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              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Digital Image Transect Method: 1. Field Recording Data are taken using a digital waterproof cameras. 20 digital images are taken on each of the 10 transects of each line, or 200 per survey. The photographer follows the following procedure: While on the surface, the diver photographs the landmark "line-ups" used to locate the site. These serve to identify the tape if there is any question of proper labeling. Also, the images can be subsequently printed and laminated for use when relocating the site. In many cases the use of landmarks is faster and more convenient than using the GPS position to relocate the transect site. The diver then goes to the bottom and videotapes a full 360 degree panorama of the site as part of the permanent image record. The diver proceeds to the start of the first 10 m transect and records the transect number on the video through use of hand signals in front of the camera (number of fingers representing transect no.). The photographer then moves slowly (4 min per transect) along the 10 m transect while filming the bottom at a distance of 0.5 m. Initially a rod attached to the camera was used to insure proper distance from the bottom. This has been replaced with two small underwater lasers that cross at 0.5 m, allowing the photographer to hold the distance constant by keeping an overlap on the two red laser dots. Each of the 10 transects along the 100 m spine line is recorded in this manner. Brown, E, E Cox, B Tissot, K Rodgers, and W Smith (1999). Evaluation of benthic sampling methods considered for the Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (CRAMP) in Hawaii. International Conference on Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment, Monitoring, and Restoration. April 14-16, Ft. Lauderdale, FL. Connell, J H, T P Hughes, C C Wallace (1997). A 30-year study of coral abundance, recruitment, and disturbance at several scales in space and time. Ecol. Mono. 67(4): 461-488. Friedlander, Alan and Parrish, James 1998. Habitat characteristics affecting fish assemblages on a Hawaiian coral reef. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 224: 1-30. Green, R H and S R Smith (1997). Sample program design and environmental impact assessment on coral reef. Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium. 2: 1459-1464. McCormick, Mark 1994. Comparison of field methods for measuring surface topography and their associations with a tropical reef fish assemblage. Marine Ecology Progress Series 112: 87-96.</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Dr. Paul Jokiel</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawaii</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Translated from FGDC 2025-03-24T17:48:34.164Z</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>(808) 956-2352</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Dept. of Oceanography</gco:CharacterString>
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