noaa-recon-10452 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-01-28 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Southern South America Multiproxy 1100 Year Temperature Reconstructions 2010-03-31 publication doi:10.25921/r902-p651 noaa-recon-10452 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Neukom, R. originator Neukom, R. author Luterbacher, J. originator Luterbacher, J. author Villalba, R. originator Villalba, R. author Küttel, M. originator Küttel, M. author Frank, D.C. originator Frank, D.C. author Jones, P.D. originator Jones, P.D. author Grosjean, M. originator Grosjean, M. author Wanner, H. originator Wanner, H. author Aravena, J.C. originator Aravena, J.C. author Black, D.E. originator Black, D.E. author Christie, D.A. originator Christie, D.A. author D'Arrigo, R.D. originator D'Arrigo, R.D. author Lara, A. originator Lara, A. author Morales, M.S. originator Morales, M.S. author Soliz-Gamboa, C. originator Soliz-Gamboa, C. author Srur, A.M. originator Srur, A.M. author Urrutia, R. originator Urrutia, R. author von Gunten, L. originator von Gunten, L. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Climate Reconstruction. The data include parameters of climate reconstructions with a geographic location of South America. The time period coverage is from 1050 to -45 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables derived from paleoclimate proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-recon.png Paleoclimatology - Climate Reconstruction PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > reconstructions > air temperature theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Air Temperature Reconstruction Medieval Warm Period PAGES 2k Network PAGES LOTRED SA2k theme What: surface temperature; Material: multiple proxies What: surface temperature; Material: multiple proxies What: surface temperature; Material: multiple proxies What: surface temperature; Material: multiple proxies What: surface temperature; Material: multiple proxies What: surface temperature; Material: multiple proxies What: surface temperature; Material: multiple proxies What: age; Material: null What: surface temperature; Material: multiple proxies theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Continent > South America > Southern South America > LATITUDE -42.25 > LONGITUDE -55.25 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Neukom, R.; Luterbacher, J.; Villalba, R.; Küttel, M.; Frank, D.C.; Jones, P.D.; Grosjean, M.; Wanner, H.; Aravena, J.C.; Black, D.E.; Christie, D.A.; D'Arrigo, R.D.; Lara, A.; Morales, M.S.; Soliz-Gamboa, C.; Srur, A.M.; Urrutia, R.; von Gunten, L. (2010-03-31): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Southern South America Multiproxy 1100 Year Temperature Reconstructions. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/r902-p651. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Multiproxy summer and winter surface air temperature field reconstructions for southern South America covering the past centuries 2011 publication Neukom, R., J. Luterbacher, R. Villalba, M. Küttel, D. Frank, P.D. Jones, M. Grosjean, H. Wanner, J.-C. Aravena, D.E. Black, D.A. Christie, R. D'Arrigo, A. Lara, M. Morales, C. Soliz-Gamboa, A. Srur, R. Urrutia, and L. von Gunten author Climate Dynamics publisher https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0793-3 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2011 Neukom, R., J. Luterbacher, R. Villalba, M. Küttel, D. Frank, P.D. Jones, M. Grosjean, H. Wanner, J.-C. Aravena, D.E. Black, D.A. Christie, R. D'Arrigo, A. Lara, M. Morales, C. Soliz-Gamboa, A. Srur, R. Urrutia, and L. von Gunten, 2011: Multiproxy summer and winter surface air temperature field reconstructions for southern South America covering the past centuries. Climate Dynamics, 37, 35–51, 10.1007/s00382-010-0793-3 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 900 CE to 1995 CE; Date Range: 1050 cal yr BP to -45 cal yr BP; -80.25 -30.25 -64.75 -19.75 900 1995 STUDY NOTES: This dataset contains the austral summer (DJF) and winter (JJA) surface temmperature reconstructions for southern South America (SSA) as presented in Neukom et al. 2010. The data are based on the PCR reconstruction (details see paper) and cover the following periods: Summer: 900-1995 Winter: 1706-1995 We provide the spatial mean as well as spatially explicit datasets. Files for the SSA Means: Summer: SSA-Mean_Rekon_DJF_900-1995.txt Winter: SSA-Mean_Recon_JJA_1706-1995.txt The Files contain the following columns: Years, SSA-Mean temperature anomalies wrt 1901-1995 [°C], 2SE uncertainties lower bound [°C], 2SE uncertainties upper bound [°C] The spatial reconstructions are provided in 0.5°x0.5° resolution and in NetCDF and text format: Summer: SSA_Rekon_DJF_900-1995.nc and SSA_Rekon_DJF_900-1995.txt Winter: SSA_Rekon_JJA_1706-1995.nc and SSA_Rekon_JJA_1706-1995.txt The text file contain the following columns: Year, Temperature anomalies wrt 1931-1995 [°C] of grid-cell 1, Temperature anomalies of grid-cell 2, ... , Temperature anomalies of grid-cell 9191 The grid cells are structured as follows: There are 9191 cells representing 101 longitudes (80.25°W to 30.25°W) and 91 latitudes (64.75°S to 19.75°S) Cell 1 represents the southwestern corner of the area (80.25°W,64.75°S) Cell 2 represents the next cell eastward of cell 1 (79.75°W,64.75°S) ... Cell 101 represent the southeastern corner of the area (30.25°W,64.75°S) Cell 102 represents the coordinates (80.25°W,64.25°S) ... Cell 9191 represents the northeastern corner of the area (30.25°W,19.75°S) Only the land-gridcells (2358 cells) contain data, all other cells have "NA" values. ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: We statistically reconstruct austral summer (winter) surface air temperature fields back to ad 900 (1706) using 22 (20) annually resolved predictors from natural and human archives from southern South America (SSA). This represents the first regional-scale climate field reconstruction for parts of the Southern Hemisphere at this high temporal resolution. We apply three different reconstruction techniques: multivariate principal component regression, composite plus scaling, and regularized expectation maximization. There is generally good agreement between the results of the three methods on interannual and decadal timescales. The field reconstructions allow us to describe differences and similarities in the temperature evolution of different sub-regions of SSA. The reconstructed SSA mean summer temperatures between 900 and 1350 are mostly above the 1901–1995 climatology. After 1350, we reconstruct a sharp transition to colder conditions, which last until approximately 1700. The summers in the eighteenth century are relatively warm with a subsequent cold relapse peaking around 1850. In the twentieth century, summer temperatures reach conditions similar to earlier warm periods. The winter temperatures in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were mostly below the twentieth century average. The uncertainties of our reconstructions are generally largest in the eastern lowlands of SSA, where the coverage with proxy data is poorest. Verifications with independent summer temperature proxies and instrumental measurements suggest that the interannual and multi-decadal variations of SSA temperatures are well captured by our reconstructions. This new dataset can be used for data/model comparison and data assimilation as well as for detection and attribution studies at sub-continental scales. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/r902-p651 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/10452 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-reconstruction HTTPS Information NCEI Climate Reconstruction Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2010/readme-neukom2010.txt HTTPS Download /contributions_by_author/neukom2010/readme-neukom2010.txt Readme download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/neukom2010/neukom2010.zip HTTPS Download /contributions_by_author/neukom2010/neukom2010.zip Original Data and Full Metadata download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21