gov.noaa.nodc:0221526 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-05-08T13:07:20Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Mapped Observation-Based Oceanic Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), monthly climatology from January to December (based on observations between 2004 and 2017), from the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology (MOBO-DIC_MPIM) (NCEI Accession 0221526) 2020-11-06 publication 2020-11-02 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/yvzj-zx46 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0221526 NCEI Archive Management System 0221526 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Lydia Keppler Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) lydia.keppler@mpimet.mpg.de https://scripps.ucsd.edu/ HTTPS Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg (MPI) resourceProvider Lydia Keppler Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg (MPI) lydia.keppler@mpimet.mpg.de principalInvestigator Peter Landschützer Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg (MPI) peter.landschuetzer@mpimet.mpg.de principalInvestigator Nicolas Gruber Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP) nicolas.gruber@env.ethz.ch http://www.ibp.ethz.ch/ HTTP Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Siv K. Lauvset University of Bergen sivk@norceresearch.no principalInvestigator Irene Stemmler Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg (MPI) principalInvestigator Keppler, Lydia Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg (MPI) author Landschützer, Peter Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg (MPI) author Gruber, Nicolas Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP) http://www.ibp.ethz.ch/ HTTP Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP) website Institution web page information author Lauvset, Siv K. University of Bergen author Stemmler, Irene Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg (MPI) author Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg (MPI) contributor tableDigital This dataset contains mapped observation-based oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), monthly climatology from January to December (based on observations between 2004 and 2017), from the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology (MOBO-DIC_MPIM). The SOM-FFN approach by Landschützer et al. (2013) was extended and applied to obtain time-varying gap-filled mapped fields of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the water column. In the SOM-FFN approach, the first step is to cluster the ocean into regions of similar physical and biogeochemical properties using self-organizing maps (SOM). In the second step, a feed-forward network (FFN) is run in each SOM-cluster to approximate and apply the statistical relationship between the target data (here: DIC), and better constrained predictor data that are available as mapped global fields. The SOM-FFN method was adjusted and in several ways compared to the original method by Landschützer et al. (2013), that mapped oceanic surface pCO2. As we map the DIC in the water column, we extended the mapping grid from three dimensions (latitude, longitude, and time), to four (latitude, longitude, time, and depth), and instead of monthly inter-annual fields, we resolved a monthly climatology based on the period from 2004 through 2017. As different predictors are available and/or meaningful when mapping DIC in the water column, we also have a different set of predictor data compared to the approach used by Landschützer et al. (2013). To overcome potential biases in the random selection of training and internal validation data, a bootstrapping approach was used, running the SOM-FFN method ten times. The mean across this ensemble was taken as the final DIC field. We defined the standard deviation across the ensemble as the uncertainty within the method, and name it ensemble spread. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. Funding Information: European Community (The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Horizon 2020 Project under grant agreement no. 821003 (4C), 821003 (4C)) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0221526 Preview graphic PNG 0221526 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2020-10-26 publication DEPTH - OBSERVATION DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) LATITUDE LONGITUDE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS chemical theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS The Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Indian Ocean North Atlantic Ocean North Pacific Ocean South Atlantic Ocean South Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication MPI-M > Max Planck Institute for Meteorology dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Various project Cruise ID Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Data synthesis product theme OCADS Study Type DIC DIC_err depth lat lon month theme Provider Variable Abbreviations CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Keppler, Lydia; Landschützer, Peter; Gruber, Nicolas; Lauvset, Siv K.; Stemmler, Irene (2020). Mapped Observation-Based Oceanic Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), monthly climatology from January to December (based on observations between 2004 and 2017), from the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology (MOBO-DIC_MPIM) (NCEI Accession 0221526). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/yvzj-zx46. