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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/976" xlink:actuate="onRequest">NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/project/details/727" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS)</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="project">project</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>OCADS Study Type</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Ammonium</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTDOXY</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTDSAL_PSS78</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTDTEMP_ITS90</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>DIC</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Nitrate</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Nitrite</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Phosphate</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Silicate</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>TA</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Variable Abbreviations</gco:CharacterString>
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          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/79f76e22-ae42-450d-8bed-d05a800f6ea0" xlink:actuate="onRequest">AUTOANALYZER &gt; AUTOANALYZER</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/7aecabfb-0047-484f-8396-efc0da16bc20" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CO2 ANALYZERS &gt; CO2 ANALYZERS</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/01cc0beb-7c9a-40ed-ad86-0661b41aee53" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CTD &gt; Conductivity, Temperature, Depth</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/b79c7e06-cd07-442f-bf12-2019cd71c201" xlink:actuate="onRequest">NISKIN BOTTLES</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/fdcfecd6-9731-450e-94e8-5bc4c04e22a2" xlink:actuate="onRequest">OXYGEN METERS &gt; OXYGEN METERS</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/aa953a14-4581-47f8-a5b3-c8dd50904ee0" xlink:actuate="onRequest">TEMPERATURE SENSORS &gt; TEMPERATURE SENSORS</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4d3420c1-c7dc-4320-a315-026066debbd6" xlink:actuate="onRequest">THERMOSALINOGRAPHS</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="instrument">instrument</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:date>
                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
                  </gmd:date>
                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                </gmd:CI_Date>
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                <gco:CharacterString>24</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:address>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:city>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>MD</gco:CharacterString>
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                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:description>
                          <gmd:function>
                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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                      </gmd:onlineResource>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
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                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/1bb21d0f-bf48-42b5-8e09-cc0d58407e4a" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Ships</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="platform">platform</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
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                      <gmd:onlineResource>
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                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gmd:description>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:description>
                          <gmd:function>
                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      </gmd:onlineResource>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://vocab.ices.dk/services/pox/GetCodeDetail/SHIPC/33OA" xlink:actuate="onRequest">OSCAR DYSON (call sign: WTEP, ICES code: 33OA, 2005-)</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="platform">platform</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/5488b1cc-08b2-41cf-9bd2-4a2cdd0990de" xlink:actuate="onRequest">OCEAN &gt; PACIFIC OCEAN &gt; NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/d85ae1ed-4b5f-440d-aaf0-7f9d605fec3b" xlink:actuate="onRequest">OCEAN &gt; PACIFIC OCEAN &gt; NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN &gt; BERING SEA</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date>
                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
                  </gmd:date>
                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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              <gmd:edition>
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                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:city>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:city>
                          <gmd:administrativeArea>
                            <gco:CharacterString>MD</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:administrativeArea>
                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
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                          <gmd:protocol>
                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gmd:name>
                            <gco:CharacterString>GCMD Keyword Forum Page</gco:CharacterString>
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                          </gmd:description>
                          <gmd:function>
                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                          </gmd:function>
                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      </gmd:onlineResource>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Bering Sea</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>North Pacific</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Geographic Names</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_Constraints>
          <gmd:useLimitation>
            <gco:CharacterString>accessLevel: public</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:useLimitation>
        </gmd:MD_Constraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints xlink:title="NCEI Data Citation Statement">
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
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          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Cite as: Monacci, Natalie M.; Andrews, Alex G.; Bell, Shaun W.; Cross, Jessica N.; Kennedy, Esther G.; Mordy, Calvin; Pilcher, Darren J.; Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Teevan-Kamhawi, Fiona (2024). Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) and other hydrographic and chemical data collected from discrete sample and profile observations during the NOAA Ship Oscar Dyson Cruise DY2208 (EXPOCODE 33OA20220818) in the Bering Sea during the Bering Arctic and Subarctic Survey (BASIS) from 2022-08-18 to 2022-09-09 (NCEI Accession 0289932). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/hpjq-4f16. Accessed [date].</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useLimitation>
