{"@type": "dcat:Dataset", "accessLevel": "public", "bureauCode": ["011:21"], "contactPoint": {"@type": "vcard:Contact", "fn": "Open Data Office of Justice Programs (USDOJ)", "hasEmail": "mailto:opendata@usdoj.gov"}, "dataQuality": false, "description": "This study was the first attempt to investigate gang\r\n migration systematically and on a national level. The primary\r\n objectives of the study were (1) to identify the scope of gang\r\n migration nationally, (2) to describe the nature of gang migration,\r\n (3) to assess the impact of gang migration on destination cities, and\r\n (4) to describe the current law enforcement responses to the migration\r\n of gangs and identify those that appeared to be most effective for\r\n various types of migration. Two phases of data collection were\r\n used. The major objective of the initial phase was to identify cities\r\n that had experienced gang migration (Part 1). This was accomplished by\r\n distributing a brief mail questionnaire in 1992 to law enforcement\r\n agencies in cities identified as potential gang or gang migration\r\n sites. The second major phase of data collection involved in-depth\r\n telephone interviews with law enforcement officers in cities that had\r\n experienced gang migration in order to develop descriptions of the\r\n nature of migration and police responses to it (Part 2). For Part 1,\r\n information was collected on the year migration started, number of\r\n migrants in the past year, factors that deter gang migration, number\r\n of gang members, names of gangs, ethnic distribution of gang members\r\n and their drug market involvement, number of gang homicides, number of\r\n 1991 gang \"drive-bys\", and if gangs or narcotics were specified in the\r\n respondent's assignment. For Part 2, information was collected on the\r\n demographics of gang members, the ethnic percentage of drug gang\r\n members and their involvement in distributing specific drugs, and the\r\n influence of gang migrants on local gang and crime situations in terms\r\n of types and methods of crime, drug distribution activities,\r\n technology/equipment used, and targets of crime. Information on\r\n patterns of gang migration, including motivations to migrate, drug gang\r\n migration, and volume of migration, was also collected. Local responses\r\n to gang migration covered information sources, department policies\r\n relative to migration, gang specialization in department, approaches\r\n taken by the department, and information exchanges and coordination\r\namong local, state, and federal agencies.", "distribution": [{"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR02570.v1", "title": "Impact of Gang Migration:  Effective Responses by Law Enforcement Agencies in the United States, 1992"}], "identifier": "3422", "issued": "1999-11-19T00:00:00", "keyword": ["cities", "drive-by shootings", "drug traffic", "gang members", "gang migration", "gang violence", "gangs", "police response"], "language": ["eng"], "license": "http://www.usa.gov/publicdomain/label/1.0/", "modified": "2006-03-30T00:00:00", "programCode": ["011:060"], "publisher": {"@type": "org:Organization", "name": "National Institute of Justice", "subOrganizationOf": {"acronym": "OJP", "id": 22, "name": "Office of Justice Programs", "parentOrganization": {"acronym": "DOJ", "id": 10, "name": "Department of Justice"}, "parentOrganizationID": 10}}, "title": "Impact of Gang Migration:  Effective Responses by Law Enforcement Agencies in the United States, 1992"}