gov.noaa.nodc:0160558 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-24T13:02:33Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) An observation-based global monthly gridded sea surface pCO2 and air-sea CO2 flux product from 1982 onward and its monthly climatology (NCEI Accession 0160558) 2017-02-20 publication 2026-03-16 revision 2017-02-20 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.7289/v5z899n6 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0160558 NCEI Archive Management System 0160558 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Peter Landschützer Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) peter.landschuetzer@mpimet.mpg.de http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Annika Jersild Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC/CISESS) ajersild@umd.edu principalInvestigator Peter Landschützer Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) peter.landschuetzer@mpimet.mpg.de http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Nicolas Gruber Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP) nicolas.gruber@env.ethz.ch http://www.ibp.ethz.ch/ HTTP Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP) website Institution web page information collaborator Dorothee Bakker University of East Anglia (UEA) D.Bakker@uea.ac.uk https://www.uea.ac.uk/ HTTPS University of East Anglia (UEA) website Institution web page information collaborator Jersild, Annika Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC/CISESS) author Landschützer, Peter Flanders Marine Institute http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information author Gruber, Nicolas Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics http://www.ibp.ethz.ch/ HTTP Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP) website Institution web page information author Bakker, Dorothee C. E. University of East Anglia https://www.uea.ac.uk/ HTTPS University of East Anglia (UEA) website Institution web page information author Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg (MPI) contributor Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) http://www.vliz.be HTTP Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset contains observation-based pCO2 data and a derived monthly climatology. The observation-based pCO2 fields were created using a 2-step neural network method extensively described and validated in Landschützer et al. 2013, 2014, 2016. The method first clusters the global ocean into biogeochemical provinces and in a second step reconstructs the non-liner relationship between CO2 driver variables and observations from the v2024 release of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT, Bakker et al. 2016). This file contains the resulting monthly pCO2 fields at 1°x1° resolution covering the global ocean for the first time including the Arctic Ocean and few marginal seas (see Landschützer et al 2020). The air-sea CO2 fluxes are computed from the air-sea CO2 partial pressure difference and a bulk gas transfer formulation following Landschützer et al. 2013, 2014, 2016. Furthermore, the monthly climatology is created from the monthly average of the period 1985-present. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded NCEI Accession 0160558 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0160558 Preview graphic PNG 0160558 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2026-03-13 publication AIR-SEA DIFFERENCE - PARTIAL PRESSURE (OR FUGACITY) OF CARBON DIOXIDE AIR-SEA FLUX - PARTIAL PRESSURE (OR FUGACITY) OF CARBON DIOXIDE Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical surface underway theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS Flanders Marine Institute Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Flanders Marine Institute dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS World-Wide Distribution place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication BE/VLIZ > Flanders Marine Institute, Belgium MPI-M > Max Planck Institute for Meteorology dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Climatology Data synthesis product Surface underway theme OCADS Study Type PCO2_WAT Fields theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian GEOGRAPHIC REGION > GLOBAL OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian World Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Jersild, Annika; Landschützer, Peter; Gruber, Nicolas; Bakker, Dorothee C. E. (2017). An observation-based global monthly gridded sea surface pCO2 and air-sea CO2 flux product from 1982 onward and its monthly climatology (NCEI Accession 0160558). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5z899n6. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license This dataset is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. SPDX License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) Landschützer, P., N. Gruber, D.C.E. Bakker, and U. Schuster (2014). An observation-based global monthly gridded sea surface pCO2 product from 1998 through 2011 and its monthly climatology. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, An observation-based global monthly gridded sea surface pCO2 product from 1998 through 2011 and its monthly climatology. 2014 publication An observation-based global monthly gridded sea surface pCO2 product from 1998 through 2011 and its monthly climatology Landschützer, P., N. Gruber, D.C.E. Bakker, and U. Schuster author Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) publisher Ocean CO2 [retrieved from http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/spco2_1998_2011_ETH_SOM-FFN] crossReference Landschützer, P., Gruber, N., & Bakker, D. C. E. (2016). Decadal variations and trends of the global ocean carbon sink. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 30(10), 1396–1417. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005359 2016-10 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005359 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005359 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005359 related journal article information Landschützer, Peter Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland author Gruber, Nicolas Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland author Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK author American Geophysical Union (AGU) publisher documentDigital Global Biogeochemical Cycles 30(10) ISSN 0886-6236, ISSN 1944-9224, pp. 1396-1417 crossReference project Landschützer, P., Gruber, N., Bakker, D. C. E., & Schuster, U. (2014). Recent variability of the global ocean carbon sink. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 28(9), 927–949. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gb004853 2014-09 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gb004853 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gb004853 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gb004853 related journal article information Landschützer, P. Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland author Gruber, N. Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland author Bakker, D. C. E. Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK author Schuster, U. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hatherly Laboratories University of Exeter Exeter UK author American Geophysical Union (AGU) publisher documentDigital Global Biogeochemical Cycles 28(9) ISSN 0886-6236, ISSN 1944-9224, pp. 927-949 crossReference project An observation-based global monthly gridded sea surface pCO2 product from 1982 onward and its monthly climatology 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/SPCO2_1982_present_ETH_SOM_FFN.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/SPCO2_1982_present_ETH_SOM_FFN.html Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -180 180 -89.5 89.5 1988-01-01 2025-12-31 These data were acquired by NCEI from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) in accordance with an archival submission agreement between CDIAC and NCEI. In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number. 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CSV 11851.576 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0160558.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.7289/v5z899n6 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/160558 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/160558 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0105/0160558/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0160558 v1.1 was published. 2017-02-20T16:09:02Z NCEI Accession 0160558 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0160558/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0160558 v1.1 published 2017-02-20T16:09:02Z download NCEI Accession 0160558 was revised and v2.2 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2017-07-21T22:31:52Z NCEI Accession 0160558 v2.2 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0160558/2.2 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0160558 v2.2 published 2017-07-21T22:31:52Z download NCEI Accession 0160558 was revised and v3.3 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2017-08-31T04:47:17Z NCEI Accession 0160558 v3.3 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0160558/3.3 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0160558 v3.3 published 2017-08-31T04:47:17Z download NCEI Accession 0160558 was revised and v4.4 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2019-03-28T18:45:07Z NCEI Accession 0160558 v4.4 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0160558/4.4 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0160558 v4.4 published 2019-03-28T18:45:07Z download NCEI Accession 0160558 was revised and v5.5 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2020-07-10T18:24:34Z NCEI Accession 0160558 v5.5 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0160558/5.5 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0160558 v5.5 published 2020-07-10T18:24:34Z download NCEI Accession 0160558 was revised and v6.6 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2021-11-19T21:12:50Z NCEI Accession 0160558 v6.6 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0160558/6.6 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0160558 v6.6 published 2021-11-19T21:12:50Z download NCEI Accession 0160558 was revised and v7.7 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2023-04-21T21:54:54Z NCEI Accession 0160558 v7.7 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0160558/7.7 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0160558 v7.7 published 2023-04-21T21:54:54Z download NCEI Accession 0160558 was revised and v8.8 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2024-05-20T22:19:03Z NCEI Accession 0160558 v8.8 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0160558/8.8 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0160558 v8.8 published 2024-05-20T22:19:03Z download NCEI Accession 0160558 was revised and v9.9 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2026-03-16T16:18:48Z NCEI Accession 0160558 v9.9 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0160558/9.9 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0160558 v9.9 published 2026-03-16T16:18:48Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: PCO2_WAT Fields; Abbreviation: PCO2_WAT Fields; Controlled vocabulary name: partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.