            <gco:CharacterString>Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:useLimitation>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:accessConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:accessConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints xlink:title="Provider Use Limitation Statement">
        <gmd:MD_Constraints>
          <gmd:useLimitation>
            <gco:CharacterString>If you make heavy use of these data, please contact a project member for possible collaboration. The project members normally possess insight on context and data, and collaboration leading to co-authorships promotes further sharing of data.</gco:CharacterString>
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      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:aggregationInfo>
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                    <gco:Date>2022</gco:Date>
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                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
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                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/resource/data/ecosystem-status-report-2022-eastern-bering-sea</gmd:URL>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/resource/data/ecosystem-status-report-2022-eastern-bering-sea</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Related resource</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                        <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                          <gmd:individualName gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
                          <gmd:contactInfo>
                            <gmd:CI_Contact>
                              <gmd:onlineResource>
                                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                                  <gmd:linkage>
                                    <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0289932/2.2</gmd:URL>
                                  </gmd:linkage>
                                  <gmd:protocol>
                                    <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                                  </gmd:protocol>
                                  <gmd:name>
                                    <gco:CharacterString>NCEI Accession 0289932 v2.2</gco:CharacterString>
                                  </gmd:name>
                                  <gmd:description>
                                    <gco:CharacterString>published 2024-09-20T11:37:12Z</gco:CharacterString>
                                  </gmd:description>
                                  <gmd:function>
                                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                                  </gmd:function>
                                </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                              </gmd:onlineResource>
                            </gmd:CI_Contact>
                          </gmd:contactInfo>
                          <gmd:role gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
                        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                    </gmd:CI_Citation>
                  </gmd:sourceCitation>
                </gmi:LE_Source>
              </gmi:output>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:dataQualityInfo>
    <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
      <gmd:scope>
        <gmd:DQ_Scope>
          <gmd:level>
            <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode" codeListValue="dataset">dataset</gmd:MD_ScopeCode>
          </gmd:level>
        </gmd:DQ_Scope>
      </gmd:scope>
      <gmd:lineage>
        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon;
Abbreviation: DIC;
Unit: umol kg-1;
Observation type: Profile (discrete samples);
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation;
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle;
Analyzing instrument: AIRICA;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The Automated Infra Red Inorganic Carbon Analyzer (AIRICA) by Marianda paired with a LiCOR LI-7000 Automated CO2 Analyzer was used to conduct an IR-detection of carbon dioxide with a carrier gas.;
CRM manufacturer: UCSD;
CRM batch number: 190 and 194;
Preservation method: HgCl2;
Preservative volume: Saturated, 200 uL;
Preservative correction: none;
Uncertainty: 2 umol kg-1;
Quality flag convention: Data flags: 1 = not calibrated, 2 = good, 3 = questionable, 4 = bad, 5 = not reported, 6 = interpolated over &gt; 2 dbar interval, 7 = despiked, 8 = not assigned for CTD data, 9 = not sampled;
Method reference: Monacci, N. M., Cross, J. N., Evans, W., Mathis, J. T., and Wang, H.: A decade of marine inorganic carbon chemistry observations in the northern Gulf of Alaska – insights into an environment in transition, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 647–665, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-647-2024, 2024.;
Researcher name: Natalie Monacci;
Researcher institution: UAF</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity;
Abbreviation: TA;
Unit: umol kg-1;
Observation type: Profile (discrete samples);
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation;
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle;
Analyzing instrument: VINDTA 3S;
Type of titration: HCl titrant with Metrohm automated burette;
Cell type (open or closed): open;
Curve fitting method: potentiometric;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The Versatile INstrument for the Determination of Total inorganic and titration of Alkalinity (VINDTA) by Marianda was used to conduct a potentiometric alkalinity titration with an open cell.;
CRM manufacturer: UCSD;
CRM batch number: 190 and 194;
Preservation method: HgCl2;
Preservative volume: Saturated, 200 uL;
Preservative correction: none;
Uncertainty: 2 umol kg-1;
Quality flag convention: Data flags: 1 = not calibrated, 2 = good, 3 = questionable, 4 = bad, 5 = not reported, 6 = interpolated over &gt; 2 dbar interval, 7 = despiked, 8 = not assigned for CTD data, 9 = not sampled;
Method reference: Monacci, N. M., Cross, J. N., Evans, W., Mathis, J. T., and Wang, H.: A decade of marine inorganic carbon chemistry observations in the northern Gulf of Alaska – insights into an environment in transition, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 647–665, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-647-2024, 2024.;
Researcher name: Natalie Monacci;
Researcher institution: UAF</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Silicate concentration in sea water;
