{"@type": "dcat:Dataset", "accessLevel": "restricted public", "bureauCode": ["011:21"], "contactPoint": {"@type": "vcard:Contact", "fn": "Open Data Office of Justice Programs (USDOJ)", "hasEmail": "mailto:opendata@usdoj.gov"}, "dataQuality": false, "description": "This study of violent incidents among middle- and\r\nhigh-school students focused not only on the types and frequency of\r\nthese incidents, but also on their dynamics -- the locations, the\r\nopening moves, the relationship between the disputants, the goals and\r\njustifications of the aggressor, the role of third parties, and other\r\nfactors. For this study, violence was defined as an act carried out\r\nwith the intention, or perceived intention, of physically injuring\r\nanother person, and the \"opening move\" was defined as the action of\r\na respondent, antagonist, or third party that was viewed as beginning\r\nthe violent incident. Data were obtained from interviews with 70 boys\r\nand 40 girls who attended public schools with populations that had\r\nhigh rates of violence. About half of the students came from a middle\r\nschool in an economically disadvantaged African-American section of a\r\nlarge southern city. The neighborhood the school served, which\r\nincluded a public housing project, had some of the country's highest\r\nrates of reported violent crime. The other half of the sample were\r\nvolunteers from an alternative high school attended by students who\r\nhad committed serious violations of school rules, largely involving\r\nillegal drugs, possession of handguns, or fighting. Many students in\r\nthis high school, which is located in a large city in the southern\r\npart of the Midwest, came from high-crime areas, including public\r\nhousing communities. The interviews were open-ended, with the students\r\nencouraged to speak at length about any violent incidents in school,\r\nat home, or in the neighborhood in which they had been involved. The\r\n110 interviews yielded 250 incidents and are presented as text files,\r\nParts 3 and 4. The interview transcriptions were then reduced to a\r\nquantitative database with the incident as the unit of analysis\r\n(Part 1). Incidents were diagrammed, and events in each sequence were\r\ncoded and grouped to show the typical patterns and sub-patterns in\r\nthe interactions. Explanations the students offered for the\r\nviolent-incident behavior were grouped into two categories: (1)\r\n\"justifications,\" in which the young people accepted responsibility\r\nfor their violent actions but denied that the actions were wrong, and\r\n(2) \"excuses,\" in which the young people admitted the act was wrong\r\nbut denied responsibility. Every case in the incident database had at\r\nleast one physical indicator of force or violence. The\r\nrespondent-level file (Part 2) was created from the incident-level\r\nfile using the AGGREGATE procedure in SPSS. Variables in Part 1\r\ninclude the sex, grade, and age of the respondent, the sex and\r\nestimated age of the antagonist, the relationship between respondent\r\nand antagonist, the nature and location of the opening move, the\r\nrespondent's response to the opening move, persons present during the\r\nincident, the respondent's emotions during the incident, the person\r\nwho ended the fight, punishments imposed due to the incident, whether\r\nthe respondent was arrested, and the duration of the incident.\r\nAdditional items cover the number of times during the incident that\r\nsomething was thrown, the respondent was pushed, slapped, or spanked,\r\nwas kicked, bit, or hit with a fist or with something else, was beaten\r\nup, cut, or bruised, was threatened with a knife or gun, or a knife or\r\ngun was used on the respondent. Variables in Part 2 include the\r\nrespondent's age, gender, race, and grade at the time of the\r\ninterview, the number of incidents per respondent, if the respondent\r\nwas an armed robber or a victim of an armed robbery, and whether the\r\nrespondent had something thrown at him/her, was pushed, slapped, or\r\nspanked, was kicked, bit, or hit with a fist or with something else,\r\nwas beaten up, was threatened with a knife or gun, or had a knife or\r\ngun used on him/her.", "distribution": [{"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR02027.v1", "title": "Violent Incidents Among Selected Public School Students in Two Large Cities of the South and the Southern Midwest, 1995: [United States]"}], "identifier": "2782", "issued": "1998-12-10T00:00:00", "keyword": ["crime in schools", "juvenile offenders", "middle schools", "neighborhoods", "public housing", "school violence", "schools", "urban crime"], "language": ["eng"], "license": "http://www.usa.gov/publicdomain/label/1.0/", "modified": "2012-08-22T08:55:57", "programCode": ["011:060"], "publisher": {"@type": "org:Organization", "name": "National Institute of Justice", "subOrganizationOf": {"acronym": "OJP", "id": 22, "name": "Office of Justice Programs", "parentOrganization": {"acronym": "DOJ", "id": 10, "name": "Department of Justice"}, "parentOrganizationID": 10}}, "rights": "These data are restricted due to the increased risk of violation of confidentiality of respondent and subject data.", "title": "Violent Incidents Among Selected Public School Students in Two Large Cities of the South and the Southern Midwest, 1995: [United States]"}