noaa-cave-36774 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-08-29 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Mawmluh Cave, India d18O and d13C Data during the Past Millennium 2022-08-29 publication doi:10.25921/hfdb-xw56 noaa-cave-36774 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Kathayat, G. originator Kathayat, G. author Sinha, A. originator Sinha, A. author Breitenbach, S.F.M. originator Breitenbach, S.F.M. author Tan, L. originator Tan, L. author Spötl, C. originator Spötl, C. author Li, H. originator Li, H. author Dong, X. originator Dong, X. author Zhang, H. originator Zhang, H. author Ning, Y.F. originator Ning, Y.F. author Allan, R.J. originator Allan, R.J. author Damodaran, V. originator Damodaran, V. author Edwards, R.L. originator Edwards, R.L. author Cheng, H. originator Cheng, H. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Cave. The data include parameters of speleothems with a geographic location of India, Southcentral Asia. The time period coverage is from 870 to 44 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past temperature, precipitation, and other aspects of climate derived from mineral deposits found in caves. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-cave.png Paleoclimatology - Speleothem PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Land Records > Cave Deposits Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Speleothems Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Land Records > Cave Deposits theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems > carbon isotopes earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems > oxygen isotopes theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Monsoon drought theme What: delta 18O; Material: null What: delta 13C; Material: null What: age; Material: null What: depth; Material: null What: delta 18O; Material: null What: notes; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Continent > Asia > Southcentral Asia > India > Mawmluh Cave > LATITUDE 25.2622 > LONGITUDE 91.8167 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Kathayat, G.; Sinha, A.; Breitenbach, S.F.M.; Tan, L.; Spötl, C.; Li, H.; Dong, X.; Zhang, H.; Ning, Y.F.; Allan, R.J.; Damodaran, V.; Edwards, R.L.; Cheng, H. (2022-08-29): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Mawmluh Cave, India d18O and d13C Data during the Past Millennium. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/hfdb-xw56. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Protracted Indian Monsoon Droughts of the Past Millennium and Their Societal Impacts 2022 publication Kathayat, G., Sinha, A., Breitenbach, S.M.F., Tan, L., Spötl, C., Li, H., Dong, X., Zhang, H., Ning, Y., Allan, J.R., Damodaran, V., Edwards, R.L., and Cheng, H. author Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publisher https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2207487119 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2022 Kathayat, G., Sinha, A., Breitenbach, S.M.F., Tan, L., Spötl, C., Li, H., Dong, X., Zhang, H., Ning, Y., Allan, J.R., Damodaran, V., Edwards, R.L., and Cheng, H., 2022: Protracted Indian Monsoon Droughts of the Past Millennium and Their Societal Impacts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119, , 10.1073/pnas.2207487119 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 1080 CE to 1906 CE; Date Range: 870 cal yr BP to 44 cal yr BP; 91.8167 91.8167 25.2622 25.2622 Study Coordinates 25.2622 91.8167 1080 1906 ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Protracted droughts lasting years to decades constitute severe threats to human welfare across the Indian subcontinent. Such events are, however, rare during the instrumental period (c. since 1871 CE). In contrast, the historic documentary evidence indicates the repeated occurrences of protracted droughts in the region during the pre-instrumental period implying that either the instrumental observations underestimate the full spectrum of monsoon variability, or the historic accounts overestimate the severity and duration of the past droughts. Here we present a temporally precise speleothem-based oxygen isotope reconstruction of the Indian summer monsoon precipitation variability from Mawmluh cave located in Northeast India. Our data reveal that protracted droughts, embedded within multidecadal intervals of reduced monsoon rainfall, frequently occurred over the past millennium. These extreme events are in striking temporal synchrony with the historically documented droughts, famines, mass mortality events, and geopolitical changes in the Indian subcontinent. Our findings necessitate reconsideration of the region’s current water resources, sustainability, and mitigation policies that discount the possibility of protracted droughts in the future. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/hfdb-xw56 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/36774 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/speleothem HTTPS Information NCEI Cave Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/india/kathayat2022/kathayat2022-ml-8.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/asia/india/kathayat2022/kathayat2022-ml-8.txt Speleothem download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/india/kathayat2022/kathayat2022-ml-5.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/asia/india/kathayat2022/kathayat2022-ml-5.txt Speleothem download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/india/kathayat2022/kathayat2022-comp-d18o.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/asia/india/kathayat2022/kathayat2022-comp-d18o.txt Speleothem download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/india/kathayat2022/kathayat2022-comp-d18o-z.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/asia/india/kathayat2022/kathayat2022-comp-d18o-z.txt Speleothem download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21