Abbreviation: Silicate;
Unit: umol kg-1;
Observation type: Profile (discrete samples);
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were collected in 50 ml high-density polyethylene bottles that were rinsed first with 10% HCl prior to each station, and rinsed at least three times with sample before filling. Some samples were refrigerated for 3-12 hours prior to analysis. Nutrient samples were analyzed according to the methods of Gordon, et al (1993).;
Quality flag convention: Data flags: 1 = not calibrated, 2 = good, 3 = questionable, 4 = bad, 5 = not reported, 6 = interpolated over &gt; 2 dbar interval, 7 = despiked, 8 = not assigned for CTD data, 9 = not sampled;
Method reference: Gordon, I., Jennings, J.C., Ross, J.A., Krest, J. 1993. A Suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients (Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite and Silicic Acid) in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study. Methods Manual WHPO. 91-1. Mantoura, R.F.C., Woodward, E.M.S., 1983. Optimization of the indophenol blue method for the automated determination of ammonia in estuarine waters. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 17, 219–224.;
Researcher name: Calvin Mordy;
Researcher institution: UW CICOES</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Phosphate concentration in sea water;
Abbreviation: Phosphate;
Unit: umol kg-1;
Observation type: Profile (discrete samples);
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were collected in 50 ml high-density polyethylene bottles that were rinsed first with 10% HCl prior to each station, and rinsed at least three times with sample before filling. Some samples were refrigerated for 3-12 hours prior to analysis. Nutrient samples were analyzed according to the methods of Gordon, et al (1993).;
Quality flag convention: Data flags: 1 = not calibrated, 2 = good, 3 = questionable, 4 = bad, 5 = not reported, 6 = interpolated over &gt; 2 dbar interval, 7 = despiked, 8 = not assigned for CTD data, 9 = not sampled;
Method reference: Gordon, I., Jennings, J.C., Ross, J.A., Krest, J. 1993. A Suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients (Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite and Silicic Acid) in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study. Methods Manual WHPO. 91-1. Mantoura, R.F.C., Woodward, E.M.S., 1983. Optimization of the indophenol blue method for the automated determination of ammonia in estuarine waters. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 17, 219–224.;
Researcher name: Calvin Mordy;
Researcher institution: UW CICOES</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Nitrate concentration in sea water;
Abbreviation: Nitrate;
Unit: umol kg-1;
Observation type: Profile (discrete samples);
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were collected in 50 ml high-density polyethylene bottles that were rinsed first with 10% HCl prior to each station, and rinsed at least three times with sample before filling. Some samples were refrigerated for 3-12 hours prior to analysis. Nutrient samples were analyzed according to the methods of Gordon, et al (1993).;
Quality flag convention: Data flags: 1 = not calibrated, 2 = good, 3 = questionable, 4 = bad, 5 = not reported, 6 = interpolated over &gt; 2 dbar interval, 7 = despiked, 8 = not assigned for CTD data, 9 = not sampled;
Method reference: Gordon, I., Jennings, J.C., Ross, J.A., Krest, J. 1993. A Suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients (Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite and Silicic Acid) in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study. Methods Manual WHPO. 91-1. Mantoura, R.F.C., Woodward, E.M.S., 1983. Optimization of the indophenol blue method for the automated determination of ammonia in estuarine waters. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 17, 219–224.;
Researcher name: Calvin Mordy;
Researcher institution: UW CICOES</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Nitrite concentration in sea water;
Abbreviation: Nitrite;
Unit: umol kg-1;
Observation type: Profile (discrete samples);
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were collected in 50 ml high-density polyethylene bottles that were rinsed first with 10% HCl prior to each station, and rinsed at least three times with sample before filling. Some samples were refrigerated for 3-12 hours prior to analysis. Nutrient samples were analyzed according to the methods of Gordon, et al (1993).;
Quality flag convention: Data flags: 1 = not calibrated, 2 = good, 3 = questionable, 4 = bad, 5 = not reported, 6 = interpolated over &gt; 2 dbar interval, 7 = despiked, 8 = not assigned for CTD data, 9 = not sampled;
Method reference: Gordon, I., Jennings, J.C., Ross, J.A., Krest, J. 1993. A Suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients (Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite and Silicic Acid) in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study. Methods Manual WHPO. 91-1. Mantoura, R.F.C., Woodward, E.M.S., 1983. Optimization of the indophenol blue method for the automated determination of ammonia in estuarine waters. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 17, 219–224.;
Researcher name: Calvin Mordy;
Researcher institution: UW CICOES</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Ammonium concentration in sea water;
Abbreviation: Ammonium;
Unit: umol kg-1;
Observation type: Profile (discrete samples);
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were collected in 50 ml high-density polyethylene bottles that were rinsed first with 10% HCl prior to each station, and rinsed at least three times with sample before filling. Some samples were refrigerated for 3-12 hours prior to analysis. Nutrient samples were analyzed according to the methods of Gordon, et al (1993). Ammonium was measured using an indophenol blue method modified from Mantoura and Woodward (1983).;
Quality flag convention: Data flags: 1 = not calibrated, 2 = good, 3 = questionable, 4 = bad, 5 = not reported, 6 = interpolated over &gt; 2 dbar interval, 7 = despiked, 8 = not assigned for CTD data, 9 = not sampled;
Method reference: Gordon, I., Jennings, J.C., Ross, J.A., Krest, J. 1993. A Suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients (Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite and Silicic Acid) in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study. Methods Manual WHPO. 91-1. Mantoura, R.F.C., Woodward, E.M.S., 1983. Optimization of the indophenol blue method for the automated determination of ammonia in estuarine waters. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 17, 219–224.;
Researcher name: Calvin Mordy;
Researcher institution: UW CICOES</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Sea water temperature;
Abbreviation: CTDTEMP_ITS90;
Unit: C;
Observation type: Profile (discrete samples);
