noaa-model-31572 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-04-24 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Global Ocean 25,000 Year Atmosphere-Ocean CO2 Exchange Model Output 2020-10-19 publication doi:10.25921/anwb-q018 noaa-model-31572 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Shao, J. originator Shao, J. author Stott, L.D. originator Stott, L.D. author Gray, W.R. originator Gray, W.R. author Greenop, R. originator Greenop, R. author Pecher, I. originator Pecher, I. author Neil, H.L. originator Neil, H.L. author Coffin, R.B. originator Coffin, R.B. author Davy, B. originator Davy, B. author Rae, J.W.B. originator Rae, J.W.B. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Paleoclimatology Modeling. The data include parameters of paleoclimatic modeling with a geographic location of Global Ocean. The time period coverage is from 25000 to 0 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Computer simulations of past climate. Variables provided as model output are described by parameter keyword. In some cases the parameter keywords are a subset of all archived model output, and additional output is available upon request. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-model.png Paleoclimatology - Modeling PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling earth science > paleoclimate > model > atmosphere model earth science > paleoclimate > model > ocean model theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian carbon cycle theme What: delta 13C; Material: dissolved inorganic carbon What: dissolved phosphate; Material: sea water What: magnesium; Material: sea water What: Delta 14C; Material: dissolved inorganic carbon What: carbon dioxide; Material: sea water What: aragonite saturation state; Material: sea water What: delta 13C; Material: organic matter What: delta 13C; Material: organic matter What: notes; Material: null What: calcite; Material: sea water What: organic carbon; Material: null What: organic carbon; Material: null What: phosphorus; Material: null What: calcium carbonate; Material: null What: sea water temperature; Material: null What: organic carbon; Material: null What: delta 13C; Material: calcium carbonate What: mineral matter; Material: null What: mineral matter; Material: null What: organic carbon; Material: null What: sea water x velocity; Material: null What: sea water salinity; Material: null What: dissolved oxygen; Material: sea water What: sea water y velocity; Material: null What: organic carbon; Material: null What: calcium; Material: sea water What: carbon dioxide; Material: sea water What: phosphorus; Material: null What: mineral matter; Material: null What: organic carbon; Material: null What: delta 13C; Material: carbonate ion What: phosphorus; Material: organic matter What: carbon dioxide; Material: sea water What: hydrogen carbonate; Material: sea water What: calcium carbonate; Material: null What: calcium carbonate; Material: null What: pH; Material: sea water What: export; Material: null What: dissolved inorganic carbon; Material: sea water What: notes; Material: null What: carbonate ion; Material: sea water What: calcite saturation state; Material: sea water What: pH; Material: sea water What: mineral matter; Material: null What: calcium carbonate; Material: null What: upward sea water velocity; Material: null What: delta 13C; Material: carbon dioxide What: delta 13C; Material: hydrogen carbonate What: Delta 14C; Material: dissolved inorganic carbon What: alkalinity; Material: sea water What: carbon; Material: organic matter What: hydrogen ion; Material: sea water What: aragonite; Material: sea water What: organic carbon; Material: null What: calcium carbonate; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Geographic Region > Global Ocean > Global Ocean > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Shao, J.; Stott, L.D.; Gray, W.R.; Greenop, R.; Pecher, I.; Neil, H.L.; Coffin, R.B.; Davy, B.; Rae, J.W.B. (2020-10-19): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Global Ocean 25,000 Year Atmosphere-Ocean CO2 Exchange Model Output. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/anwb-q018. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Atmosphere-cean CO2 Exchange Across the Last Deglaciation From the Boron Isotope Proxy 2019 publication Jun Shao, Lowell D. Stott, William R. Gray, Rosanna Greenop, Ingo Pecher, Helen L. Neil, Richard B. Coffin, Bryan Davy, James W.B. Rae author Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology publisher https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003498 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2019 Jun Shao, Lowell D. Stott, William R. Gray, Rosanna Greenop, Ingo Pecher, Helen L. Neil, Richard B. Coffin, Bryan Davy, James W.B. Rae, 2019: Atmosphere-cean CO2 Exchange Across the Last Deglaciation From the Boron Isotope Proxy. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 34, 1650-1670, 10.1029/2018PA003498 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 25000 cal yr BP to 0 cal yr BP; -180 180 -80 90 -23050 1950 STUDY NOTES: Transient simulation of ocean carbonate chemistry forced by ice core records of CO2 over the last 25 ka, starting from 3 different initial 'LGM like' scenarios with atmospheric pCO2 at ~180ppm. Output files are 4D netcdf files: 25ka_ALK_addition_3d.nc, 25ka_CaCO3_addition_fields_biogem_3d.nc, 25ka_DIC_removal_3d.nc ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Identifying processes within the Earth System that have modulated atmospheric pCO2 during each glacial cycle of the late Pleistocene stands as one of the grand challenges in climate science. The growing array of surface ocean pH estimates from the boron isotope proxy across the last glacial termination may reveal regions of the ocean that influenced the timing and magnitude of pCO2 rise. Here we present two new boron isotope records from the subtropical-subpolar transition zone of the Southwest Pacific that span the last 20 kyr, as well as new radiocarbon data from the same cores. The new data suggest this region was a source of carbon to the atmosphere rather than a moderate sink as it is today. Significantly higher outgassing is observed between ~16.5 and 14 kyr BP, associated with increasing d13C and [CO3]2- at depth, suggesting loss of carbon from the intermediate ocean to the atmosphere. We use these new boron isotope records together with existing records to build a composite pH/pCO2 curve for the surface oceans. The pH disequilibrium/CO2 outgassing was widespread throughout the last deglaciation, likely explained by upwelling of CO2 from the deep/intermediate ocean. During the Holocene, a smaller outgassing peak is observed at a time of relatively stable atmospheric CO2, which may be explained by regrowth of the terrestrial biosphere countering ocean CO2 release. Our stack is likely biased toward upwelling/CO2 source regions. Nevertheless, the composite pCO2 curve provides robust evidence that various parts of the ocean were releasing CO2 to the atmosphere over the last 25 kyr. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/anwb-q018 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/31572 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoclimatology-modeling HTTPS Information NCEI Paleoclimatology Modeling Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/shao2019/readme-shao2019.txt HTTPS Download /gcmoutput/shao2019/readme-shao2019.txt Readme download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/shao2019/ HTTPS Download /gcmoutput/shao2019/ Data Folder download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21