAA Ship Oceanographer, NOAA Ship Discoverer, and R/V Akademik Korolyov cruises in the Pacific and Indian Oceans from 1986-05-21 to 1989-04-20 (NCEI Accession 0000071) 2001-04-16 publication 2016-11-29 revision 2001-04-16 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.3334/cdiac/otg.ndp047 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0000071 NCEI Archive Management System 0000071 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Alex Kozyr Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) Alex.Kozyr@noaa.gov https://cisess.umd.edu/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) resourceProvider Richard Feely NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Richard H. Gammon UW School of Oceanography http://www.ocean.washington.edu HTTP UW School of Oceanography website Institution web page information collaborator Paulette P. Murphy NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) NCEI.Info@noaa.gov https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information collaborator Kimberly C. Kelly NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information collaborator Murphy, Paulette P. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Kelly, Kimberly C. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Feely, Richard A. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Gammon, Richard H. UW School of Oceanography http://www.ocean.washington.edu HTTP UW School of Oceanography website Institution web page information author NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset includes Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, water temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway observations during NOAA Ship Oceanographer, NOAA Ship Discoverer, and R/V Akademik Korolyov cruises in the Pacific and Indian Oceans from 1986-05-21 to 1989-04-20. These cruises were conducted under support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Carbon dioxide measurements in the atmosphere and in surface water were made by analyzing of mixing ratios of CO2 with an automated, temperature-controlled gas chromatographic system described by Murphy et al. (1991) and Bates et al. (1993). Instrument precision was determined by the average percent standard deviation of the standard response over a 6-hour period. The precision varied between cruises but was always less than 1.2% and was more typically around 0.4%. Air was pumped through 3/8-inch diameter, plastic-coated, aluminum tubing from the jackstaff on the bow of the ship (10 meters above the sea surface) to the oceanographic laboratory for analysis. Surface seawater entered the ship via a forward intake line located approximately 5 meters below the water level. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded NCEI Accession 0000071 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0000071 Preview graphic PNG 0000071 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2016-11-28 publication BAROMETRIC PRESSURE Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water SALINITY SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer showerhead equilibrator instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical meteorological physical surface underway theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS AKADEMIK KOROLYOV NOAA Ship Discoverer NOAA Ship Oceanographer platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Bass Strait Bering Sea Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia Coral Sea Great Australian Bight Indian Ocean North Pacific Ocean Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument Solomon Sea South Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean Tasman Sea place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NODC > National Oceanographic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/OAR/PMEL > Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOE/ORNL/ESD/CDIAC > Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian EP2-86-OC EPOCS-88-OC RITS/CO2-86 RITS/CO2-87 RITS/CO2-88 RITS/CO2-89_Leg_1 RITS/CO2-89_Leg_2 RITS/CO2-89_Leg_3 TEW-3 project Cruise ID 90AM19870501 90AM19870508 90AM19870612 project EXPOCODE Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords EPOCS-86 EPOCS-88 SAGA_II_Leg_1 SAGA_II_Leg_2 SAGA_II_Transit TEW-3 project Reference Section ID EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Surface underway theme OCADS Study Type ATM_PRE EQ_TMP FCO2_AIR FCO2_WAT SSS SST XCO2_AIR XCO2_WAT theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS EQUILIBRATORS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ships platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian AKADEMIK KOROLEV (call sign: UHQS, ICES code: 90AM) DISCOVERER (ICES code: 31DS) OCEANOGRAPHER (ICES code: 31OC) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN > BERING SEA OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Murphy, Paulette P.; Kelly, Kimberly C.; Feely, Richard A.; Gammon, Richard H. (2001). Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, water temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway observations during NOAA Ship Oceanographer, NOAA Ship Discoverer, and R/V Akademik Korolyov cruises in the Pacific and Indian Oceans from 1986-05-21 to 1989-04-20 (NCEI Accession 0000071). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.ndp047. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Murphy P. P., K. C. Kelly, R. A. Feely, and R. H. Gammon (1995). Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in Surface Water and the Atmosphere During 1986-1989 PMEL Cruises in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. ORNL/CDIAC-75, NDP-047. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, RITS/CO2-89_Leg_1. 