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Keppler, L., Landschützer, P., Gruber, N., Lauvset, S. K., & Stemmler, I. (2020). Seasonal Carbon Dynamics in the Near‐Global Ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 34(12). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gb006571 2020-12 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gb006571 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gb006571 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gb006571 related journal article information Keppler, L. Max‐Planck‐Institute for Meteorology Hamburg Germany author Landschützer, P. International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling Hamburg Germany author Gruber, N. Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland author Lauvset, S. K. NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Bergen Norway author Stemmler, I. Max‐Planck‐Institute for Meteorology Hamburg Germany author American Geophysical Union (AGU) publisher documentDigital Global Biogeochemical Cycles 34(12) ISSN 0886-6236, ISSN 1944-9224 crossReference project NDP-104 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/ndp_104/ndp104.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/ndp_104/ndp104.html Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project Müller, Jens Daniel; Gruber, Nicolas; Carter, Brendan R.; Feely, Richard A.; Ishii, Masao; Lange, Nico; Lauvset, Siv K.; Murata, Akihiko; Olsen, Are; Pérez, Fiz F.; Sabine, Christopher L.; Tanhua, Toste; Wanninkhof, Rik; Zhu, Donghe (2023). Decadal Trends in the Oceanic Storage of Anthropogenic Carbon from 1994 to 2014 (NCEI Accession 0279447). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/ppcf-w020. 2023-06-28 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25921/ppcf-w020 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0279447 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0279447.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0279447.html Related dataset information Müller, Jens Daniel ETH Zurich http://www.ethz.ch HTTP ETH Zurich website Institution web page information author Gruber, Nicolas ETH Zurich http://www.ethz.ch HTTP ETH Zurich website Institution web page information author Carter, Brendan R. University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) https://cicoes.uw.edu/ HTTPS University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) website Institution web page information author Feely, Richard A. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) website Institution web page information author Ishii, Masao Meteorological Research Institute Japan (MRI) author Lange, Nico GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) nlange@geomar.de http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Lauvset, Siv K. NORCE Norwegian Research Centre https://www.norceresearch.no/en/ HTTPS NORCE Norwegian Research Centre website Institution web page information author Murata, Akihiko Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC) http://www.jamstec.go.jp HTTP Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) website Institution web page information author Olsen, Are University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute (GFI) author Pérez, Fiz F. Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas de Vigo (IIM) https://www.iim.csic.es/ HTTPS Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas de Vigo (IIM) website Institution web page information author Sabine, Christopher L. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) https://manoa.hawaii.edu/ HTTPS University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (UHM) website Institution web page information author Tanhua, Toste GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) http://www.geomar.de/ HTTP GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) website Institution web page information author Wanninkhof, Rik NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information author Zhu, Donghe ETH Zurich http://www.ethz.ch HTTP ETH Zurich website Institution web page information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans -179.5 179.5 -64.5 64.5 2004-01-01 2017-12-01 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 289.78 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0221526.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/yvzj-zx46 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/221526 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/221526 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0162/0221526/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0221526 v1.1 was published. 2020-11-06T20:39:06Z NCEI Accession 0221526 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0221526/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0221526 v1.1 published 2020-11-06T20:39:06Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC in µmol kg-1, on the grid: lon, lat, depth, month); Abbreviation: DIC; Unit: µmol kg-1 Parameter or Variable: Ensemble spread (DIC_err in µmol kg-1, on the grid: lon, lat, depth, month); Abbreviation: DIC_err; Unit: µmol kg-1 Parameter or Variable: Longitude (lon; 179.5°W to 179.5°E, at 1° resolution); Abbreviation: lon; Unit: degrees_east Parameter or Variable: Latitude (lat; 64.5°N to 64.5°S, at 1° resolution); Abbreviation: lat; Unit: degrees_north Parameter or Variable: Depth (depth; from 2.5 m to 1975 m, on 33 depth levels); Abbreviation: depth; Unit: meters Parameter or Variable: Month of the year (month; 1 to 12); Abbreviation: month; Unit: µmol/kg asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water. VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS