noaa-historical-22830 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2022-03-22 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Climate in China during the Little Ice Age 2017-05-19 publication doi:10.25921/8x99-ea91 noaa-historical-22830 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Wang, S.W. originator Wang, S.W. author Ye, J.L. originator Ye, J.L. author Gong, D.Y. originator Gong, D.Y. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Historical. The data include parameters of climate reconstructions|historical with a geographic location of China, Eastern Asia. The time period coverage is from 570 to -40 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past climate and environment from historical references and documentary evidence such as church records, harvest dates, and diaries. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-historical.png Paleoclimatology - Historical PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|historical earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|historical earth science > paleoclimate > historical theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian What: temperature index; Material: null What: age; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Continent > Asia > Eastern Asia > China > Fujian and Taiwan China > LATITUDE 24 > LONGITUDE 121 Continent > Asia > Eastern Asia > China > South China > LATITUDE 23 > LONGITUDE 114 Continent > Asia > Eastern Asia > China > Central China > LATITUDE 29 > LONGITUDE 113 Continent > Asia > Eastern Asia > China > East China region > LATITUDE 34 > LONGITUDE 120 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Wang, S.W.; Ye, J.L.; Gong, D.Y. (2017-05-19): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Climate in China during the Little Ice Age. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/8x99-ea91. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. 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Climate in China during the Little Ice Age 1998 publication Wang, S.W.;Ye, J.L.;Gong, D.Y author Quaternary Sciences publisher crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 1380 CE to 1990 CE; Date Range: 570 cal yr BP to -40 cal yr BP; 113 121 23 34 1380 1990 STUDY NOTES: Elevation estimated from GoogleEarth; rounded to 100 m ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Usually, 1550-1850, while the climate was relatively cold, was called as the Little Ice Age. 30-year mean temperature in the coddle latitude of the Northern Hemisphere during the Little Ice Age was generally 1.0°C lower than the observed in the coddle and late present century. Lowering of temperature increased to 1.5-2.0°C in the higher latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. Zhu had indicated in 1973 that cold winters in China were concentrated in three Periods; 1470-1520, 1620-1720, and 1840-1890, though he did not use the terminology of the Little Ice Age. Wang had reconstructed in 1990 decadal mean seasonal temperature anomalies of North and East China for the period of 1470's to 1980's. It provided at the firstbine an opportunity to examine the Little Ice Age in China based on a homogeneous temperature series. Wang et al. (1990) then identified three cold periods, which had been denoted as I, II, and III. Moreover, two colder stages were found in each of the cold periods, which were indicated as foot note 1 or 2. The cold stages in China were as follows: I. 1 1450's-1470's, or I. 2 1490's-1510's, II. 1 1560's-1600's, II. 2 1620's- 1690's, III. 1 1790's-1810's and III. 2 1830' s-1890's. Recently, annual temperature series of 1880-1996 were constructed for each often regions of China, which covered whole territory of China, including Tibet and Taiwan. It provided good bases for reconstruction of temperature series for the last 500 to 1000 years. In the following, data sources used in reconstruction were outlined from region to region. (1) Northeast. Tree-ring data was used to reconstruct annual temperature between 1748 to 1880 (Wei Sonlin personal communication). New tree-ring data of ShaoXuemei was used for the period 1600 to 1748. (2) North. Decadal mean temperature anomaly series were used, which were reconstructed by Wang on the basis of documentary data. (3) East The same as used for North. (4) South. Decadal mean temperature anomaly series were reconstructed recently by using of the same method as for the North and East China. (5) Taiwan. The same as for South. (6) Central-South. Decadal mean temperature series were reconstructed by YeYuyuan et al. (Personal communication ) on the basis of documentary data. (7) Southwest. The same as used for South. (8) Northwest. Ice core δ18O data in Dunde were used. (9) Xinjiang. Ice core δ18O data in Guliya were used. (10) Tibet. Tree-ring data of Kang Xingcheng were used. Decadal means of temperature are used in present study, for the limit of the resolution of proxy data. Firstly, all kinds of the proxy dare are normalized, and then the regional standard deviation of decadal mean temperature is multiplied, which was calculated by using of observatory data of 1961-1990. It insures the homogeneity of the series. Finally, regional decadal-mean temperature anomaly series are obtained. However, the length of the series varies from region to region. The longest series available now are that for Xinjiang, Northwest and Tibet. Historical documents allow to reconstruct the series only since 1380 to 1470, for the scarce of dare in early time. However, this is the first time one can examine the Little Ice Age in the whole territory of China. Main results are as following: (1) To establish the series of China, regional temperature anomalies are averaged with the weighting factors, which are proportional to the size of the region. (2) All of the regional series positively correlate to the series of China.Maximum correlation coefficients are found between Northwest Tibet on the one hand and National on the others. (3) Ten regions can be divided into three groups: 1) Mainland areal, including North, Ease Northwest and Tibet. 2) South territory, including South, Central-South and Southwest. 3) Surrounding area including Xinjiang and Northeast. (4) Five cold periods are identified for the last millennium; 1100's- 1150' s, 1300' s- 1390' s, 1450' s- 1510' s, 1560' s- 1690's and 1790' s- 1890' s. However, temperature anomaly varied from region to region in each of the cold periods. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. 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Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/8x99-ea91 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/22830 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/fire-history HTTPS Information NCEI Historical Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Asi-CentralChina.Wang.1998.lpd HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Asi-CentralChina.Wang.1998.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Asi-SouthChina.Wang.1998.lpd HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/asia/china/east-china-little-ice-age-climate.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Asi-SouthChina.Wang.1998.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Asi-EastChina.Wang.1998.lpd HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Asi-EastChina.Wang.1998.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/asia/china/fujian-china-little-ice-age-climate.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Asi-Fujian.Wang.1998.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/asia/china/central-china-little-ice-age-climate.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/pages2k-temperature-v2-2017/data-version-2.0.0/Asi-Fujian.Wang.1998.lpd HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/asia/china/south-china-little-ice-age-climate.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21