1995 publication RITS/CO2-89_Leg_1 Murphy P. P., K. C. Kelly, R. A. Feely, and R. H. Gammon author Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) publisher Ocean CO2 [retrieved from http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/ndp047/] crossReference Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in Surface Water and the Atmosphere: PMEL Cruises 1986-1989 1994 publication https://library.oarcloud.noaa.gov/noaa_documents.lib/OAR/PMEL/TM_ERL_PMEL/TM_ERL_PMEL_101.pdf HTTPS Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in Surface Water and the Atmosphere: PMEL Cruises 1986-1989 185 pages information Murphy P. P., K. C. Kelly, R. A. Feely, and R. H. Gammon author NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information publisher NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL PMEL 101 Contribution No. 1504 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory crossReference sciencePaper Trace gases in and over the West Pacific and East Indian Oceans during the El Nino-southern oscillation event of 1987: a report of GMCC (geophysical monitoring for climatic change) data collected on the second Soviet-American Gas and Aerosol Experiment (SAGA II) 1988 publication https://discover.library.noaa.gov/permalink/01NOAA_INST/1qbesct/alma991001145179707381 HTTPS Trace gases in and over the West Pacific and East Indian Oceans during the El Nino-southern oscillation event of 1987: a report of GMCC (geophysical monitoring for climatic change) data collected on the second Soviet-American Gas and Aerosol Experiment (SAGA II) 104 pages information Butler, James H. NOAA Global Monitoring Division author Elkins, J.W.; Brunson, C.M.; Egan, K.B.; Thompson, T.M. author documentHardcopy This item is available as a hard copy in NOAA Central Library, NOAA Miami Library, NOAA Seattle Library, and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Lab. Library, Princeton, NJ crossReference sciencePaper Carbon dioxide concentrations in surface water and the atmosphere during 1986--1989 NOAA/PMEL cruises in the Pacific and Indian Oceans 1993 publication https://library.oarcloud.noaa.gov/noaa_documents.lib/OAR/PMEL/TM_ERL_PMEL/TM_ERL_PMEL_97.pdf HTTPS Carbon dioxide concentrations in surface water and the atmosphere during 1986--1989 NOAA/PMEL cruises in the Pacific and Indian Oceans 192 pages information Murphy, Dr. Paulette P. US National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ HTTPS US National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) website Institution web page information author Feely, Dr. Richard A. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory/NOAA https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Cosca, Catherine E. author Lee, Daniel C. author NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information publisher NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL PMEL 97 Contribution No. 1350 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory crossReference sciencePaper NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program Ships Of Opportunity Program (SOOP) Data 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/ HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/ Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project eng; USA utf8 environment oceans climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere 90 -90.615 -61.063 56 1986-05-21 1989-04-20 These data were acquired by NCEI from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) in accordance with an archival submission agreement between CDIAC and NCEI. In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. CSV 12.524 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0000071.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.ndp047 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/71 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/71 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0001/0000071/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0000071 v1.1 was published. 2001-04-16T04:00:00Z NCEI Accession 0000071 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0000071/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0000071 v1.1 published 2001-04-16T04:00:00Z download NCEI Accession 0000071 was revised and v2.2 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2016-11-29T04:48:24Z NCEI Accession 0000071 v2.2 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0000071/2.2 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0000071 v2.2 published 2016-11-29T04:48:24Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: SST; Abbreviation: SST; Unit: DEG_C; Controlled vocabulary name: SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: SSS; Abbreviation: SSS; Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: ATM_PRE; Abbreviation: ATM_PRE; Unit: MBAR; Controlled vocabulary name: BAROMETRIC PRESSURE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: XCO2_AIR; Abbreviation: XCO2_AIR; Unit: PPM; Controlled vocabulary name: Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: XCO2_WAT; Abbreviation: XCO2_WAT; Unit: PPM; Controlled vocabulary name: partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: FCO2_AIR; Abbreviation: FCO2_AIR; Unit: UATM; Controlled vocabulary name: Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: FCO2_WAT; Abbreviation: FCO2_WAT; Unit: UATM; Controlled vocabulary name: partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation Parameter or Variable: EQ_TMP; Abbreviation: EQ_TMP; Unit: DEG_C; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation repository NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015. 2015-04-22T00:00:00 asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. showerhead equilibrator showerhead equilibrator extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. AKADEMIK KOROLYOV Flag: Russia Vessel type: Research Built: 06.1967 IMO: 6707301 (Lloyd's Register 1995-96) NOAA Ship Discoverer Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Research Vessel (Oceanographic) DOB: 1966 IMO: 6600814 Hull Classification: R 102 History: Decommissioned as NOAA Ship DISCOVERER in 1997 NOAA Ship Oceanographer Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Research Vessel (Oceanographic) DOB: 1966 IMO: 6600826 Former Name: NOAA Ship OCEANOGRAPHER Hull Classification: OSS-01 Decommissioned by NOAA on 1996