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Sampling instrument: CTD911 and 12L Niskin bottle;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A profiling CTD 911 was used to collect the conductivity, temperature, and depth data at each station. Data are processed using Seabird CTD software and calibration file. Post-processing includes filtering extreme outliers, extrapolation of values from the top value collected at ~3-5m to the surface. Each cast is visually reviewed for reasonableness and density inversions (greater than 0.02 sigma-t) caused by spurious measurements. This process is facilitated by comparison of the outputs of the 2 temperature and conductivity sensors. Profile data are bin-averaged to 1 meter.;
Uncertainty: 0.002;
Quality flag convention: Data flags: 1 = not calibrated, 2 = good, 3 = questionable, 4 = bad, 5 = not reported, 6 = interpolated over &gt; 2 dbar interval, 7 = despiked, 8 = not assigned for CTD data, 9 = not sampled;
Researcher name: Shaun Bell;
Researcher institution: NOAA PMEL</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Sea water salinity;
Abbreviation: CTDSAL_PSS78;
Unit: PSU;
Observation type: Profile (discrete samples);
Measured or calculated: Calculated;
Sampling instrument: CTD;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A profiling CTD 911 was used to collect the conductivity, temperature, and depth data at each station. Data are processed using Seabird CTD software and calibration file. Post-processing includes filtering extreme outliers, extrapolation of values from the top value collected at ~3-5m to the surface. Each cast is visually reviewed for reasonableness and density inversions (greater than 0.02 sigma-t) caused by spurious measurements. This process is facilitated by comparison of the outputs of the 2 temperature and conductivity sensors. Profile data are bin-averaged to 1 meter.;
Uncertainty: 0.002;
Quality flag convention: Data flags: 1 = not calibrated, 2 = good, 3 = questionable, 4 = bad, 5 = not reported, 6 = interpolated over &gt; 2 dbar interval, 7 = despiked, 8 = not assigned for CTD data, 9 = not sampled;
Researcher name: Shaun Bell;
Researcher institution: NOAA PMEL</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Dissolved oxygen concentration in sea water;
Abbreviation: CTDOXY;
Unit: umol kg-1;
Observation type: Profile (discrete samples);
Measured or calculated: Calculated;
Sampling instrument: CTD;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: In situ data was collected from a profiling CTD 911 paired with a SBE 43 to collect dissolved oxygen data at each depth. Data were originally processed to filter out extreme outliers and reviewed for reasonableness, along with other profile data. Oxygen was recorded in ml/l, and was corrected and converted into units of umol/kg using a Winkler Slope Correction: 0.958.;
Uncertainty: 1 umol kg-1;
Quality flag convention: Data flags: 1 = not calibrated, 2 = good, 3 = questionable, 4 = bad, 5 = not reported, 6 = interpolated over &gt; 2 dbar interval, 7 = despiked, 8 = not assigned for CTD data, 9 = not sampled;
Researcher name: Shaun Bell and Calvin Mordy;
Researcher institution: NOAA PMEL</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:metadataMaintenance>
    <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
      <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="asNeeded">asNeeded</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
      </gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:maintenanceNote>
      <gmd:contact>
        <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          <gmd:organisationName>
            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:organisationName>
          <gmd:role>
            <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
          </gmd:role>
        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
      </gmd:contact>
    </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
  </gmd:metadataMaintenance>
  <gmi:acquisitionInformation>
    <gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation id="AMS">
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be58">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>measures gaseous carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water.

To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bee7">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>CTD</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTD</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be3d">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>Niskin bottle</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>Niskin bottle</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth

Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle?</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be48">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>nutrient autoanalyzer</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>nutrient autoanalyzer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Laboratory Instrument

Nutrient Autoanalyzer is a generic term describing an automated flow-thru system used to conduct analyses of several different nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, and silicate) simultaneously from a seawater sample.

For example:
SEAL AutoAnalyzer 3 HR Continuous Segmented Flow Analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bef4">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>oxygen sensor</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>oxygen sensor</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Any instrument that measures oxygen content in a compound.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be41">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>temperature sensor</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>temperature sensor</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>A sensor used to measure temperature.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bec4">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>thermosalinograph</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>thermosalinograph</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>automated sea surface temperature and salinity instrument, usually attached to the hull of a ship

Thermosalinograph is an automated Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity measurement system making measurement on board a ship using a water intake.
[https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/tsg/about.php 2021-01-29]</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be28">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>titrator</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>titrator</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>titrator</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_9736">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Ship Oscar Dyson</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Title: NOAA Ship
Flag: United States of America
Vessel Type: Fishing Vessel; Oceanographic Research; Ice Strengthened
DOB: Jan 2005
IMO: 9270335</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
    </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>